Quantum Level

History

• Loadstones (Fe3O4)
• Steels
• Alnicos (Al, Ni, Co, and Fe)
• Ferrites
• Rare-Earth
• Samarium-Cobalt
• Neodymium-Iron-Boron

Quantum Level

• Quantum Level

• Spinning and Orbiting Electrons

• Hysteresis Loop

• Crystal Structure

• Tetragonal Symmetry

• Rare-Earth Element

• High Curie Temperature
• High Magnetization
• High Coercivity
• High Remanence

Classifications

• Classifications

• Bonded
• Compressing a mixture of NdFeB alloy flakes with a resin bonding agent
• Sintered
• Powdered alloy (3-5 micrometers) is aligned in an electromagnetic coil, pressed into shape, and then sintered at 1000 degrees Celsius

• High Corrosion Factor

• Types of coatings
• Aluminum ion deposition
• Nickel plating
• Epoxy-resin Painting
• Electrolytic Deposition

Aerospace

• Aerospace

• Frictionless Couplings
• Auto Compass

• Automotive

• Medical

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Dentures
• Wound Closures
• Optical Implants

• Domestic

• Head sets
• Electric Clocks
• Hearing Aids

• Electronic Instrumentation

• Sensors
• Servo Motors (robotics)

Buschow, K.H.J., Feijen, F.H. and de Kort, Kees. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. “Rare earth permanent magnets.” North-Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1995. 9-12.

• Buschow, K.H.J., Feijen, F.H. and de Kort, Kees. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. “Rare earth permanent magnets.” North-Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1995. 9-12.

• Callister, William D. Materials Science and Engineering an Introduction. 6th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2003.

• Cassar, Victor. Australian Magnet Technology Pty Ltd. 2003.

• Coey, J.M.D. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. “Rare-earth magnets.” North-Holland: Elsevier Science Ltd., 1995. 146-151.

• Croat, J.J. and Herbst, J.F. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. “Neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets.” North-Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1991. 57-78.