Simon
128
IELTS
reading exercises
Compiled by
Ulugbek Yusupov
Created by
Proper English School
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Page 20
Exercise 34
LTS Reading: more T, F, NG
Trait Theory
In psychology, trait theory (also called dispositional theory) is an approach to the study of
human personality. Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits,
which can be defined as habitual patterns of behaviour, thought, and emotion. According to
this perspective, traits are aspects of personality that are relatively stable over time, differ
across individuals (e.g. some people are outgoing whereas others are not), are relatively
consistent over situations, and influence behaviour. Traits are in contrast to states, which
are more transitory dispositions.
In some theories and systems, traits are something a person either has or does not have,
but in many others traits are dimensions such as extraversion vs. introversion, with each
person rating somewhere along this spectrum.
There are two approaches to defining traits: as internal causal properties or as purely
descriptive summaries. The internal causal definition states that traits influence our
behaviours, leading us to do things in line with that trait. On the other hand, traits as
descriptive summaries are descriptions of our actions that don't try to infer causality.
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