Syllabus relating

Title of the Course Pharmaceutics Laboratory -I

Marks 50

Number of Hours per Week 4

Total Hours 60

Class F.Y. B.Pharm

Semester II

Sr.No. Experiment

1 At least one representative example of each formulation type included in theory (Preparation

and evaluation, WITH STRESS ON OFFICIAL FORMULATIONS)

Title of the Course Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory

Marks 50

Number of Hours per Week 4

Total Hours 60

Class F.Y. B.Pharm

Semester II

Sr.No. Experiment

1 Examples of topics covered in theory

26

S.Y. B. Pharm.

SEMESTER- III

Title of the Course Organic Chemistry-III

Marks 50

Number of Hours per Week 2

Total Hours 30

Class S.Y. B.Pharm.

Semester III

Sr.No Topic Hrs.

Organic Molecular Transformations and Mechanism

1 Reactive intermediates, Formation, structure, reactivity, properties such as half life,

stability, and others. Cabonium ion, carbanion, free radicals, carbenes

Effect of other functional groups including aromatic rings on the structure and

reactivity of the above

5

2 Classification and nomenclature of transformations 1

3 Nucleophile, electrophile, nucleophilicity, electrophilicity, nucleophilic and

electrophilic reactions in aliphatic and aromatic systems.

5

4 Investigation of Reaction Mechanism 3

5 Electron deficient O, N, and Rearrangement reactions 2

6 Oxidizing and reducing agents 2

7 Organmetallic reagents and reactions 2

8 Pericyclic reactions 3

9 Vitamins structure and stability, mechanism of biochemical reactions 7

Books Recommended

Sr.No. Title of the Book Author/Editor Edition/Year Publisher

1 Adv.Org.

Chemistry

Carey 4th Edition,

2000

Plenum Press NY

2 Organic

Chemistry

Morrison, R. T 6 th Edition,

2006

Pearson Education

3 Organic

Chemistry

Finar 6 th Edition,

1973

Longman Group Ltd

4 Organic Reaction

Mechanism

M. Gomer

Gallego

2004 Springer Privt. Ltd.

5 Organometalics Elschenbroich 3 rd , 2005 Willey-VCH Verlag & Co.

6 Lehninger:

Principles of

Biochemistry.

David Nelson,

Michael Cox

4th Edition,

2005

W. H. Freeman and Company, New

York.

27

Title of the Course Pharmaceutics – III

Marks 50

Number of Hours per Week 2

Total Hours 30

Class S.Y. B. Pharm.

Semester III

Sr.No. Topic Hrs.

1. Biphasic disperse systems: Emulsions: Preformulation considerations and theories

of emulsion formation

3

2. Formulation considerations in the development of emulsions for internal and

external use and quality control, emulsifying agents - examples of official

preparations belonging to this class.

3

3. Large scale manufacturing, packaging of emulsions 2

4 Semi solid dosage forms: Introduction to the anatomy of skin- percutaneous

absorption and penetration,

2

5. Ointments different bases, factors influencing the choice of base,- processing of

ointments and creams and quality control

4

6. Formulation and evaluation of pastes, gels, poultice 3

7. Large scale manufacturing, packaging of semisolid dosages including ointments

creams and gels

3

8. Introduction to Multiple emulsions, submicron emulsions, microemulsions 1

9. Aerosols: Components, manufacture and evaluation. 4

10. Suppositories: Rectal Delivery- Physico-chemical factors affecting rectal absorption,

advantages, limitations, Formulation of suppositories and pessaries, suppository

bases, evaluation, packaging, and manufacture

5

Books Recommended

Sr.No. Title of The Book Author/Editor Edition/Year Publisher

1 Theory & Practice Of

Industrial Pharmacy

L. Lachman,

Herbert

A.Lieberman & J.

Kanig

3rd, 1987 Lea & Febiger,

Philadelphia

2 Pharmaceutical Dosage

Form: Dispersed Systems

(Vol.1 &2 )

Herbert A.

Lieberman, Martin

A.Rieger,G.S.Bank

er

2nd, 1993 Marcel Dekker Inc.

3 Modern Pharmaceutics Gilbert S.Banker,

C.T. Rhodes

2nd, 1990 Marcel Dekker Inc.

