B ilish m o tivlari s h a x s n in g g n o s e o l o g i k m a q s a d , y a ' n i
bilish m a q s a d i n i q a r o r t o p t i r i s h b ilim va k o ‘n i k m a l a r n i
e g a lla s h sari y o ‘naltirilad i. O d a t d a , b u n d a y t u r d o s h v a
j i n s d o s h m o t iv la r nazariy m a ’l u m o t l a r n i n g k o ‘r s a t i s h i c h a ,
tashqi
v a
ich ki
, dcg a n a t a m a l a r n i y u z a g a keltiradi.
Tashqi
m o tiv lar ja z o la s h v a ta q d irla s h , x a v f - x a t a r v a
t a la b q ilis h , g u r u h iy tazyiq, e z g u niyat, o r z u - i s t a k k a b i
q o ‘z g ka t u v c h il a r ta'sirida v u ju d g a keladi. B ularning b a r c h a s i
b e v o s ita o ‘q u v niaqsadiga n i s b a t a n ta s h q i o m illa r, s a b a b l a r
b o ‘lib h is o b la n a d i. M a z k u r h o l a t d a b ilim va m a l a k a l a r o kt a
n u i h i m r o q b o ‘lgan yetakchi m a q s a d l a r n i a m alg a o s h i r i s h n i
t a ’m i n la s h vazifasini bajarad i ( y o q i m s i z h olat va k e c h i n -
m a l a r yoki n o x u s h , n o q u la y v a z i y a t d a n q o c h is h , i j t i m o iy
yoki shaxsiy muvaffaqiyatga c ris h is h ) va hokazo. Bu t u r d a g i
ta s h q i m o t i v l a r t a ’siri b i l a n t a ’lim j a r a y o n i d a b i lim v a
k o 'n i k m a l a r n i egallashda q i y i n c h i l i k l a r kelib c h iq ib , u l a r
asosiy m a q s a d n i am alga oshirishga to 'sq in lik qiladi. M a s a la n ,
k ich ik m a k t a b yoshidagi o ‘q u v c h i l a r n i o ‘qish e m a s , b a l k i
o 'y i n faoliyati k o 'p r o q q iz iq tir a d i. M a z k u r v az iy a td a o ‘q i -
tu v c h i n in g ularni o ‘qishga j a l b qilish niyati o ‘q u v c h i l a r n i n g
o*yin m a q s a d i ushalishiga x a l a q i t b erishi m u m k i n , l e k i n
b u n d a i z o h ta la b dalillar y e t i s h m a y d i .
M o ti v la r n i n g n avbatdagi, y a ' n i ichki m o tiv la r t u r k u -
m ig a in d iv id u a l xususiyatli m o t i v l a r kiradiki, u l a r o ‘q u v c h i
s h ax sid a o ‘qishga nisbatan in d i v id u a l m a q s a d n i r o ky o b g a
c h iq a r u v c h i q o ‘zg‘alish negizida p a y d o b o l a d i . C h u n o n c h i ,
bilishga q iz iq ish n in g vujudga kelishi sh ax sn in g m a ’n a v i y
d arajasin i o sh irish u c h u n u n d a g i in tilis h la rn in g y e tilis h id ir.
B u n g a o ‘xsh ash m o t iv la r n in g t a 's i r i d a o ‘qu v j a r a y o n i d a
nizoli, ziddiyatli h o latlar y u z a g a k e lm a y d i. A lb atta, b u n d a y
toifaga taalluqli m o tiv lar p a y d o boMishiga q a r a m a y , b a ’z a n
q iy in c h ilik la r vujudga kelishi e h t i m o l , c h u n k i b i l i m l a r n i
o 'z la s h ti r i s h u c h u n irodaviy z o “r b c rish g a t o ‘g ‘ri k e l a d i .
B u n d a y x ossalarga ega irodaviy z o ' r b e r is h la r tashqi x a l a q i t
b e r u v c h i q o ‘z g ‘a t u v c h i l a r n i n g k u c h i v a i m k o n i y a t i n i
kam aytirishga qaratilgan b o l a d i . U s h b u jara y o n g a p e d a g o g ik
p s i x o l o g iy a n u q t a y i n a z a r i d a n y o n d a s h i l g a n d a b u n d a y
t o l a q o n l i v az iya tni o q ilo n a d e y is h m u m k i n .
