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IELTS Grammar: cause and effect
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Here are some useful phrases for describing causes and effects (for IELTS Writing
Task 2 and maybe Speaking Part 3). I'll use the topic of 'global warming' to show how
the phrases work.
1. Cause - Effect
Pollution
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causes
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global warming.
Pollution
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leads to
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global warming.
Pollution
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results in
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global warming.
Pollution
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is the main cause of
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global warming.
Factories pollute the atmosphere.
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As a result
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, global warming is occurring.
2. Effect - Cause
Global warming
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is caused by
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pollution.
Global warming
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is the result of
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pollution.
Global warming
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is due to
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pollution.
Global warming
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occurs as a result of
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pollution.
Notice the different uses of 'result' (results in, is the result of, as a result). Students
make a lot of mistakes with these phrases.
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