4 Cooper & Gunn’s

Dispensing For

Pharmaceutical Students

Revised By

S.J.Carter

12th, 1987 Cbs Publishers &

Distributers

5 Pharmaceutics: The

Science Of Dosage Form

Design

Michael E.Aulton 2nd , 1998 Churchill-Livingstone

28

6 Remington-The Science

And Practice Of Pharmacy

(Vol.1 & 2)

David B.Troy 21st, 2006 Lippincott Williams &

Wilkins

7 American Pharmacy: Text

Book Of Pharmaceutical

Principles,Processes &

Preparations

Rufus Lyman 4th, 1955 J.B.Lippincott Company

Title of the Course Physical Pharmacy- II

Marks 50

Number of Hours per Week 2

Total Hours 30

Class S.Y. B. Pharm.

Semester III

Sr.No. Topic Hrs

1. Ionic Equilibria and buffers: Modern theories of acids and bases, Acid-Base

equilibria, Sorensen’s pH scale, calculation of pH, effect of pH on ionization of weak

acid and weak bases, calculation of fraction unionized; The buffers in pharmaceutical

and biological systems, buffered solutions, methods of adjusting pH;

4

2. Electromotive force and Oxidation-Reduction: Electrochemical cells, Nernst

equation, Types of electrodes, electrode, electrode potential, redox potential,

concentration cell, measurement of pH;

5

3. Solubility: Solubility of gases in liquids, solubility of oxygen in blood, solubility of

anaesthetic gases in blood, solubility of volatile anaesthetics in oil, miscible liquids,

partial miscibility, solubility of solids in liquids, ideal solubility, solubility

parameters and prediction of solubility in regular solutions, partition phenomena,

partitioning of weak electrolytes;

5

4. Complexation: Organic molecular complexes, inclusion compounds, methods of

analysis, protein binding, Scatchard plot

4

5. Chemical kinetics: Molecularity and order of a reaction, specific reaction rate

constant, zero order, first order and second order reactions, methods to determine

order of a reaction, Energy of activation, photochemical reactions and quantum yield.

6. Catalysis: Positive, negative catalyst, autocatalysis. Homogenous and heterogenous

catalysis;

2

7. Interfacial phenomena: Surface tension (Surface free energy), Young equation,

Kelvin equation, measurement of surface and interfacial tension, wetting and contact

angle, spreading of liquids on liquids and on solids, Surface activity and soluble

monolayers, Gibb’s Duhem equation, insoluble monolayers and the film balance.

6

8. Adsorption at solid surfaces, Freundlich and Langmuir treatment to Type-I

adsorption isotherm, electrical properties of interfaces-Nernst and Zeta potential.

4

Books Recommended: Will be recommended by the teacher

29

Title of the Course Biochemistry-I

Marks 50

Number of Hours per Week 2

Total Hours 30

Class S.Y. B.Pharm

Semester III

Sr.No Topic Hrs.

1 Carbohydrates: Fundamentals of chemistry of carbohydrates, concept of ring

structures and straight chain structure of common carbohydrates glucose,

fructose, galactose, Lactose, maltose, sucrose, polysaccharides, starch,

glycogen, cellulose, mucopolysaccharides like hyalurouic acid heparin.

Qualitative tests / colour reaction.

Selected reaction: With phenyl hydrazine, alkali – oxidation reduction with

practical significance, Glycolysis, TCA, pentose- phosphate. Pathway

gluconeogeuesis, glycogenolysis.

4

2 Lipids: Fatly aids, waxes, phospholipids, sphingolipids, terpenoids. With are

representative structure and significance.

Functions & comparative distribution of lipids

Lipoproteins:β oxidation of fatly acids, Oxidation of unsaturated fatly acids,

functions of cholesterol & significance. Rancidity, sap value, Iodine value &

hydrogenating

4

3 Proteins & Amino acids:

Structure of protein: globular, fibrous (helix & placated sheet)

Amino acids: Structures, pK – isoelectric point, Essential & non-essential Aa:

Colour reaction of A.a.

Elementary idea about chromatography & electrophoresis.

Protein Metabolism: Transmutation SGOT / SGPT, Deamination & urea

cycle, & Decarboxylation of A.a.

Nucleic acids and their components:

DNA & RNA bases,

Nucleosides, Nucleotides, chemistry of Nucleic acids, structure, of RNA &

DNA. Types of RNA: M RNA, t-RNA & r-RNA. Function of DNA & role in

protein synthesis salient factures of protein biosynthesis & Idea of genetic

code.

