Table of contents address of yessentuki mayor

Brief historical information

The city of Yessentuki is an administrative and territorial unit of Stavropol Krai, the resort of federal importance – is written in the Resolution of the government of the Russian Federation of January 17, 2006 No. 14 "About recognition of the resorts of Yessentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk located in Stavropol Krai, resorts of federal importance and about the adoption of regulations on these resorts".

Yessentuki is the most popular drinking balneological resort. The salt and alkaline mineral waters "Yessentuki-4" and "Yessentuki-17" won a deserved international recognition. The resort takes the place in the country of treatment of diseases of a digestive tract, liver and the diseases connected with a metabolic disorder.

As a resort, Yessentuki has arisen and was created much later the neighbor of Pyatigorsk and Kislovodsk.

In 1798 when the military ambit promoted to the south of Konstantinogorsk, on the right river bank of Essentuchok, in verst from his falling into Podkumok, a military and boundary redoubt was put. But soon the border was removed even more to the South - to Kislovodsk where in 1803 Kislovodsk fortress was based. The redoubt was abolished, and on its place the Cossack post which was called as well as a redoubt - Yessentuki was left. In 1803 Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region admited officially the medical district of the state value. Here the first patients began to come from Russia; there were descriptions of character and properties of sources, efficiency their actions on the patient's organism. In places of mineral springs primitive bathing rooms were constructed, settlements were organised there.

The first description of the Yessentuki mineral sources belongs to the famous Moscow doctor Fedor Petrovich Gaaz (1780-1853) who visited Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region in 1809-1810.

Having opened in 1810 by means of the Kabardian prince Ismail-Bey hot springs on the southern slope of the mountain Iron, Gaaz in the same year learned incidentally about existence of mineral sources in the valley of the river of Bugunta. One of Cossacks told him, that the Cossack horses were given a taste to drink water from mineral springs in 3-4 versts from the Yessentuki post.

At the time of Gaaz the Cossack post remained still the military outpost protecting the road from Hot to Acidic waters. No settlements nearby existed, the place was deserted. Only occasionally crews passed, breaking silence in an escort environment. The road went in high places, bending around the boggy hollow formed by Bugunta's merge to Podkumk. Having gone down in its on horse traces, Gaaz found quite wide, but short valley of a stream of Kislusha (the lower avenue of medical park) formed by a drain of mineral waters there. At a sole of its quite steep northern slope he found two small wells at the bottom of which springs made the way in the valley of a stream. Wells, ancestors of the Yessentuki mineral waters, were on the place of the present Gaazo-Ponomarevsky pavilion. Having described two more other sources, Gaaz because of their extremely small output didnot pay special significance to them. Therefore and further they remained little-known. And only in 13 years, in 1823, they were described in detail and properly estimated by professor of the St. Petersburg Medico-surgical Academy Alexander Petrovich Nelyubin (1785-1858). His description of the Yessentuki sources turned into one of the best historical monuments of Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region. He at first paid attention to the Yessentuki salt and alkaline waters. Having got to Buguntinsky sources, Nelyubin found here a continuous grassy bog from which small pools with a characteristic raid of mineral salts at the edges were distinguished.

Having begun detailed studying of the valley with its easten part, Nelyubin, step by step moving ahead along a foot of a steep northern slope and noting all a little noticeable exits of mineral water, having counted 18 sources, he assigned them numbers one after another from No. 1 to No. 18. All of them were alkaline therefore he also called a slope the Alkaline mountain. Then, having turned back in the opposite direction, and examining a bottom of valley from the West to the East, he found and described five more sources No. 19-23 which he set to group of sulfur-alkaline.

In 1825 on the Highest Command on the Bugunta river 3,5 km to the northeast from the former Yessentuki post the Yessentuki village was founded, at the same time with "Kislovodsk, Burgustanskoyu, Goryachevodskoyu – for strong drawing up borders and the protection of the Caucasian inhabitants", - as is told in the order of the general Yermolov of March 14.

Here is how this event is described in I. Popko's book "Tersky Cossacks since age-old times Grebensky army" (SPb; 1880): "... 385 families were brought out of the Aleksandrovskaya stanitsa in 1825, and from this number 100 families were lodged on Podkumok, at Kislovodsk fortress where stanitsa of Kislovodsk originated, 50 families laid the foundation of stanitsa Burgustanskaya and 235 families founded on Bugunt's river the stanitsa of Yessentuki".