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T a ’l i m j a r a y o n i d a b u n d a y v a z i y a t l a r n i y a r a t i s h
o ‘q itu v c h in in g m u h i m vazifasi h isobíanib, u n i n g faoliyati
ichki a n g l a n g a n m o t i v l a r , ya'ni o ‘q u v c h i l a r x u lq -a tv o rin i
s h u n c h a k i b o s h q a r i s h b i l a n c h e k l a n m a s d a n , balk i u l a r
s h a x s in i s h a k l l a n t i r i s h g a , ularga m a q s a d q o ‘y a o lish g a ,
q iziq is h uy g ‘o t i s h g a q a r a t i lg a n b o l a d i .
A n iq n a rs a la r, h o d i s a l a r va x a t t i - h a r a k a t l a r i n s o n n i n g
faolligi m u a y y a n m a n b a l a r bilan uzviy bogM anishga ega
b o l s a v a u y g ‘u n l a s h i b b o rs a , faoliyat m o tiv la ri darajasiga
o ‘sib o ‘tadi. P s ix o lo g i y a d a m a n b a la r o ‘z m o h i y a t ig a k o ‘ra,
t u r k u m l a r g a ajra tib t a l q i n qilinadi.
A)
Inson ehtiyojlari bilan be/gilanuvchi ic h k i manbalar.
B u n d a o r g a n iz m n in g ta b i i y ehtiyojlarini n a m o y o n qiluvchi
t u g ‘m a x u s u s i y a tl a r v a j a m o a d a s h a k l l a n u v c h i ijtim o iy
e h tiy o jla rn i v u ju d g a keltiru v ch i o r t t i r m a x u su siy atg a cga
b o l i s h i m u in k in .
T u g fcm a e h ti y o jla r o ra s id a o 'q is h g a a l o q a d o r b o l g a n
fao llik k a intilish e h t i y o j i va axborot, n i a 'l u m o t , x ab a rlar
o lishga boMgan e h t iy o ji m u h i m o ‘rin tu tadi.
M otivga g e n e tik y o n d a sh ilg a n d a shuni a l o h id a ta'k id lab
o ‘tish lozim ki, b o l a d a t u g ‘ilgandan b e v o sita faollik k o 'r s a -
tishga moyillik h u k m suradi: u kuladi (noverbal — m u o m a la
sh a k li), q im irla y d i ( f a z o d a o ‘rin a l m a s h is h ), q o l va o y o q -
larini h a r a k a t l a n t i r a d i (m o s la s h is h ), o ‘y n a y d i ( m u h i t —
b o l a m u n o s a b a t i ) , g a p l a s h a d i (sh a x sla raro m u n o s a b a t g a
k irishish), s a v o lla r b e r a d i (dialogik m u l o q o t va bo sh q alar).
B u n g a o 'x s h a sh x a tt i - h a r a k a t l a r n i n g o ‘zi ularn i q o n iqtiradi.
V o q e l i k n i , i n s o n n i n g a x b o r o t í a r g a n i s b a t a n e h t i y o j i n i
t a j r i b a l a r o r q a l i k o ‘r s a t i s h m u m k i n . M a s a l a n , a g a r
t e k s h i r i l u v c h i n i m a ’l u m v aqtga ta s h q i o l a m d a n ajra tib
q o kyilsa, n a t ija d a u n i n g irodasida, h issiyotida, intellc k tid a
b u z i l i s h s o d i r b o ' l i s h i , z e r i k i s h i , i r o d a v i y a k t t i z i m i
y o ‘q o lishi, fikr y u r i t i s h j a ra y o n i p a r c h a l a n i s h i , illuzion,
g a llu ts io n a l h o l a t l a r u c h r a s h i m u m k in .
Ijtim o iy t u r m u s h s h a r o it i d a faollik va i n f o r m a t s i o n
taqch illik o d a m l a r n i salbiy his-tuyg‘u va k e c h im n a la rg a olib
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