12

4

4

4

4 Enzymes: Cassation, Mechanize of enzyme action, factors affecting rate of enzymatic

reaction, Activators & inhibitors of enzymes, Competitive & Non –

Competitive types of enzyme inhibition. Enzyme induction & lysozyme.

5

5 Vitamins & Co-enzymes: Struthers & function of Nicotinamide, nicotinic acid,

riboflavin, lipoic acid, biotin, thiamine, B6, folic acid, B12, pantothenic acid,

ascorbic acid, vitamins A, D, K, and E.

5

Books Recommended : Same as under Biochemistry -III

30

Title of the Course Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology-III

Marks 50

Number of Hours per Week 2

Total Hours 30

Class S.Y. B. Pharm

Semester III

Sr.No Topic Hrs.

1 Nervous System/sense organs. Anatomy-Physiology of CNS (Central N.S),

PNS (Peripheral NS) and ANS (Autonomic NS)

Neurotransmitters, Neurotransmission, Sensory- Motor pathways

Cranial – Spinal Nervous

Blood –Brain Barrier, Blood flow to brain

Diseases – Parkinsonism, Alzheimer’s, epilepsy, hypoxia, stroke, Anxiety,

depression, mania, schizophrenia.

Sense organs: Anatomy and Physiology

Physiology of sensations (special)

17

2 Digestive System|: Anatomy-Physiology including liver, pancreas

Diseases: Peptic Ulcers, Inflammatory Bowel Disorders, hepatitis, cholecystitis,

Cirrhosis, achacia, reflux oesophytis

13

Books Recommended : Same as under Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology-IV

Title of the Course Psychology and Sociology

Marks 50

Number of Hours per Week 2 (1+1)

Total Hours 30

Class S.Y. B. Pharm.

Semester III

Sr.No Topic Hrs.

Psychology

NOTE: All relevant topics can be dealt with special reference to the Pharmaceutical Industry

1 Definition of Psychology, sub fields of Psychology; Industrial Psychology:

definition, nature and scope, history, premices, development, and hurdles;

5

2 Personnel Selection: occupational information, individual differences, personnel

specifications -its types. and objectives; Methods of job analysis; Uses of job

analysis; Types of personnel actions: Selection techniques : Application blanks,

reference, interview; Psychological Tests: Intelligence (Otis, Standford-Binet,

Weehster adult Intelligence test, Multifactor tests) aptitude (DAT), personality

(Rorschaeh, TAT and MMPI);

5

3 Personnel Development : Motivation – theories of motivation (Marlowe, Vroom)

motivation and organization ; Incentives – financial and non-financial job

satisfaction, Herberg’s two factor theory, factors affecting satisfaction; Morale and

Monotony; Definition and nature of Leadership, functions of leaders, trait theory of

5

31

leadership – Managerial grid, Field less Contingency Model; Accident Prevention

and Safety Measures.

Sociology

1 Introduction to Sociology: What is Sociology? the relevance of Sociology to

industry; Personality and social behavior, social adjustment of workers, definition

and levels of communication, improving communication in organization;

5

2 Industrial Democracy: What is Industrial Democracy? worker participation in

management; Trade unions: History of labour movement in India, problems of trade

unions in India, collective bargaining, industrial disputes, its causes and methods to

resolve;

5

3 Science, Technology, Industry and society: Impact of science & technology on

industry and society, the role of industry in national development, cottage, small and

large scale industries, problems of industrialization with special reference to the

pharmaceutical industry .

5

Books Recommended: Will be recommended by the teacher

Title of the Course Hospital Pharmacy and Drug Store Management

Marks 50

Number of Hours per Week 2

Total Hours 30

Class S.Y. B. Pharm.