The center of Yessentuki stanitsa was located in one and a half kilometers from the mouth of the river Buguntf on its right coast where now there is an old Nikolaevsksya church. However for a long time sources remained somehow in the shadow. Residents of stanitsa used them in their own way: drank water from springs, bathed in the holes dug near sources, somehow protected from a contamination. The coming patients took baths at home. As eyewitnesses report, stanichniks brought the patient water in barrels, "sometimes even not from the mineral sources", and from those pools from which it was convenient to gather and, salt handful, to make imitation of natural Yessentuki water".

Till 1837 only sources No. 23 and No. 2 were used generally. Soon No. No. 24, 25, 26 joined them. In 1839 water of sources No. No. 23, 24, 25, 26 was carried out to one general pool in which at the expense of the Cossack regimental management the wooden swimming bath, "about two bathtubs" was constructed. For heating of water the samovar was used. In 1840 the source No. 2 "became scanty", but the sources No. 4 and No. 17 which became quickly well-known were used.

In 1846, on the Highest Command Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region was transferred to the management of the Deputy Caucasian prince M. S. Vorontsov (1782-1856). From now on the new stage of development of the Yessentuki resort begins.

Since 1847 mineral sources and the surrounding territory (within present resort park) were withdrawn from maintaining the Cossack Army and transferred to the order of specially created Management of Waters in Pyatigorsk. Historically it is known that in the first years of existence of the resort Cossacks of stanitsa Yessentuki didn't pay any attention to the sources which were in property of stanitsa society - only fenced some of them with a wattle fence to protect from attacks of cattle. The first works on improvement of the territory around curative keys began only after that, as the small ground around them, according to instructions of the Caucasian deputy Vorontsov, were redeemed from Cossacks and transferred to the resort. His acquisition cost treasury 2792 rubles 88 kopeks in silver. The stanitsa of Yessentuki, being not far from sources, as a result of inflow of new settlers grew quickly, and its inhabitants grew rich due to trade, truck farming and service of course (so vacationers in the resort were called). In 1846, by order of Vorontsov, the village was expanded to the northeast and was drawn near closely to sources.

On March 31, 1847 the deputy approved the project of stone gallery construction at a source No. 17, in English manners in combination with Mauritian and Byzantine motives, with the facade opened to the South, in arcades. Because of the earthquake, which happened on September 8, 1852 in Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region that damaged almost ready gallery, its opening took place only in 1856.

Yessentuki possesses superiority in commercial bottling of mineral water. According to the personal order of the Deputy of the Caucasus, the prince Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov, 300 bottles of water in Nikolaev were sent to the admiral M. P. Lazarev in 1848.

In the 1860s the bottles with the Yessentuki water were dispatched to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Vladikavkaz, Tiflis. The Yessentuki mineral water was generally recognized in Russia, and its sale gave to treasury considerable profits. The Yessentuki waters were highly appreciated abroad. The firm which was engaged in their export had the warehouses in Paris, London, Prague and other cities of Europe. At the beginning of the 1870s continuous sale of water was adjusted almost in all large cities of Russia. The deputy of the Caucasus paid much attention to improvement of Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region.

On June 5, 1848 M. S. Vorontsov wrote to the first Managing director of Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region D. A. Vsevolzhsky that "… it is necessary to think how to decorate with planting of trees this still absolutely naked and ugly place from all directions opened to steppe winds". In 1849 the first planting of trees on the mountain opposite the gallery of a source No. 17 was made. The place where it was decided to put a park, was valid ugly as there was a not drying out bog which evaporations did big harm to health not only the visitors using waters but also inhabitants in the summer. There were many cases of fever, even with death.

Despite the taken measures for improvement of the territory of the resort, the place, where now Nizhnyaya Avenue passes, still "for a long time there was an unattractive show".

The doctor at the Yessentuki Waters headquarters doctor Orfanov in the note of November 30, 1850 reported to the administration: "… the Yessentuki waters are surrounded from East, South and West side with a swamp, the place where the putrefactive and suffocating evaporations infecting neighboring air ordinary nest to degree and force of a feverish miasma, disease of fever in this regard from the second half of July gained "general character".

