Suora kerronta: Suora kerronta
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15.07.2018
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Suora kerronta:
Suora kerronta:
“I
love you
,” Ed said to Mia.
Epäsuora kerronta:
Ed told Mia (that) he loved her.
pronominit
muuttuvat
aikamuodot muuttuvat
1. “I love you.” Ed says that he loves me.
1. “I love you.” Ed says that he loves me.
2. “I’ll call you later.” He says that he’ll call me later.
Jos johtolause on preesensissä
(= nykyhetkessä), suoran kerronnan aikamuodot eivät muutu.
1. “I
like
winter.”
Liz told me she
liked
winter.
1. “I
like
winter.” Liz told me she
liked
winter.
preesens
imperfekti
2. “I
heard
you.” Bob said to Ann that he’
(d) heard
her.
imperfekti
imperfekti
tai
pluskvamperfekti
3. “You
’ve lost
weight.” Mark told me I
’d lost
weight.
perfekti
pluskvamperfekti
4. “We
’d gone
out.”
Chad told us they
’d gone
out.
pluskvamperfekti
pluskvamperfekti
(ei muutu)
5. “I
’ll do
it.” Ned promised he
’d do
it.
futuuri
konditionaali
6. “It
would be
great.”
Sue answered that it
would be
great.
6. “It
would be
great.” Sue answered that it
would be
great.
konditionaali
konditionaali
(ei muutu)
7. “I
can
finish the job.”
Joe said he
could
finish the job.
can
(preesens)
could
(imperfekti)
8. “It
may
rain later.” The weatherman said it
might
rain later.
may
(preesens, futuuri)
might
(konditionaali)
9. “I
must
go.”
John said that he
must
go/ he
had to
go.
must
(preesens)
must
(ei muutu) tai
had to
(imperfekti)
Kun asia kerrotaan myöhemmin, aika
ja paikka ovat muuttuneet
→ tietyt ilmaukset joudutaan muuttamaan.
Katso luettelo kirjan sivulta 214.
1. “The key isn’t here.”
→
Mary told us …
1. “The key isn’t here.”
→
Mary told us …
… that the key wasn’t there.
2. “I can’t do it today.”
→
Mike told us …
… that he couldn’t do it that day.
3. “I saw Peter two hours ago.”
→
Gillian said …
… that she saw / had seen Peter two hours earlier.
4. “We’ll sign the contract tomorrow.”
→
The board members said …
… that they would sign the contract the next day / the following day.
5. “I was at home last night.”
→
Alistair told the police …
… that he’d been / he was at home the night before.
6. “I have met this problem before.”
→
The therapist said …
… that he/she had met that/the problem before.
1. “Take a seat, please.”
1. “Take a seat, please.”
He asked me to take a seat.
2. “Come back inside!”
The mother told the kids to go back inside.
3. “Don’t leave me alone.”
Al begged Nora not to leave him alone.
4. “Never trust a stranger.”
Dad advised me never to trust a stranger.
Johtolauseen verbiä seuraa objekti (ketä kielletään, käsketään) ja
to
-infinitiivi.
Kieltosana (
not, never
) sijoitetaan
to
-partikkelin eteen.
1. “Help me.”
→
Andrew asked me …
1. “Help me.”
→
Andrew asked me …
… to help him.
2. “Put your books away.”
→
The teacher told us …
… to put our books away.
3. “Don’t take my kit.”
→
My brother warned me …
… not to take his kit.
4. “Don’t strain your back.”
→
The nurse told me …
… not to strain my back.
5. “Come back here soon.”
→
Mandy asked us …
... to go back there soon.
6. “Never forget my advice.”
→
Harry asked me …
… never to forget his advice.
Suora kerronta:
Suora kerronta:
“Where are you?” she asked him.
“Are you alright?” she asked him.
Epäsuora kerronta:
She asked him where he was.
She asked him if he was alright.
kysymyksen sanajärjestys muuttuu
jos
kysymyssanaa ei ole
, epäsuoran kysymyksen eteen tulee
if
tai
whether
.
1. “Where has he gone?”
1. “Where has he gone?”
Tell me where he has gone.
2. “What can I say?”
I don’t know what I can say.
3. “Why are you laughing?”
I’d like to know why you are laughing.
Epäsuorassa kysymyksessä
sanajärjestys
on
suora
→
subjekti ennen predikaattia.
7. “Are you the owner of this car?”
7. “Are you the owner of this car?”
We’d like to know if you’re the owner of this car.
8. ”Does Joe eat fish?”
I can’t remember whether Joe eats fish.
9. “Did she say anything?”
Do you know if she said anything?
1. “Why are you smiling?”
→
Can you tell me …
1. “Why are you smiling?”
→
Can you tell me …
… why you are smiling?
2. “What are you hiding behind your back?”
→
Show me …
… what you are hiding behind your back.
3. “Where did you buy these?”
→
Aren’t you going to tell me …
… where you bought these?
4. “What do these roses mean?”
→
I wonder …
… what these roses mean.
5. “Does this necklace look good on me?”
→
Tell me …
... if/whether this necklace looks good on me.
6. “Do people still wear such jewellery?”
→
I wonder …
… if people still wear such jewellery.
1. “Are you sure?”
→
John asked me …
1. “Are you sure?”
→
John asked me …
… if/whether I was sure.
2. “Can I open the window?”
→
Julia asked me …
… if/whether she could open the window.
3. “When will they finish the job?”
→
Matt wanted to know …
… when they would finish the job.
4. “Where have you been?”
→
Les asked Ronald …
… where he had been.
5. “Do your neighbours have a dog?”
→
Oliver asked me …
… if/whether my neighbours had a dog.
6. “Does your school start at eight?”
→
I asked Molly …
… if/whether her school started at eight.
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