Interaction of radiation with matter
The interaction of radiation with matter leads to the excitation and ionisation of the target
material (tissue). The measurement of the absorbed energy is known as dosimetry. In SI units, the
unit of absorbed dose is the Gray (Gy), where one Gy = one Joule of absorbed energy per kg
material (J kg
-1
). The effects of dissipating radiation energy in the target tissue include:
temperature increase (highly sensitive calorimetry is the only primary method for
measuring dose from a radioactive source)
excitation and ionisation of atoms
the breaking of chemical bonds
biological effects
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