remus.shidler.hawaii.edu
Rem (pronounced Rehm) = Saxon clan name for those who punch holes (in people using spears). Lots of Rem in Bavaria and Saxony from 1300. Rem (pronounced Rehm) = Saxon clan name for those who punch holes (in people using spears). Lots of Rem in Bavaria and Saxony from 1300.-us A Latin suffix added by those with the church and universities around 1500 (very fashionable). The name links Remus directly to villages near Dresden, Saxony.
Follow the trails of the Germans migrating out of Germany into Poland and Volhynia Follow the trails of the Germans migrating out of Germany into Poland and VolhyniaTalk about how they lived and why they migrated.
Lightly populated initially with Wends and Kashubians Lightly populated initially with Wends and KashubiansGradual inflow of Germans inland for farmingCooperative arrangements withWend and Kashubian nobilityMerged later with East Prussia, Brandenburg, and Silesia to form Prussia
The Swedes fought the joined Russians, Poles, and Prussians across northern Poland. The Swedes fought the joined Russians, Poles, and Prussians across northern Poland.The Swedes lost but more than one third of the Poles died.The Polish nobility recruited Germans to fill the jobs of the deceased Poles – these were mostly on manorial farms.
Schulz - village headFarm Workers (inheritable, irrevocable work contracts)*Farm Workers (annual work contracts)*Millers and Krügers (grain processors and brewers)*Blacksmiths and craftsmen *Schoolmasters*Day laborers *Shepherds*Household laborers and maidservants. (* grew their own food in a small garden)
Soon the manorial farms were fully manned and the nobles devised a better way to make money. Namely, take vacant land and allow a German to recruit farmers and establish a village (and pay rent, usually in rye). Soon the manorial farms were fully manned and the nobles devised a better way to make money. Namely, take vacant land and allow a German to recruit farmers and establish a village (and pay rent, usually in rye).
Schulz - village head Schulz - village headFarmers (inheritable lease) *Farmers (annual lease) *Millers and Krügers (grain processors and brewers)*Farmers who were also blacksmiths and craftsmen *Farmers who were also schoolmasters *Day laborers *Shepherds * (* grew their own food and clothes)
Rye? Rye?Hemp?Flax?Potatoes?Wheat?Livestock?
Grow flax and separate the grain from stem Grow flax and separate the grain from stemBerries provides oil, breakfast, and fodderImmerse stem in water until casing breaksSpin into yarn (and dye?)Weave into ClothWear or Sell (Involves whole family)
Thin and beautiful girl? Thin and beautiful girl?Big Bones and Strong Girl?Young girl (for example, 16)?High School Graduate?Second Cousin or a Relative?Girl from family in the same occupation?Girl from big family?
Lutheran Church? Lutheran Church?Catholic Church?They weren't baptized?
Have healthy male children? Have healthy male children?Have healthy female children?Have a healthy spouse?Be healthy yourself?Wife has supportive family?
The small farmer had a house, outbuildings, land for a small garden, and land for cash crops such as rye, barley, or oats in the old days (and potatoes since 1750). Also hemp and flax for clothing. The small farmer also had access to the commons. The small farmer would pay his rent in grain. The small farmer had a house, outbuildings, land for a small garden, and land for cash crops such as rye, barley, or oats in the old days (and potatoes since 1750). Also hemp and flax for clothing. The small farmer also had access to the commons. The small farmer would pay his rent in grain. To be successful, the farmer needed a capable wife to share the tasks and children.The farmer’s male children were his social security.
The families involved themselves? The families involved themselves?The lord of the manor if manorial farm?The schulz (mayor)?A jury of your peers?
Why did everyone know the date that Saint Martin’s birthday was celebrated (November 11)? Why did everyone know the date that Saint Martin’s birthday was celebrated (November 11)?
Saxony SaxonyNeumarkSilesiaPommern(Saxony was known for its flax growing and Silesia for its weaving)
Because Russia, Prussia, and Austria wanted more land? Because Russia, Prussia, and Austria wanted more land?Because the Polish government was malfunctioning?Because there was religious oppression of non-Catholics?
