p asa y is h ig a, i k k i n c h i d a n , insondagi ay rim e h tiy o jia rn in g
p a y d o b o l i s h i yoki y o ‘qolish ig a , u c h i n c h i d a n , o d a m ichki
o r g a n l a r i fu n k s io n a l h o l a t l a r i n i n g b e q a r o r l a s h u v i g a olib
k elad i. S h artsiz va s h a r tl i reflekslar h is - t u y g ‘u l a r u c h u n
e n g xususiyatli fizio lo g ik j a r a y o n l a r negizi s ifatida xizm at
q ila d i va u la rn in g m u a y y a n tizimi bosh m iy a k a tta y a r im -
s h a r i p o ks t l o g ‘i d a y u z a g a k e l a d i , m u s t a h k a m l a n a d i .
M u r a k k a b sh a rtsiz reflek slar: 1) y a r im s h a r l a r n i n g p o ‘st-
lo q o sti b o ‘shliqlari; 2) m i y a stvolining k o ‘rish d o 'n g lik la ri:
3) n e r v q o ‘z g ka I is h la r in i m i y a n i n g y u q o ri b o 'l i m l a r i d a n
vegetativ tizimiga o ‘t k a z ib beruvchi markazlari orqali am alga
oshiriladi. Shaxsda h i s - t u y g kularning kechishi h a m i s h a miya
p o ‘s t l o g ki bilan p o ‘s t l o q o s t i m a r k a z l a r in in g b irgalikdagi
faoliyati natijasida r o ‘y o b g a chiqadi.
S h a x s ru h iy o l a m i d a , uni q u r s h a b t u r g a n t e v a r a k -
a t r o f d a s o d i r b o l a y o t g a n o kz g a ris h la r (x o h ta b iiy , xo h
s u b y e k t i v boMsin) k e c h i n m a i a r s u b y e k ti i n s o n u c h u n
q a n c h a q a d r - q i m m a t l i v a y uksak a h a m iy a t kasb etsa, liissiy
h o l a t l a r n i n g m a z m u n i s h u n c h a p u r m a ' n o b o 'l a d i . B uning
t a ’s i r i d a e sa y u z a g a k e l a d i g a n n u i v a q q a t b o g l a n i s h l a r
tiz i m i n i n g qayta qurilishi q o ‘z g kalish ja ra y o n in i hosil qiladi.
M a z k u r j a r a y o n m i y a k a t t a y a r i m s h a r l a r i p o ks t ! o g ’ida
ta rq a lib , s o ‘ng p o kstlo q o sti m arkazlarini egallab oladi. K atta
y a r im sharlar p o 's tlo g 'id a n pastda turuvchi m iya b o l i m l a r i d a
o r g a n i z m fiziologik f a o liy a tin in g turli m a r k a z la r i (nafas
o l i s h , o v q a t h a z m q i l i s h ) j o y l a s h g a n . S h u s a b a b d a n ,
p o ‘s tlo q o sti m a r k a z l a r i n i n g q o ‘z g ‘alishi b a ’zi ichki a ’z o la r
fa o liy a tin in g k u c h a y ish ig a olib keladi. J u m l a d a n , nafas olish
m e ’y o r in i n g o ‘zgarishi (h a y a j o n la n g a n d a b o kg ‘ilib qolish,
o g ‘ir va tartibsiz nafas o lish ) yuz berishi, y u ra k fa o liy a ti
n in g b u zilishi, y u ra k u r i s h i tezîashishi, o r g a n i z m n i n g q o n
b i l a n t a ’m in la n is h i i z d a n chiqishi (u v a lg a n d a n qizarish ,
q o ‘r q q a n d a n o q a r is h ) , ic h k i sekrctsiya bezlari ishini b uzib
k o ‘z y o s h i n i o q i z i s h i , h a y a j o n l a n g a n d a o g ‘iz q u r i s h i ,
q o ‘r q q a n d a n „ s o v u q “ t e r chiqishi m u m k in .