Semester III

Sr.No. Topic Hrs

Hospital Pharmacy

1. HOSPITAL: Classification, Organization, Administration & Functions 1

2. Hospital Pharmcy: History, Development, Duties & responsibilities of Pharmacist 1

3. PHARMACY & THERAPEUTIC COMMITTEE 1

4. HOSPITAL FORMULARY 1

5. PURCHASE: Procedure, Storage, Inventory Control. 1

6. DISPENSIGN OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES 1

7. BULK COMPOUNDING: Large volume parentrals total parentral Nutrition,

Intravenous additives. 1

8. CENTRAL STERILE SERVICE: Advantages, Plan, Location, Activities

management 1

9. STERILISATION & DISPOSAL OF SURGICAL MATERIALS: Rubber gloves,

Syringes, Needles, Catheters, Surgical Instruments, Powders, etc. 1

10. MEDICAL GASES: Different gases &their uses, Color coding of Cylinders & Care

of Cylinders 2

11. HEALTH ACCESSORIES: Wheel chairs, Canes, Crutches, Bed panes, Syringes,

Needles etc. 1

12. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS: Therapeutic &

Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. 1

32

13. APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS: In maintenance of Records, Inventory control,

Medication monitoring, Drug information, etc. (Current) 1

14. HEALTH INSURANCE (Current) 1

Drug Store Management

15 Introduction to Retail (Community) Pharmacy as a Career.

1. Retail Pharmacy Origin and Concept

2. Pharmacy as Profession

3. Role of Retail (Community) Pharmacist

1

16 Retailing: Single Store (Model Pharmacy), Departmental Stores, Malls, Chain Stores,

Co-operative Pharmacy and Internet Pharmacy 2

17 Forms of Business Organizations- Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, and Corporate

Structure including Co-operative Societies 2

18 Building of a Model Pharmacy 3

19 Stocking / Inventory Control and Recordkeeping 2

20 Sales Promotion Methods 1

21 Banking and finance 2

22 Prevention of Frauds and Risk insurance 2

Books Recommended

Sr.No. Title Author / Editor Edition/Year Publisher

1 A Text Book Of Hospital

Pharmacy

S.H. Merchamt &

J.S. Quadry

3rd, 1989 Mr. S.B. Shah

2 Hospital & Clinical

Pharmacy

A.R. Paradkar &

S.A.Chunawala

9th, 1999 Nirali Publications

Pune

3 Cooper & Guns.

Dispensing For

Pharmaceutical Students

S.J. Carter 12th, 1987 Pitman Books

33

Title of the Course Assignments (Pharmaceutics)

Marks 50

Number of Hours per week 2

Total Hours 30

Class S. Y. B.Pharm.

Semester III

Sr. No. Topic

1. There will be several problem solving sessions where there will be discussions on

methodology and approaches to solve problems including discussions on how to gather

information from internet and literature. The problems will be given to the students as

home assignments where students can go through the literature and come out with

solutions and present it in the class. There shall be many assignments. No assignment shall

be of more than 10 marks. The student shall submit the assignment in A4 size paper either

hand written or typed and pinned together. Marks will be awarded by the teacher and at

the end of the semester teacher will submit the marks along with the assignment copies of

all the students to the office.

Laboratory

Title of the Course Pharmaceutics Laboratory -II

Marks 50

Number of Hours per Week 4

Total Hours 60

Class S.Y. B. Pharm.

Semester III

Sr.No. Experiment

1 At least one representative example of each formulation type included in theory (Preparation

and evaluation, with stress on official formulations)

34

Title of the Course Physical Pharmacy Laboratory

Marks 50

Number of Hours per Week 4

Total Hours 60

Class S.Y. B. Pharm.

Semester III

Sr.No. Experiment

1. Kinetics: Experiments to determine order of reaction-

First order Reaction a) degree of hydrolysis b) relative strength of two acids c) equal

fraction method;

2. Second order reaction a) a=b b) equal fraction method c) Oswald’s dilution method;

3. Energy of activation and determination of shelf life;

4. Kinetics of inversion of cane sugar, Molecular Weight; 1. F.P. Method, 2. B.P. Method, 3.

Rast camphor method 4. Molecular weight of polymer by viscosity method, 5. Brookfield

viscometer (Demonostration). 6. Victor Meyer method.

5. Suface Tension: 1. Using stalagmometer 2. Critical micelle concentration of a surfactant;

HLB: Determination of HLB of glyceryl monostearate;

6. Conductivity: 1. Normality of an acid by conductometric titration, 2. Dissolution constant

of an acid (verification of Ostwald’s dilution (w), 3. Solubility of a sparingly soluble salt;

pH meter.