Recruited widely in 1772 and 1795 Recruited widely in 1772 and 1795Some incentives providedGood success in 1795 attracting Germans from Wurttemberg, Bavaria, and SaxonyInitial homesteads often were inadequate
Now an expanded view of Prussia, Russia, and Austria in 1795 (and no Poland)
When Russia took over central Poland, many of the Polish and Russian nobles began to set up and recruit Germans for cloth making villages on their land (and collect rent). This was particularly true in the sandy region of central Poland like around Lodz. (Flax grows well in sand). When Russia took over central Poland, many of the Polish and Russian nobles began to set up and recruit Germans for cloth making villages on their land (and collect rent). This was particularly true in the sandy region of central Poland like around Lodz. (Flax grows well in sand).
In 1831 the Polish rose up against the Russians. This made life unsafe for Germans and destroyed the market for their cottage industry cloth. In 1831 the Polish rose up against the Russians. This made life unsafe for Germans and destroyed the market for their cottage industry cloth. The nobility in Volhynia invited the cloth makers to set up industry there.
These folks seem mostly to been cloth makers from Russian Poland, particularly from cloth-making areas in central Russian Poland. These folks seem mostly to been cloth makers from Russian Poland, particularly from cloth-making areas in central Russian Poland.These folks were previously from Prussian Poland cloth making areas (that is northern Poland).They were more previously drawn to Prussian Poland from cloth-making areas in Wurtemburg, Silesia and Saxony soon after the partition.
The uprising of 1831 made the Prussians become concerned about Prussian areas of Poland. Thus, many German settlers were brought into Posen and West Prussia areas. The uprising of 1831 made the Prussians become concerned about Prussian areas of Poland. Thus, many German settlers were brought into Posen and West Prussia areas.
In 1863 there was another and nastier Polish Uprising. The Russian troops suppressed it. In 1863 there was another and nastier Polish Uprising. The Russian troops suppressed it.Meanwhile, the serfs had been freed in Volhynia and they left the manorial farms there. So the nobles began to sell the land causing a much larger migration.
They came from Russian Poland seeking safety and farm land to purchase. They came from Russian Poland seeking safety and farm land to purchase.They also came from areas like West Prussia and Pommern where the land was fully farmed and available only by lease.
After 1850, West Prussia and Pommern became overpopulated and the economic conditions got really bad. After 1850, West Prussia and Pommern became overpopulated and the economic conditions got really bad.This led to major migrations of these people not only to Volhynia but to the Midwest US and the rest of the world.
The farmer had a house, outbuildings, land for a small garden, and land for cash crops such as rye, barley, or oats. The farmer also had access to the commons. The farmer would pay his mortgage usually with money. The farmer had a house, outbuildings, land for a small garden, and land for cash crops such as rye, barley, or oats. The farmer also had access to the commons. The farmer would pay his mortgage usually with money. To be successful, the farmer needed a capable wife to share the tasks and children.
Circular like a meadow in the woods? Circular like a meadow in the woods?Rectangular (twice as long as wide)?Rectangular (6 furrows wide and 1000 feet long)?
Schulz – elected village head Schulz – elected village headFarmers (owned land) *Farmers (leased land from other farmers) *Millers and Krügers (grain processors and brewers)*Day laborers *Smiths and craftsmen *Schoolmasters *Shepherds * (* grew their own food and still flax and hemp for clothes)
Lutheran Chapel or Lutheran Church? Lutheran Chapel or Lutheran Church?Catholic Church?Russian or Ukrainian Orthodox Church?They weren't baptized?
At the bigger towns in the region? At the bigger towns in the region?In the village at the chapel?They didn’t?
The Russian Government became worried about the Germans living in Russia so introduced a program of Russification where everyone must: The Russian Government became worried about the Germans living in Russia so introduced a program of Russification where everyone must:Learn the Russian LanguageGo to Russian Orthodox ChurchServe in the Russian Army.
A mass migration of Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish Germans as well as Poles and Ukrainians to the US, the Americas, and Australia. A mass migration of Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish Germans as well as Poles and Ukrainians to the US, the Americas, and Australia.
Land of the Celts - prior to 400 BC Land of the Celts - prior to 400 BCThe arrival of the Germanic Tribes
As noted earlier, Germans voluntarily and involuntarily were in Russian Poland As noted earlier, Germans voluntarily and involuntarily were in Russian PolandCloth-maker villages established around Lodz ca 1820 and Germans invitedCloth Production mechanizedThe Poles revolted in 1833
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