DAMASk roSeS
were brought back to Europe
by returning crusaders in the 12th and 13th centuries
and found to be hardy in northern gardens. They are
an ancient rose group thought to originate with the
Persians from a cross between a Gallica rose and
R. phoenicea. The petals were used to make perfume.
‘Autumn Damask’ is the only cultivar to bloom twice
a year, with references dating back to
Greek and Roman cultures. ‘Kazanlik’ is
the only damask rose grown in the Veter-
ans Memorial Rose Garden, and its natu-
ral growth habit is coarse and wild. The
foliage is grey, downy and soft to the
touch. The rest of the plant is highly
thorny and difficult to handle. Its flower
fragrance is not strong in our climate.
Madame Plantier
4
AlbA roSeS
are an ancient group of roses thought to be a
cross between a Damask or Gallica rose and R. canina. They may
have been brought to Britain by the Romans, and they appear in
paintings from the Middle Ages. These are tough, large rose
shrubs, 6 feet or more with mounding growth habit and soft
gray-green foliage. Flowers are delicate white, blush or pink, and
mostly fragrant. ‘Madame Plantier’ is an Alba/Noisette hybrid
that thrives in the Veterans Memorial Rose Garden.
3Kazanlik
5
centifoliA (provence) roSeS
, based on
R. x centifolia and its hybrids, were developed by Dutch
breeders in the 15th and 16th centuries, possibly later.
They have an awkward growth habit, coarse, dark-green
foliage prone to powdery mildew, and many thorns. The
flowers are highly double, pink, fragrant, and cabbage-
like in form. Centifolia roses are not recommended as
being sufficiently heat-tolerant for the Veterans Memorial
Rose Garden.
MoSS roSeS
apparently developed as a sport of a
Centifolia rose in the early 18th century. They are known
for their highly developed prickles, found on the stems, fo-
liage, flower buds, and hips. These prickles may be soft or
bristly. ‘Henri Martin’ is reportedly more heat tolerant than
other moss roses.
6Mutabilis
chinA roSeS
are different from the earliest
types of roses because they flower in repeating cy-
cles. Early China roses are thought to have devel-
oped from R. chinensis and R. gigantea. Roses of
hybrid form are documented in artifacts dating to
the 10th century, with European introduction in
the late 18th century from trade by the British East
India Company. The shrubby growth habit is airy,
with slender, twiggy growth and few thorns. Fo-
liage is sparse with pointed leaves and a shiny
surface. New growth is often red on both the
leaves and stems. Blooms are casual in form and
intensify in color as they age. Growth is stronger
and larger in warm climates. ‘Comtesse du Cayla’,
‘Cramoisi Supérieur’ and ‘Mutabilis’ are China
roses grown in the Veterans Memorial Rose
Garden. ‘Climbing Cécile Brünner’ is consid-
ered either a China or a Polyantha rose, depend-
ing on source.
5Comtesse du Calya
Cramoisi Supérieur
4
3Henri Martin
6
portlAnD roSeS
devel-
oped in France in the late 18th cen-
tury. They are thought to have
Damask, Gallica, and possibly China
parentage. They are small, upright
shrubs with a strong Damask resem-
blance, repeat flowering, and
Damask fragrance. Flower stems are
short, with a tight cluster of leaves
just below the bloom. ‘Rose de
Rescht’ is reportedly more heat toler-
ant than other
Portland roses.
Rose de Rescht
4
bourbon roSeS
came from a chance
cross between the China ‘Old Blush’ and the
Damask ‘Quatre Saisons’ (syn. ‘Autumn
Damask’) on the Ile de Bourbon in the southern
Indian Ocean in the late 18th century to the early
19th century. They represent a transition phase
between old garden roses and modern roses.
The flowers are like old roses, and the growth
form is shrubby. However, the foliage and
stems look more like a hybrid tea, and the roses
bloom in repeating cycles. ‘Louise Odier’ and
‘Kronprinzessin Viktoria’ represent this class in
the Veterans Memorial Rose Garden.
3Kronprinzessin Viktoria
7
noiSette roSeS
arose in
Charleston, South Carolina, in the
late 18th century, when John
Champneys, a rice grower, collected
seeds from a crossing between the
China ‘Old Blush’ and R. moschata.
His neighbor, Phillipe Noisette, con-
tinued crossing these seedlings and
sent them back to France. Many of
these are large climbers with contin-
uous flowering through the grow-
ing season. Their growth is refined
and delicate, with fragrant old rose
style blooms. They are less hardy
than other classes but do well in the
warm Southeast. ‘Céline Forestier’
represents this class in the Veterans
Memorial Rose Garden.
5Céline Forestier
teA roSeS
developed in China about the same time as the hybrid
perpetual roses in the early 19th century. They developed from a cross be-
tween ‘Hume’s Blush China’ and ‘Park’s Yellow Tea Scented China’. The
early tea roses were part of an active breeding program in China at the
time the East India Company exported much tea to Great Britain. The
story is that these roses were named for their tea-like fragrance, but it is
just as plausible that they acquired the name because they were often
shipped with tea. Yellow flowers came from this breeding program, and
tea roses became a parent of the hybrid tea class. Tea roses developed a
high-centered bud form that was carried into the hybrid teas, but the
growth habit is twiggy and airy, and the floral
stems are slender and weak like China roses.
Tea roses prefer a warmer climate than Eng-
land’s, where it developed as a hot-house
plant. ‘Duchesse de Brabant’ is a tea rose in the
Veterans Memorial Rose Garden.
3Duchesse de Brabant
8
Dostları ilə paylaş: |