7. 1. Potentiometric titration, 2. Dissolution constant of a weak acid, 3. To determine buffer

capacity at various stages of titrations of a weak acid against strong base and hence to

determine pKa of the acid;

8. Adsorption: adsorption of acetic acid on activated charcoal and determination of specific

surface area of charcoal; Partition; partition coefficient of lodine between

carbontetrachloride and water, partition coefficient of benzoic acid between water and

benzene;

9. Chromatography – paper chromatography (aqueous phase only), Rf value;

Critical solution temperature phenol water system; Heat of solution – by solubility method;

Heat of neutralisation – using a thermosflask.

35

Title of the Course Biochemistry Laboratory

Marks 50

Number of Hours per Week 4

Total Hours 60

Class S.Y B.Pharm

Semester III

Sr.No. Experiment Hrs.

1 Qualitative tests for Carbohydrates. 4

2 Quantitative test for Carbohydrates

Lane Eynon’s Method

Willstatters Method

DNS Method

Folin- Wu Method (Blood Sugar)

4

4

4

4

3 Qualitative tests for Amino acids, Proteins and Precipitation of proteins 4

4 Quantitative tests for Proteins

Folin Lowery Method

Biuret Method

4

4

5 Enzymes

Activity of Salivary Amylase

Study of factors affecting rate of an enzymatic reactions: Determination of Optimum

pH, Temperature, KM, VMax.

4

4

4

6 Vitamins; Quantitative determination of Vitamin C 4

7 Lipids; Determination of acid value and iodine value of lipids. 4

8 Estimation of RNA and Blood Cholesterol. 4

9 Tutorials 4

Books Recommended

Sr.No. Title of the Book Author/Editor Edition/Year Publisher

1 An Introduction to

Practical Biochemistry

David T.

Plummer.

2nd , 1978 McGraw Hill Book Co.,

London.

Title of the Course Pharmaceutical Analysis Laboratory-I

Marks 50

Number of Hours per week 4

Total Hours 60

Class S.Y. B.Pharm.

Semester III

Sr.No Experiment Hrs.

1. The students should be introducing to the main Analytical tools through

demonstration. They should have a clear understanding of a typical analytical

balance, weights, care and use of balance, methods of weighing and errors of

weighing. The students should also be acquainted with the general apparatus required

in various analytical procedures.

4

36

2. Standardization of analytical weights and calibration of balances and volumetric

apparatus.

4

3. Perform following assays as per IP including preparation and standardization of

titrants.

Such as 0.1 N HCL, 0.1 N NaOH, 0.1 N KMnO4, 0.1 N Na2S203, 0.1 N AgNO3, 0.1

N HClO4, 0.05 M disodium EDTA, 0.1 N CH3ONa, 0.1 N Iodine, 0.1 N Oxalic acid

8

4. Hydrogen ion concentration, pH, and potentiometric titrations 4

5. Acid-base titrations**: Benzoic acid, Boric acid, Aspirin, Determination of total

alkalinity and sodium carbonate of sodium hydroxide

4

6. Non-Aqueous titrations**: Sodium acetate, Sodium benzoate, Norfloxacin tablet.,

assay of pyridoxine HCI

4

7. Oxidation-Reduction titrations**: assay of sodium nitrite Ferrous sulfate, Ascorbic

acid, Isoniazide, Hydrogen Peroxide. assay of iodine solution, determination of

percentage of ascorbic acid

8

8. Complexometric titrations**: Magnesium sulfate, Lead nitrate, calcium gluconate,

Ca & Mg in a mixture, AI & Zn in a mixture ,assay of aluminium hydroxide gel

4

9. Argentometric titrations**: Potassium chloride, Sodium chloride and Ammonium

chloride.

4

10. Gravimetric analysis**: Alum by oxime reagent, Calcium as calcium oxalate and

magnesium as magnesium pyrophosphate.

4

11. Miscellaneous methods of analysis:**

Estimation by Kjeldahl’s method, sodium nitrite titration, hydroxyl value, acid value,

iodine value, saponification value, ester value

8

12. Physicochemical Methods**

– specific gravity and density, solubility, viscosity, melting, congealing, and boiling

temperatures.

4

**Applications may also include other compounds to which the techniques are

applicable.

Books Recommended

Books recommended under Pharmaceutical Analysis-I And in addition the following

Sr.No. Title Of The Book Author/Editor Edition/

Year

Publisher

1. Instrumental Methods Of

Analysis

Ewing. 4th ,

1975

McGraw Hill New York

2. Text Book Of Practical

Organic Chemistry –

Vogel 5th ,

1989

Longman Scientific

37