For fight against a swamp in 1851 numerous ditches have been dug, that gradually drained soils, however marshy places managed to be destroyed finally only by 1872 when there paths and flower beds were broken. The project of drainage of a bog, cultivation of an extensive garden at mineral springs of the Alkaline mountain was made. They were going to plant the continuous wood and to found here school of cultivation on solar steppe open spaces of grapes and mulberry trees for silkworm breeding. The plan was not carried out: only they managed to bring 200 acacias, 50 poplars which were dug out on Bugongtie's small river, 700 trees of the Pyatigorsk glade. To laying of park workers from military and working companies were attracted. Business of cultivation of park was dragged on for decades.

According to the estimate it was required to spend for it 3455 rubles, but in 1856 a question about their allocation wasnot solved. The Lower park (Nizhniy park), and then Upper park (Verkhniy park) formed the park zone of the steppe resort and for many years were separated from the Cossack stanitsa.

Near the park the first houses, not stanitsa like, but city shape appeared; for the visitor of public more comfortable conditions were created. In 1875 in east part of the park the Yessentuki first large comfortable hotel "Kompaneyskaya" for 64 numbers which was put into treasury later was put into operation. In "Sociable" hotel there is the sanatorium "Curative spring" nowadays, in "Novokazenna" - there is sanatorium "Moscow" situated.

In the 1870s the resort park became the place of the basic time of pro-driving of visitors. Here the establishments urged to provide all necessary for treatment, rest and entertainments were concentrated. By that time the park was divided into The Lower park (Nizhniy park), and the Upper park (Verkhniy park). The latter already had good shady avenues and served as the favourite place of walks, it lasted from the gate of park to the building of sulfur-alkaline bathtubs and further. The Upper park was located on the top of the Alkaline mountain, between Glavnaya Kursovaya Street (nowadays International) and hotel "Sociable". It wasn't so shady, but it was very good for evening walks. In the morning and evening hours military music was played on the semicircular platform near gallery of spring No. 17, and patients gathered for water drink to springs. No. 17 and No. 18.

In 1875 the construction of the railroad from Rostov to station Mineralnye Vody and highway from Mineralnye Vody to Kislovodsk, through Pyatigorsk and Yessentuki was completed. Between resorts the urgent and cheap message by means of stagecoaches was organised. All these led to sharp increase in number of visitors for treatment.

In 1883 it almost reached 5 thousand people.

To big flow of visitors Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region was absolutely unprepared, there was catastrophically not enough mineral water. On development and arrangement of mineral sources, urgent repair of bathing buildings and construction of new ones the large sums were required. It became clear that without public funds further development of resorts was impossible, and the government commission, got acquainted with the situation. It was against leaving resorts in private hands. The temporary order of management of Waters was founded with the special Government Commissioner who in March, 1884 accepted them from Baykov. Resorts were returned to maintaining the state and entered submission of the Ministry of the state property.

For 1885-88 in Yessentuki it was succeeded to achieve increase in inflow of sources: No. 4, No. 17, No. 19, No. 20. Then continuous meteorological supervision began; the park from the Highway and Kursovaya Street was enclosed with an iron lattice. There were restaurants with an inexpensive table meals, shashlik houses, cafe, bakeries, private "home-cooked meals", reading rooms, library.

In May, 1894 the branch line which connected Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki and Kislovodsk to station Mineralnye Vody was put into operation.

It promoted considerable flow of business owners and businessmen on Waters who, expecting the big future of Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region and a possibility of receiving, arrived were developed by broad construction of hotels, dachas, private clinics and sanatoria. Arrival of patients sharply increased. On attendance Yessentuki came out on top, its popularity quickly grew, and the resort strongly won the All-Russian and world recognition.

In 1892 on the project of the engineer Konradi the water supply system which supplied the resort with fresh water of drop sources from the pool of a stream Drop became effective. The top part of park where on the sublime place of Kachelnogo Kurgan was spread in 1888 has been put and by 1895 the Panteleymonovskaya church was built.

In 1898 in the resort electric lighting from the thermal power plant established on the "Business yard" which was opposite to "Sociable hotel" entered. The district of old Yessentuki adjoining from the West and the southwest park by the beginning of World War I turns into the beautiful, modern town with wide paved streets, fountains, squares and gardens around tidy and pure houses.

In 1898 on the project of the architect L.E. Dmitriyev the Top mineral Bathtubs were constructed, they were called "Nikolaev", in honor of the Emperor Nicholas II. The building of bathtubs was executed in classical forms in style of "the Russian empire style".

