Orbiter user Manual
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- Generic cockpit Generic cockpit 2D panel view 2D panel view Virtual cockpit
- Target to
- 12.3 Selecting the field of view
| ORBITER User Manual (c) 2000-2010 Martin Schweiger 50
12 Camera modes Orbiter‟s solar system contains a variety of objects, including planets, moons, space- craft and launch sites. You can have a look at any of these by adjusting the camera mode. To open the camera configuration di- alog, press . You can now
Point the camera to a new target, by se- lecting an object from the list, and click- ing Apply.
Jump back to the current focus object in external or cockpit view, by clicking Fo- cus Cockpit or Focus Extern. (Shortcut: )
Select the external camera tracking or ground-based mode, by clicking the Track tab. (Shortcut: )
and
for continous zooming, and and for discrete zoom steps).
Store and recall camera modes via the preset list, by clicking the Preset tab. 12.1 Internal view In internal (cockpit) view the player is placed inside the cockpit of his/her spaceship and looks forward. Instrument panels, head-up display (HUD) and multifunctional displays (MFD) are only shown in internal view. To return to cockpit view from any external views, press , or select Focus Cockpit from the camera dialog. Some spacecraft types support scrollable 2D instrument panels and/or a 3-dimen- sional “virtual cockpit”, in addition to the generic view. Press to switch between the available cockpit modes. You can rotate the view direction by pressing the key in combination with a cur- sor key ( ) on the cursor keypad. To return to the default view direction, press on the cursor keypad. 2D panels can be scrolled with . This is useful if the panel is larger than the simulation window, or to scroll the panel out of the way. If a ship supports multiple panels, you can switch between them with .
Generic cockpit 2D panel view 2D panel view Virtual cockpit Virtual cockpit ORBITER User Manual (c) 2000-2010 Martin Schweiger 51
For details on HUD and MFD modes, see sections 13 and 14. 12.2 External views External views allow to have a look at any objects currently populating the simulated solar system, including the Sun, planets and moons, spacecraft, orbital stations and surface bases. From cockpit view, an external view of the current spaceship can be selected by pressing . Other objects can be selected from the target list in the Camera dialog ( ). Two types of external camera modes are available: Track views follow the object. The camera can be rotated around the target object by pressing keys. The and
keys move the camera towards or away from the target. Different camera panning modes for external views can be se- lected by pressing or via the Track tab in the Camera dialog:
Looking at a planet in this mode for example will rotate the camera together with the planet around its axis. will rotate the camera around the tar- get‟s local axes.
a planet in this mode will show the planet rotating underneath the camera. will rotate the camera around the axes of the ecliptic frame of ref- erence.
The direction into which the camera points is fixed in an absolute frame, but it is tilted with respect to the target‟s local frame. will rotate the cam- era around the target‟s local axes.
In Target to … and Target from … modes camera rotation ( ) is deac- tivated, but radial camera movement with and
is still available. Camera: Selecting a track mode (left) or a ground-based view (right). ORBITER User Manual (c) 2000-2010 Martin Schweiger 52
Ground-based views place the camera at a fixed point relative to the surface of a planet. This is a good way to follow the launch of a rocket from a spectator‟s perspec- tive, or view the final approach of a Shuttle from the control tower. To select a ground-based view, select the Ground tab in the Camera dialog. You can now select one of the predefined observer locations from the lists, e.g. “Earth” + “KSC” + “Pad 39 Tower”. Alternatively, you can just specify the planet and enter the location by hand, providing longitude (in degrees, positive towards east), latitude (in degrees, positive towards north), and altitude (in metres), e.g. “Earth” + “-80.62 +28.62 15”. Click Ap- ply to jump to the selected location. You can also directly use the current camera location in ground observer mode, by clicking Current. The longitude, latitude and altitude are then entered automatically. You can move the observer location by pressing , and the observer al- titude by pressing and .The speed at which the observer moves can be adjusted with the Panning speed slider in the dialog box, in the range from 0.1 to 10 4 m/s. There are two ways to select the camera orientation: If the Target lock box in the di- alog is ticked, the camera is always automatically pointing towards the current cam- era target. If the box is not ticked, the camera direction can be modified manually by pressing . See also Section Planets in OrbiterConfig.pdf on how to add new observer sites to a planet definition file. In external views a display of target parameters can be toggled by pressing .
The camera aperture defines the visible field of view (FOV). It can be adjusted in a similar way to the zoom function of a camera lens. To set the aperture, select the FOV tab in the Camera dialog. The supported range is be- tween 10° and 90° (Orbiter defines the field of view as the vertical aperture, between the top and bottom edge of the simulation win- dow). The most natural aperture depends on the size of the simulation window on your screen, and the distance between your eyes and the screen. Typical values are between 40° and 60°. You can adjust the field of view by clicking one of the aperture buttons, moving the slider, or entering a numerical value in the edit box. The keyboard shortcuts are and to continuously decrease or increase the FOV, respectively, or and
to decrease and increase the FOV in discrete steps of 10°. The current field of view is displayed in the status section in the top left corner of the simulation window.
ORBITER User Manual (c) 2000-2010 Martin Schweiger 53
12.4 Storing and recalling camera modes Orbiter provides an easy method to store and recall camera modes in a preset list. Click on the Preset tab in the Camera dialog. Any available modes are listed here. To acti- vate a mode, double-click it in the list, or select the mode and click Recall. To store the current camera mode as a new preset in the list, simply click Add. This will produce a new entry with a short descrip- tion. To delete a mode, click Delete, or Clear to clear the whole list. Each entry remembers its track mode, posi- tion, target and aperture. The preset list is a good way to prepare a set of camera angles beforehand (for example to follow a launch) and then activate them quickly without having to adjust the positions manually. The preset list is stored together with the simulation state, so it can be shared via a scena- rio file. Camera: Mode preset list Document Outline
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