Preface to the lecture, 1

172

 

unification of the interactions

 

Auxiliary terms (description of quantum properties):

 

* mass * charge * temperature * Planck's quantum of action

 

 

Structure of the fundamental field equation 5.7 (fig. 5.1):

 

 

Fig. 8.2:    Unified theory

 

*

 

electromagnetic interaction (open field lines) 

*

 

gravitation (closed field lines) 

*

 

strong interaction (does not exist) 

*

 

weak interaction (only special aspect) 

 

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unified theory

 

173

 

8.2 Unification of the interactions

 

The discovery and introduction of the hydromagnetic field makes the desired unification 

possible, because the electromagnetic resp. Maxwell field, which describes the electro- 

magnetic interaction, and the hydrogravitational field of the gravitation can be derived 

from this field as a consequence of the formation of quanta.

 

The kind of the interaction is caused by the course of the field lines of the field quanta

 

which form as spherical vortices: the open field lines make the electromagnetic interaction

 

possible. And the field, lines with a closed course lead to gravitation. Both are a direct

 

result of the field dependent speed of light. A more perfect unification seems hardly

 

possible.

 

As the next step the unification with the strong and the weak interaction is required, but it

 

could be shown that those don't exist at all. It just concerns misinterpretations with much

 

fantasy, which should help explain the difference between a wrong theory and the physical

 

reality. 

Numerous auxiliary terms for the description of the quantum properties exist, like for 

instance mass, charge or Planck's quantum of action. The prerequisite for their usability 

naturally is the existence of the quanta. But until these have found to a physical reality, the 

auxiliary terms are unnecessary. The hydromagnetic field does not know quanta, quantum 

properties or auxiliary descriptions. It will be shown that, according to expectation, also 

the temperature is a typical quantum property, which comes within the group of the 

auxiliary terms. In this way also the temperature is fitted into the unified theory without 

compulsion.

 

Without the by us for reasons of usefulness introduced auxiliary terms the fundamental 

field equation is left with its description of a spatial-temporal principle. If a world

 

equation should exist, then this field equation 5.7 has the best prerequisites. 

For the fundamental field equation the division in four parts is repeated like already for the 

hydromagnetic field (fig. 8.1). It likewise consists of four individual parts, the wave (b), 

the two vortex phenomena (c and d) and the time independent term (e) (fig. 8.2). Whereas 

the duality still is combined in the wave, it comes to light clearly for the vortices to again 

be combined in the fourth case. Here arise however potentials and currents, which again 

can react and oscillate with each other, for instance as L-C-resonant circuit in an electronic 

circuit, with which the principle is repeated.

 

This principle is shown clearer for the phenomenon of the temperature as in all other 

cases. If we start at the top in the picture in fig. 8.2 we have an electromagnetic wave, 

which is absorbed and thus becomes a vortex. If the vortex falls apart, then eddy losses are 

formed. We observe that the temperature rises and propagates in the well-known manner. 

We have arrived in the bottom box, but this again can be taken as the top box for the now 

following process, because the equation of heat conduction is a vortex equation of type c 

or d! We discover a self-similarity:

 

The spatial-temporal principle formulated mathematically by the fundamental 

field equation can be carried over into itself time and again.________________

 

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174

 

Temperature

 

 

a.  at absolute zero temperature: 

 

b.  if thermally excited: 

 

Fig.  8.3:                Temperature  as an oscillation of size for the 

speed of light depending on field strength 

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unified theory

 

175

 

8.3 Temperature

 

Following the atomic view, in the case of heat it concerns kinetic energy of the molecules, 

which carry out more or less violent oscillations. In the case of gaseous materials with this

 

concept, basing on mechanical models, actually successful calculations are possible, like 

for instance the speed distribution of gases won by Maxwell from theoretical considera- 

tions concerning probability.

 

But the attempt to apply the formulas of the kinetic theory of gases to solids and liquids 

only succeeds, if additional supplements and improvements are introduced. Since at all 

events it concerns temperature, thus the same physical quantity, of course also an uniform 

interpretation should be demanded, which in addition should stand in full accord to the 

presented design of an integrated theory (TOE).

 

Against the background of the new theory of objectivity we consider, what happens, if for 

instance the local field strength is increased by a flying past particle. The matter located at 

this point is contracted for a short time. By coming closer to each other, the individual 

elementary vortices mutually reinforce their field and are further compressed. Sometime 

this process comes to a standstill, is reversed and swings back.

 

At the same time every single particle, which in this way carries out an oscillation of size, 

has an effect on its neighbours with its field, to also stimulate these to the same oscillation, 

but delayed by some time. This phenomenon spreads in all directions. The propagation 

only will become stationary, if all neighbouring elementary vortices pulsate with the same 

amplitude. It now should be recorded:

 

The oscillation of contraction of the elementary vortices we call temperature.

 

Also this thermodynamic state variable therefore is a result of the variable speed of light. 

At the absolute zero of temperature no oscillation takes place anymore, whereas the upper 

limit lies in infinity. Since the cause for temperature represents an oscillation of the local 

electromagnetic field strength around the cosmic field strength, the following phenomena 

must be considered as excitation and cause, as dictated by the fundamental field equation 

5.7:

 

1. 

Electromagnetic waves (b) are able to stimulate matter particles to synchronous oscilla- 

tions of contraction by their alternating field. In doing so energy in form of heat is 

transferred to the particles, with the result that their temperature is increased. The wave 

is absorbed completely, if the thermal oscillation corresponds with the frequency of the 

wave.

 

We speak of thermal radiation.

 

2. 

But also the two dual vortices, the eddy current (c) and the potential vortex (d) can 

cause oscillations of contraction. This immediately becomes clear, if we consider a 

vortex as the special case of the wave, in which the oscillation takes place around a 

more or less stationary vortex centre. In the case of the decay of vortices, of the 

transition of energy from vortices to matter, the increase in temperature is measurable.

 

In the case of this process of diffusion we speak of eddy losses and of loss heat.

 

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