For holiday of procedures marble bathtubs from integral pieces of the marble brought from Italy were established. Now health-resort visitors can also receive treatment in "The Nikolaev bathtubs". Nearby, on Nizhnyaya Avenue of Medical park there is Mekhanoterapiya, it had one more name – Tsanderovsky institute of medical gymnastics, it was open in 1902. In the 70s of the XIX century the Swedish doctor Gustav Zander invented more than 100 gymnastic devices, 63 of them were set in Mekhanoterapiya and all function today.

Construction in the resort was in every possible way encouraged by Administration of Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region. Considerable privileges were provided to persons interested in construction themselves.

"Alienation" of the Cossack lands was made to increase in land fund in Yessentuki. In 1899 the government withdrew 1284 tithes of the earth on which part in 1903 the New or Formal garden (nowadays Victory park), on other open, to the North from old park, sites for country construction were allocated. With extraordinary speed on aloof lands numerous dachas of surprisingly beautiful and original architecture, with balconies and terraces, with turrets are constructed and pyramids on roofs; the streets and boulevards set with trees were laid and flowers, electrical equipment installed.

In many structures clinics, sanatoria, small hotels with home cuisine were open. By 1917, in the present Resort area there was a beautiful housing estate where the majority of constructions represented small architectural masterpieces to which any of the most luxurious resorts of Western Europe could envy. Big popularity with visitors and residents of the resort dachas used, for example: The "desired", belonging to the wife of the known baritone P.P. Figurova, where there were Shalyapin, Rachmaninov, Stanislavsky and many other figures of the Russian art, "An eagle nest" of the Cossack captain I.G. Zimina, "Capri", "El Dorado", "A gold barrow", "Uplands", "Fir-tree", "Flower bed", "Handsome man", etc. Many of them decorate the city today. Also Zapolotnyansky district where on the Cossack seasonal dachas "New Yessentuki" has grown was among the Yessentuki new buildings of prerevolutionary years. The village and to the East from park, along Panteleymonovskaya's streets (nowadays Andzhiyevsky) continued to grow, at Pyatigorsk and Market (nowadays October).

Among private hotels, "Numbers" and "Rooming house" which in the center of Yessentuki in the 1910s there were already several tens the first-class hotels "Metropol" and "Don" were the largest. The Metropol hotel built to the season of 1907 by brothers Zipalov at the main entrance of the park contained up to one hundred well arranged hotel rooms. There was a reading room, a small libraryand a phone.

In the Donskaya hotel, constructed in 1903 by the house owner N. F. Hokhlachev on Pyatigorskaya Street near park, there were 95 hotel rooms. Now the house No. 2 of sanatorium "Russia" is in it. "Don", as well as "Metropol" were among the most beautiful buildings of the resort.

In I.A. Kosov's house on Glavnaya Kursovaya St. "Don numbers" (40 rooms) occupied the 2nd and 3rd floors, on the first floor there was the well-known Universal trading House "Kosov's Brothers and Co" in Yessentuki in which the manufactory, haberdashery products, footwear, ware, household goods were on sale. In the house there was also a restaurant.

In 1901 the Theatre park was attached to gallery of spring No. 17 which for many years became the main cultural center of the resort–its scene remembers the well-known bass of Shalyapin, Komissarzhevskaya and Savina's magnificent actor's game, original dancing compositions of Isadora Duncan. At the beginning of the XX century Yessentuki felt enthusiasm in all spheres of resort life: there was a new building of salt and alkaline bathtubs (1902), the Tsanderovsky institute of medical gymnastics (1902) opened with unique devices which were specially brought from Sweden. Design features and quality of materials allowed to keep devices. Already for more than hundred years they continue to work, helping patients to recover, and healthy to get stronger.

The sculptor L. K. Shodky molded a figure of the eagle tormenting the snake in 1903 personifying human diseases, an emblem of all cities of resorts. His sculpture "Little man" is well-known to all Russians and it was spread around by a photo cards at the beginning of the XX century, it became a peculiar symbol of the city.

On May 11, 1903 behind the southwest suburb of Yessentuki on the river Podkumok - the Russia's first state hydroelectric power station "White coal" 700 kilowatts was put, and on July 1 of the same year it was put into operation. The station was constructed by joint-stock company "Siemens and Galsk".That time it was the largest hydroelectric power station in Russia with the most extended power lines. All resorts of Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region received the electric power.

