Smart ideas wise decisions
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ISSN 2367-5721 SocioBrains INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC REFEREED INDEXED ONLINE JOURNAL WITH IMPACT FACTOR WWW. S OCIO B RAINS.COM PUBLISHER: “SMART IDEAS – WISE DECISIONS” Ltd., BULGARIA ISSUE 22, JUNE 2016
SONYA ILIEVA 1 - 27
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It is interesting to note the fact that, according to researchers of his KKK membership grew after the inauguration of Colored the president of USA Barack Obama, as such massive interest for inclusion in the organization there has been about 100 years.
first time the term was used in 1948 by one of the Prime Ministers of South Africa - Jan Smyots. The literal translation from African (the language of the Dutch storms) apartheid means separation, split or isolation. Ie, it is the policy of dividing the population into racial South Africa. Apartheid has its roots back in the 17th century when the East India Company puts Holandsakata dividing line between white and colored, hiring the robot only white people. He developed centuries as an important point in this process is the adoption in 1953 of the Act for certain public places, introducing separate public transport, hospitals, schools and universities beaches. Black Africans are forbidden to live in the cities of whites without special permission or even just to visit them. Created more prez1927 the Law on immorality and updated in 1950, and in 1957 introduced the strict separation of South Africans - sexual relations between whites and blacks is absolutely prohibited, as violated the law provides 7 godshna sentence. In addition, established and other rules prohibiting non-whites to participate in government; not to pursue professions in areas foresee for whites; in such areas non-whites can reside only pass; whites and non-whites must use different vehicles Means - both personal and public transport Only in 1990 under President Frederik de Klerk began full reform degradation of apartheid from the state system. Establish a new constitution and the first free elections based on it is selected fighter for racial and civil freedom Nelson Mandela.
3. kinship; 4. race; 5. nationality; 6. language; 7. culture; 8. religion; 9. history; 10. territory. The members of the ethnic group belonging to realize it, but people outside recognize its separateness. Leading or even cover ethnicity named as the state and nation and language. For example, of the title ethnic Bulgarians - a country Bulgaria, official languages - Bulgarian language. Countries that have a federative (USA, India) or Confederate (Switzerland) type of management no cover ethnicity. It is important to note that the concept of ethnicity is not covered by the concept of race - often one ethnic group is a mixture of races and sub-races. Processes leading to the formation of ethnicity are: Consolidation - connection of
ISSN 2367-5721 SocioBrains INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC REFEREED INDEXED ONLINE JOURNAL WITH IMPACT FACTOR WWW. S OCIO B RAINS.COM PUBLISHER: “SMART IDEAS – WISE DECISIONS” Ltd., BULGARIA ISSUE 22, JUNE 2016
SONYA ILIEVA 1 - 27
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The process which leads to the emergence of ethnicity is called ethnogenesis from Greek ἔθνορ – people, nation and γένεζιρ – origin. Very interesting and provocative gaze is DESI KARAVELIKOVA for ethnogenesis of Bulgarian ethnicity in terms of extensive DNA research. According to her, the Bulgarians have a connection between a Basques, Georgians, Druze and North American tribes. There is a very close relationship between Bulgarians and Romanians etc. Currently, representatives of the Bulgarian ethnic group living outside Bulgaria, especially in Albania, Bessarabia, Greece, Macedonia, Malaysia, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Turkey, Ukraine, Hungary. Within the immigrant diaspora many ethnic Bulgarians live in: Australia, Austria, Argentina, UK, Germany, Spain, Italy, Canada, USA, Czech Republic. Historically, the Greek philosopher and historian Herodotus was the first in the 5th century BC. presents the main features of the ethnicity of the Greeks, among which are: kinship - "same blood", "speak the same language 'customs and traditions -"the same habits or life. " The first modern use of the term ethnicity or ethnic group began in 1935 and is indicated in the Oxford English dictionary in 1972. Since then today in everyday language, the words ethnic and ethnicity still connect with exotic peoples, minority issues and race relations. In the social sciences the two concepts are introduced by the German sociologist Max Weber, as their meaning is directed to human groups considered each other through the prism of the culture significant differences. DONALD NOEL developing a theory of the origin of ethnic stratification that certain relatively fixed characteristics of the group, for example, race, religion or nationality, are used as the main criterion for assigning social positions. According to him, ethnic stratification is one of many different types of social stratification. It occurs only when ethnic groups come into contact with each other and only when these groups are characterized by a high degree of ethnocentrism, competition and powerful. Supporters of the so-called. contemporary constructivism, which correlates with the emergence of ethnic movements aimed at a nation-states, among which and ERIC HOBSBAWM argued that ethnicity and notions of ethnic pride, like nationalism, are purely modern inventions, appearing only in the modern period of world history. They say that before this period ethnic homogeneity is not considered ideal or necessary factor in the creation of large-scale societies. It can be concluded that the current use of the terms ethnicity and ethnic group mainly reflect different attitudes that states have with outside groups relative to traditional population. So opposes national people with different cultural identities through migration or nyakakkav another process was carried out, for example conquest with different cultural mainstream (from English mainstream – fashion, prevailing) - the dominant perception and understanding in a given area or for a particular object; most widespread thought to which adheres majority. With ethnos and ethnicity are related to other concepts, such as:
Ethnic identity (belonging) - category related to awareness of belonging to a particular ethnic group. Recent studies show that ethnic identity plays an important role in the life of the individual. Ethnic identity not only enables people to realize their uniqueness through their group but also affects the tolerance and evaluation related to "others." The positive ethnic identity leads to a sense of respect towards other ethnic groups, ie tolerance. Yüklə 0,85 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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