Ilm iy m a n b a l a r d a t a l q i n qilinishicha, m iya k a tta y a rim -
s h a r l a r i n i n g p o ‘s t l o g ki m o ' t a d i l s h a r o i t d a p o ls t l o q o s t i
m a r k a z l a r i g a b o s h q a r u v va t o r m o z l o v y o ‘s i n i d a t a ’sir
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k o ‘rsatadi h a m d a h issiyotning ta sh q a r id a ifo d a la n is h ig a y o i
q o 'y m ay d i. M iya p o ‘stlog‘i kuchli d a ra ja d a q o ‘z g ‘alsa, u n i n g
ta 's i r i d a b o s h q a r u v c h a n l i k funksiyasi b u z ila d i. S h a x s q a ttiq
c h a r c h a s a yoki k u ch li m a s t b o ‘lsa, irra d ia ts iy a o q i b a t i d a
p o 's tlo q o s ti m a rk a z la ri h a m q o ‘z g ‘a la d i, n a t i j a d a u l a r n i n g
h a r a k a tn i n a z o ra t qilishi h a m y o 'q o la d i .
M iya fa o liy a tin in g e lek tro fizio lo g ik t a d q i q o t la r i e m o -
tsiyalaming p ay d o b o ‘lishida g ip o ta la m o lim b ik
{yunoncha —
h y p o th a la m u s
—
b o sh m iy a b o ‘lim i
d e g a n m a ’ n o n i
b ild ir a d i) tiz im i v a r e ti k u lä r f o r m a ts i y a ( l o t i n c h a
reti
culum — to'rsim on , fo rm a tio — bog 'la m
m a ’n o s i n i a n g -
latad i) ning o 'r n i k o ‘rsatib o ‘tilgan. M a ’l u m o t l a r d a k o ‘r-
sa tilish ic h a , e m o t s i o n a l h o l a t l a r n i n g fiz io lo g ik m o h i y a t i
k a t t a y a r i m s h a r l a r p o ‘s t ! o g ‘in i n g va p o ‘s t l o q o s t i t iz im i
m a r k a z l a r n i n g f u n k s iy a s ig in a e m a s , b a lk i u l a r : a) m iy a
m e x a n i z m l a r i f a o liy a ti n i f a o l l a s h t i r u v c h i r e t i k u l ä r f o r -
m atsiy an in g ; b) m i y a n in g k o ‘rish d o ‘n g lik la rin in g ( d o ‘ng-
likosti q is m in in g ); d ) y a r im s h a r l a r y angi p o ‘s t l o g ‘i o r a -
sidagi lim bik s is te m a n in g funksiyalaridir^ E m o t s i o n a l h o -
latlar u c h u n p o ‘s tloqosti t u g u n c h a l a r i n i n g t a r k i b i g a k iruv-
chi (m iy a k a tta y a r im s h a r l a r in i n g o q m o d d a s i j b i r l a s h u v i
b ilan ku lran g m o d d a g a a y l a n a d i ) b u m a r k a z l a r h a m mu*
h i m a h a m iy a tg a ega. A ga rda m iy a k atta y a r im s h a r la ri p o ‘st-
l o g ‘i h a r a k a tl a r i n i b i r l a s h t i r i b , s e z g ila rn i v a s a ’y - h a r a -
k atlarn i n ozik ifoda qilib t u rs a , m iy a fo r m a ts iy a la r i ta s h q i
h a m d a ich k i m u h i t d a s o d i r b o l a d i g a n o ‘z g a r i s h l a r g a
o r g a n iz m n in g j a v o b reak siy alarin i b o s h q a r a d i.
M a ’l u m o tla r g a q a r a g a n d a , m iy a k a t ta y a r im s h a r l a r i
p o 's t l o g 'i s h ik astlan sa, tash q i o l a m d a n h a m d a ic h k i o r g a n -
la r d a n k eladiga n q o lz g ‘o v c h il a r n in g n o z ik t a h lil q ilinishi
zaiflashsa h a m e m o t s i o n a l h o la tla r saq la n ib q o l a v e r a r e k a n .
M a s a la n , h a y v o n l a r lim b ik t iz i m g a , d o kn g o s t i ( g i p o t a -
l a m u s ) q i s m ig a , k o ‘rish d o ' n g c h a l a r i g a
y o ‘n a l t i r i l g a n
e l e k t r q o ‘z g ‘a tu v c h ila r g a , r e ti k u l ä r f o r m a t s i y a n i n g q o ‘z-
g ‘alishlariga x u rsa n d lik yoki diqqinafaslik, d a r g ‘a z a b lik yoki
q o ‘rqoq!ik, lazz atlan ish y o k i a z o b la n is h , r o h a tl a n i s h yoki
ko'n gilxijillik sifatida j a v o b reaksiyasi hosil b o ‘Iadi.
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