S e c o n d e d I t I o n 1 Reading for the Real World 1

4 
_________________. One example of this kind of cheating is when a 
player pretends to be fouled in order to get a(n) 
5 
_________________. Or 
6 
_________________ set the heat very high in the opponent’s locker room to 
make players on that team sluggish during the game. 
normative cheating 
cheating is illegal 
loopholes in rules
a team might 
undeserved foul shot 
athletes and coaches

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upplemental Reading
T 
he International Olympics Committee has established special rules 
banning drugs to enhance performance. However, some athletes are 
experimenting with new drugs that are difficult to detect. 
The IOC forbids athletes from using steroids as strength builders. The most 
popular steroids are man-made forms of testosterone, a hormone already 
present in the body.
Another popular performance-enhancer is EPO. EPO, or Erythropoientin, 
regulates red blood-cell production. These cells deliver 
oxygen throughout the body. The oxygen boost it provides 
can improve an athlete’s performance in a 20-minute run by 
thirty seconds. In a marathon, it could give an athlete a 
4-minute advantage. EPO is dangerous because it can make 
the blood too thick for the heart to pump.
Human growth hormone, a third commonly used 
enhancer, is a naturally occurring amino acid which helps 
control growth from birth to adulthood. Genetically 
engineered HGH became available in 1985. Athletes use 
HGH to develop bigger muscles and then take steroids to 
strengthen the muscles. The drug is hard to detect because 
it passes out of the body in less than 45 minutes.
The newest wave of performance enhancement is through a blood substitute 
called Hemopure. The effect of using Hemopure is similar to the effect of EPO. 
However, there is no current test that can detect Hemopure in the blood.