RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF
SCIENCES
National Geophysical Committee
RUSSIAN NATIONAL REPORT
Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences
2011–2014
for the XXVI General Assembly
of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
(Prague,
Czech Republic, june 22 – july 2, 2015)
МОСКВА – 2015
Preface
This report of the Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences Section (MASS)
of the Russian National Geophysical Committee presents information on atmos‑
pheric research in 2011–2014 in Russia. It was prepared for the General Assem‑
bly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) which in‑
cludes the International Association of Meteorology
and Atmospheric Sciences
(IAMAS). This MASS report is based on reviews of 10 National Commissions:
1. Atmospheric Chemistry (Chairman I. K. Larin, Institute of Energy Prob‑
lems and Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences);
2. Atmospheric Electricity (Chairman V. N. Stasenko, State Research Center
“Planeta”);
3. Atmospheric Ozone (Chairman N. F. Elansky, A. M. Obukhov Institute of
Atmospheric Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences);
4. Climate (Chairman I. I. Mokhov, A. M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospher‑
ic Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences);
5. Clouds and Precipitation (Chairman N. A. Bezrukova, Central Aerologi‑
cal Observatory);
6. Dynamic Meteorology (Chairman M. V. Kurgansky, A. M. Obukhov In‑
stitute of Atmospheric Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences);
7. Middle Atmosphere (Chairman A. A. Krivolutsky, Central Aerological
Observatory);
8. Planetary Atmospheres (Chairman O. I. Korablev, Space Research Insti‑
tute of the Russian Academy of Sciences);
9. Polar Meteorology (Chairman A. I. Danilov, Arctic and Antarctic Re‑
search Institute);
10. Radiation (Chairman Yu. M. Timofeyev, St. Petersburg State University).
Previous MASS report was published in 2011
1
.
Igor I. Mokhov
MASS Chairman
1
Russian National Report. Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences. 2007–2010.
Ed. By I. I. Mokhov and A. A. Krivolutsky. National Geophysical Committee RAS,
MAKS Press, Moscow, 2011, 213 p.
Atmospheric Chemistry
I. K. Larin
Institute of Energy Problems
of Chemical Physics RAS
ilarin@yandex.ru
A brief overview of the work of Russian scientists in the field of atmospher‑
ic chemistry in 2011–2014 years, including work on the chemistry of the tropo‑
sphere, the chemistry of the ozone layer and on the role of chemistry in climate
change is presented. Review has been prepared in the Commission on atmos‑
pheric chemistry and global pollution meteorology and atmospheric sciences
section of the national Geophysics Committee. Key words: chemical processes,
the troposphere, the stratosphere, climate.
Note first of all that in 2012 the work “Russian research in atmospheric chem‑
istry in 2007–2010” was presented [1].
1. Chemistry of the troposphere
In the area researchs of elementary processes of tropospheric chemistry of
compounds of natural and anthropogenic origin has been continued. So, in [2]
method of resonance fluorescence in the flowing reactor were used to measure
the rate constants of homogeneous reactions of chlorine atoms with C
3
F
7
I (k
I
)
and CF
3
I (k
II
): k
I
= (5.2 ± 0.3)∙10
–12
molecule
‑1
cm
3
s
‑1
, k
II
= (7.4 ± 0.6)∙10
–13
mol‑
ecule
‑1
cm
3
s
‑1
. In [3] the reaction of Cl + CH
3
I has been investgated, which, as it
turns out, occurs on the walls of the reactor.
“Proceeding on a wall” in a range of temperatures 298–363 K there was also
reaction CO + IO [4]. C
3
F
7
I, CF
3
I and CH
3
I are used in quality firefighting means
and in itself (despite presence of atoms of iodine) do not represent danger to
ozone layer owing to the short atmospheric lifetime which is insufficient for
achievement of heights of the stratosphere. It is not excluded, however, that as a
result of reactions with atoms of chlorine more long-living components which
can be dangerous to the ozone layer of the Earth are formed. We will specify also
in work [5] in which reaction of atoms of fluorine with pentafluoropropionic acid
has been studied by mass spectral methods at temperatures 262–343 at which the
basic products are HF, C
2
F
5
and CO
2
. In other work of these authors have been
similarly studied the mechanism and kinetics reactions of atoms of fluorine with
trifluoroacetic acid [6].
Studying of destiny of other chemically active particle of troposphere — rad‑
icals OH — has been devoted the work [7] in which interaction of radicals OH
with carbonaceous surfaces in the top troposphere has been investigated. It was
revealed, that the factor of absorption OH poorly depends on temperature, being