At the end of the XIX century the medical base of the resort developed actively. The well-known clinic of the doctor of medicine G. I. Lebedev opened, consultation of specialists doctors functioned, the first in Yessentuki "Ingalyatoriy" accepted patients.

Investments of not only certain businessmen, but also various joint-stock and charitable companies which since the end of the 1890s began to appear in Yessentuki one by another were made in construction of medical institutions.

On January 1, 1899 the Yessentuki Loan-and-savings Association opened. Then Association of the doctors practicing on Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region, Auxiliary Society "Sanatory"; societies: "Improvement of Yessentuki", "The mutual credit", "Charitable", "Literary and Musical", "Agricultural" appeared.

The Yessentuki Auxiliary Society "Sanatory" which put the task "to create favorable conditions for a vital situation during treatment in Yessentuki for perhaps inexpensive payment for poor persons of any professions and provisions" it was formed in 1900 at the initiative of the Moscow doctor, the talented organizer M. S. Zernov working in Yessentuki every season, since 1886 Society built sanatoria, free of charge providing in them "rather poor" rooms, charging a fee only for food and service. The first sanatorium of Society on 70 people was put in operation on June 1, 1902. The second sanatorium of Society ("New sanatorium") was constructed in 1912. In 1942 during the German occupation it was burned down, then it was restored with considerable alterations. Nowadays it is the house No. 1 of sanatorium "Miner". In 1914 Society had 244 rooms, the extensive dining room on 300 people, a library, and a reading room.

The park with lawns, flower beds and a big rosery was build around the buildings.

On Fridays also musical community and literary shows were arranged.

These "Fridays" were widly popular. Not only famous actors and writers, but also ordinary people participated in them. Free of charge they didnot oblige actors to anything, who stepped on the stage easily, in usual summer suits also were inspired with an enthusiastic response of listeners.

In 1901 the use of solar energy was evidence-based by M. S. Zernov and air bathtubs as a medical method in local conditions, then they were widely used in Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region. In 1910 the Electrolight, diagnostic and therapeutic institute was open.

The noticeable contribution to development of the stanitsa and the resort was made also by the Society "Improvements of Yessentuki" founded on January 25, 1906. Its board included representatives of the authorities of the stanitsa, spa facilities, the local intellectuals (doctors, teachers, the Cossack and retired army officers). Society was engaged in promoting of the resort, published brochures and reference books, reports and projects on improvement of sanitary and administrative management of Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region, organized performances, evenings, balls, excursions, took measures for safety of visitors and inhabitants. The Colony of "the Red Cross" and sanatorium "In memory on April 17, 1905" belonged to number of the charitable organizations which had arisen at the beginning of the 1900s.

The colony of "the Red Cross" was opened on June 25, 1902 on the site belonging then to Department of the empress Maria Fiodorovna, Nicholas II's mother (territory of present Military sanatorium). The sanatorium "In memory on April 17, 1905" was built in 1908 at the expense of manufactories – merchants Maltsev and N. A. Bugrov's adviser, "for persons of the Christian religions of both sexes which are in the private service with earnings no more than 600 rub a year". "The full board at a free doctor's advice" was provided for 35 rubles a month, and "needy" were provided with "full treatment".

After the first charitable sanatoria in Yessentuki there were small departmental sanatoria, one state and a number of private, a usual commercial orientation. In May, 1903 in the Resort area the first was opened in Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region departmental sanatorium for officials of post and cable department of the Vladikavkaz district. In the 1910th sanatoria of Gendarme Management and the Railroad operated on Batalinskaya St. State sanatorium was organized by the doctor N. K. Kiselyov in the "Old state hotel" taken him for rent.

Private sanatoria "Azau", sanatoria of doctors Sokolov, Gomolitsky, Przhisetsky were popular.

The sanatorium "Belief" constructed at the beginning of 1900 belonged to the representative known in Yessentuki and in all Tersky Army of the Cossack sort to a Cossack captain to A.F. Fedyushkin, former honourable observer of the I Yessentuki school, board member of Society "Improvements of Yessentuki" and chairman of the board of Society of "the Mutual Credit". The sanatorium occupied the whole complex of buildings. Between houses there was an extensive garden.

