Prokaryotes are widespread on Earth

Bacteria have various strategies for survival.

• Prokaryotes exchange genes during conjugation.

• conjugation bridge

• TEM; magnification 6000x

• Bacteria may survive by forming endospores.

Pili in Conjugation

• Hairlike structures that help them attach to surfaces and allow for transfer of genetic material between two bacteria

Sticky Bacterial Capsule

• Prevents drying out, allows it to attach to other surfaces, prevents it from being engulfed, & shelters it from antibiotics

Flagella

• Bacteria that are motile have appendages called flagella
• A bacteria can have one or many flagella

• Monotrichous

• Lophotrichous

• Amphitrichous

• Peritrichous

Clicker Question!

• What domain can be found in harsh environments like: Undersea volcanic vents, acidic hot springs, salty water?
• A: Bacteria
• B: Archaea
• C: Eukarea

Clicker Question!

• Some bacteria gain energy from the sun (cyanobacteria), but the rest have to gain energy by consuming other organisms. These are called:
• A. Homotrophs
• B. Heteroeaters
• C. Heterotrophs
• D. Homoconsumers

Clicker Question!

• What structure does this bacterium use for motility?
• A: Flagella
• B: Cilia
• C: Pili

Clicker Question!

• Which type of bacteria is susceptible to antibiotics?
• A: Gram Positive (Dark Purple)
• B: Gram Negative (Light Pink)