overall? These questions are considerations for future research, however we conclude that OTG is more
maintainable than ISSAF, due to its higher revision activity.
Similarly, Usability is measured
by its sub-characteristic, Readability. Readability is significant as a sub-
characteristic of usability primarily because the penetration testing frameworks evaluated in this research are
documents, therefore if a document is not readable, usability is affected. Readability is concerned with the level
of difficulty to read or comprehend written text (Ludger & Gottron, 2012). There are a number of ways to
measure vocabulary difficulty and sentence length to predict the difficulty level of
text resulting in various
readability formulae in use today (DuBay, 2004). One such formula known as the Gunning Fog Index (GFI),
was published by Gunning (1952, p. 36), developed specifically for adults. Fog index attempts to estimate the
number of years of education that is required by the reader in order to understand the text at first reading, for
example a GFI score of 10 would indicate that ten years of formal schooling is required to understand the text.
The formula works with two variables; first, the average sentence length (ASL), and second,
the number of
words with more than two syllables for each one hundred words (PHW). Finally the result is multiplied by 0.4
(DuBay, 2004), thus produces the formula: Grade Level (GL) = 0.4 (ASL + PHW).
Table 5: Fog Index Scores
Framework
ISSAF
OTG
GFI Score
7.7
11
Results were obtained using an automated tool that calculates various readability scores, among them GFI score.
The readability score automation tool is available for public use released as an open source project ("Readility-
Score," 2015).
From table 5 it is clear that ISSAF is more readable than OTG. Taking into consideration the intended users of
both frameworks it can be safely assumed that a security practitioner would have a minimum of 11 years formal
schooling therefore readability scores for both frameworks are sufficient.
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