Regent’s Warm-Up What is the electron configuration of a sulfur atom in the ground state? (1) 2–4 (3) 2–8–4 (2) 2–6 (4) 2–8–6
Regent’s Warm-Up What is the electron configuration of a sulfur atom in the ground state? (1) 2–4 (3) 2–8–4 (2) 2–6 (4) 2–8–6
Oxidation Reduction Reactions Purifying metals (e.g. Al, Na, Li) Producing gases (e.g. Cl2, O2, H2) Electroplating metals Electrical production (batteries, fuel cells)
Oxidation Reduction Reactions Example: 2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s) O2 is the OXIDIZING AGENT Mg gains oxygen and is oxidized
Oxidation Reduction Reactions Classical Definitions Example: CuO(aq) + H2(g) Cu(s) + H2O(l) H2 is the REDUCING AGENT CuO loses oxygen and is reduced
Oxidation Reduction Reactions Current Definitions Take into account the charge of the ions and atoms involved in the reaction Oxidation – the Loss of Electrons Example: 2Mg0 + O20 2Mg+2O-2 The oxidation # of Mg goes from 0 to +2 Since Mg0 lost 2e-s, Mg0 is OXIDIZED
Oxidation Reduction Reactions Current Definitions Example: Cu+2O-2 + H20 Cu0 + H2+1O-2 If you look closely oxygen is not reacting, its oxidation # stays the same (-2) Copper goes from Cu+2 to Cu0 Copper gains 2e-s & is REDUCED Cu+2 + 2e-s Cu0
Oxidation Reduction Reactions What is the MAIN difference between the definitions? *Oxygen is NOT required in the current definition*
Oxidation Reduction Reactions Oxidation and Reduction reactions are opposite processes that occur simultaneously For something to lose an electron there must be something else that wants to gain that electron
Oxidation Reduction Reactions Loss of Electrons is Oxidation Gain of Electrons is Reduction
Oxidation Reduction Reactions The substance that loses electrons is OXIDIZED and is the REDUCING AGENT
Oxidation Reduction Reactions Which half-reaction correctly represents reduction? 1. Ag --> Ag+ + e- 2. Au3+ + 3e- --> Au 3. F2 --> 2 F- + 2e- 4. Fe2+ + e- --> Fe3+
Oxidation Reduction Reactions Given the balanced equation representing a redox reaction: 2Al + 3Cu2+ --> 2Al3+ + 3Cu Which statement is true about this reaction? 1. Each Al loses 2e- and each Cu2+ gains 3e-. 2. Each Al3+ gains 2e- and each Cu loses 3e-. 3. Each Al loses 3e- and each Cu2+ gains 2e-. 4. Each Al3+ gains 3e- and each Cu loses 2e-.
Oxidation Reduction Reactions Given the reaction shown: Which species undergoes oxidation? 1. Mg(s) 2. Cl-(aq) 3. H+(aq) 4. H2(g)
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