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Pathology of lung, upper airways and pleura
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səhifə | 1/10 | tarix | 22.03.2024 | ölçüsü | 26,16 Kb. | | #183057 |
| pathology-of-lung-upper-airways-and-pleura Pathology of lung, pleura and upper airways - Assoc. Professor Jan Laco, MD, PhD
Summary - 1. Atelectasis
- 2. Obstructive lung diseases
- 3. Restrictive lung diseases
- 4. Vascular lung diseases
- 5. Pulmonary infections
- 6. Lung tumors
- 7. Pleural lesions
- 8. Lesions of upper RT
Atelectasis - = inadequate expansion of airspaces (collapse)
- ventilation - perfusion imbalance – hypoxia
- 1. resorption atelectasis
- obstruction of airway – air resoption
- mucous / mucopurulent plug - bronchial asthma
- foreign body aspiration
- bronchogenic carcinoma, enlarged LN (TBC,…)
- 2. compression atelectasis
- pleural effusions, pneumothorax, ascites
Summary - 1. Atelectasis
- 2. Obstructive lung diseases
- 3. Restrictive lung diseases
- 4. Vascular lung diseases
- 5. Pulmonary infections
- 6. Lung tumors
- 7. Pleural lesions
- 8. Lesions of upper RT
Obstructive lung diseases - resistance due to parcial / complete obstruction at any level
- TLC + FVC normal
- x expiratory flow rate (FEV1)
- 1. bronchial asthma
- 2. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2a. emphysema
- 2b. chronic bronchitis / bronchiolitis
- 3. bronchiectasis
- 4. cystic fibrosis
Bronchial asthma - = episodic reversible bronchospasm
- basis: tracheobronchial hyperreactivity chronic inflammation of bronchi
- incidence: 7-10% children + 5% adults
- early onset
- dyspnea, cough, wheezing ~ hours
- expiratory difficulty lung hyperinflation
- status asthmaticus ~ days fatal
Bronchial asthma - 1. extrinsic asthma
- type I hypersensitivity reaction to extrinsic antigens
- most common, familial predisposition
- diet proteins, herbal pollen, animal hair, mites
- 2. intrinsic asthma
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