Seminar typology of grammatical categories in english and native languages

SEMINAR 8. TYPOLOGY OF GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES IN ENGLISH AND NATIVE LANGUAGES

Exercise 1. Answer the questions

1. 
   What do you mean by "synthetic structure"?
   
2. 
   What do you mean by "analytic structure"?
   
3. 
   What do you mean by "typological category"?
   
4. 
   What do you mean by "grammatical means"?
   

5. 
   What are primary grammatical categories?
   
6. 
   What are secondary grammatical categories?
   
7. 
   What do you understand by "sems"?
   

Exercise 2. Classify the following statement

1. 
   Notional verbs
   
2. 
   Semi notional verbs
   
3. 
   The active voice
   
4. 
   The passive voice
   
5. 
   Mood
   

1. 
   are functional verbs which with the help of the notional verbs form the predicate of the sentence, expressing the attitude of the speaker towards his(her) action, state or to the reality. They are modal verbs, auxiliary verbs, link verbs.
   
2. 
   have their full meaning.They can form the predicate without the help of the auxiliary or semi-notional verbs: She speaks English well. My sister lives in London.
   
3. 
   shows that the subject is the doer of the action
   
4. 
   grammatical category of specific methodological aspects and effective ways to apply them in oral and written form which indicates the attitude of the speaker towards the action expressed by the verb from the point of view of its reality
   
5. 
   shows that the grammatical subject of the sentence is acted upon by the object which is sometimes given and sometimes is not given in the sentence.
   

Activity 2. Read and fill the gaps with the given words below
Three forms Yespersen Otto Subjunctive potential
Smirnitskiy Non real action conditional Austin
(1935), Gurme G.O. (1931) classify three forms of mood: Indicative, Imperative and Subjunctive. Sweet H. A. (1892), classifies five forms of mood: Indicative, , Conditional,
Permissive and Compulsive. Smirnitsky A.I. classifies six forms of
mood: 1. Indicative (The sun rises in the East. She will translate this book), 2. Imperative (Read the letter; Be silent). 3. Subjunctive1 (I suggest that he go there; If it be so). (A.I.Smirnitsky says that in Subjunctive1 there is no meaning of impossibility). 4. Subjunctive2 (If I had time I would have come) says that in
Subjunctive2 negative meaning is expressed; in the example above given by A.I. Smirnitsky: the speaker didn’t have time to perform the action). 5 (Should you meet him, tell him to come: in this
form of the mood he considers improbable supposition). 6. Conditional (What would you answer if you were asked: A.I. Smirnitsky differs mood from Subjunctive2 saying that in conditional mood unreality is depended on non-real conditions, while in Subjunctive2 unreality is supposed from the starting -point, it is not depended on anything).
In this manual we consider it to be desirable to suggest of
mood as the majority of grammarians do: Indicative, Imperative, Subjunctive. Conditional, Potential, Subjunctive1 and Subjunctive 2 are included in the Subjunctive Mood expressing depended on the
existed conditions: non-real action not depended on existed conditions and the Subjunctive Mood expressing an emotional attitude of the speaker to real facts: It is strange I should never have heard him even mention your name ( ).


Exercise 3. Fill the gaps “YES and NO”

1. 
   The term verb comes from English: “Verbium” which means “a word”. The verb is the most complex part of speech and it is the heart of the sentence.
   
2. 
   According to combinability in English verbs can be combined with nouns, pronouns, prepositions, adverbs
   
3. 
   According to combinability verbs in the English language can be combined with nouns, pronouns and adverbs on the right hand and the verb is always used at the end of the sentence
   
4. 
   Tense formation in English can be expressed pure analytically , that is by the combination of the notional verb with the auxiliary verb , where neither the notional nor the function verb changes its sound structure
   
5. 
   Mood is the grammatical category of specific methodological aspects and effective ways to apply them in oral and written form which indicates the attitude of the speaker towards the action expressed by the verb from the point of view of its reality.
   
6. 
   English and Uzbek languages have indicative and subjunctive moods.
   
7. 
   The Indicative Mood expresses the action or state presented as a fact.
   

8. Indicative mood in English is formed analytically.

YES	NO