The Pride of Yessentuki is the Mud Baths put in 1913 as the project of the architect E.F. Schröter. Solemnly opened in the summer of 1915 and called in honor of the successor of a throne of Alekseevskaya (nowadays of N. A. Semashko), the mud baths still are considered the best not only in Russia, but also in Europe. At the central entrance of the building there is a classical portal with Ionic columns the buried court yard in solemn descent on which massive pedestals has sculptures of god of doctoring of the Doctor and the goddess of health of Gigiyei, they mean purity and health settles down. The court yard is bordered in semicircular form with the entrances protected by sculptures of powerful lions, facades of the building are decorated with graceful figures on medical subject. On the first floor there is a lobby, halls for rest, four rooms for holiday of mud procedures. The central hall with its ceiling light, arch overlappings and Doric columns is decorated with mythical sculptures reminded the ancient Roman atrium.

In Yessentuki famous architects worked, thanks to whom the resort got an originality and was created unique. Brothers of Bernardazzi – Giuseppe and Dzhiovanni constructed the first stanitsa construction – the Nikolaev church. Upton Samuil Ivanovich, Hodzhayev Emmanuil Baltasarovich, Dmitriyev Nikolay Vsevolodovich, Pravdzik, Baykov Ivan Ivanovich, Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich, Svirchevsky Feofil Aleksandrovich, Andrey Andreevich Ol, Eskov Pavel Pavlovich – these architects entered the names in the stone chronicle of the city.

In 1915 at the very end of Panteleymonovskaya Street houses of infectious diseases hospital, for fight against cholera epidemics were constructed.

During World War I Yessentuki, as well as other resorts of Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region, was turned into hospital base. Revolution of 1917 changed radically the developed way of stanitsa and resort life of Yessentuki, and the years of Civil war destroyed substantially the resort economy.

Only at the beginning of 1920 recovery work began. Then the resort area was allocated from the Yessentuki stanitsa and it received the status of the city. The nationalized private dachas were converted into medical institutions.

The uniform Management of Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region formed in Pyatigorsk carried out big works on expansion of hydromineral base of the resort. The extensive network of sanatorium establishments had been created for a short time. There were centralized diagnostic laboratories, clinics and services equipped with the perfect medical equipment and appliances. In 1925 in Yessentuki 6 sanatoria worked.

In the former sanatorium "Belief" the clinical office of the country's first Balneological institute which has opened in Pyatigorsk was settled down and there it began the activity. Scientists and doctors of clinic on the basis of studying of the mechanism of impact of the Yessentuki resort factors on a human body developed an evidence-based technique of treatment.

Since 1930 the Yessentuki resort passed to all year-round work, having almost doubled the capacity.

In 1933-34s as a result of deep drilling in park large reserves of strongly saturated carbonic water similar to a Kislovodsk narzan were found that had given the chance to organize broad application of carbonic bathtubs. Large-scale increase in hydromineral resources had allowed Yessentuki to become not only the drinking, but also versatile balneological resort. The general output of sources had reached nearly 1 million liters a day.

In 1936-38s ingalyatoriya and the left wing of the Lower Mineral bathtubs were constructed in the park. 51 thousand people a year came to the resort by 1941. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War the Yessentuki resort won first place in review of resorts also Narkomzdrava and the Central Committee of labor union of medics won the Red Banner.

From the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in the resort works were developed on its transformation into strong hospital base, 9 hospitals were open for 6500 beds, 86 thousand wounded passed the treatment. From the first days of war more than 3 thousand residents of Yessentuki left for the front. Two of them became Heroes of the Soviet Union: P. S. Shein and F.A. Zubalov (by their names city streets were called). During war more than 2 thousand residents of Yessentuki were awarded with awards and medals. After liberation of Yessentuki in January, 1943 process of restoration of the destroyed economy began. By the end of January, 1943 mills, molzavod, meat-processing plant and public service establishments worked. 3 secondary and 13 elementary schools, the building of Mud baths were restored, the normal school (1944) resumed its work.

1950-70s are characterized by growth its capacity in the history of the Yessentuki resort, the new sanatorium "Yessentuki" was open (1953), the sanatorium "Soviet miner" (nowadays sanatorium "Miner") was opened after repair (1955), 2 sanatoria "Change".

In 1986 the new sanatorium "Chemist" was put into operation (nowadays "Don"), 1988-1991 carried out reconstruction to sanatorium of Sverdlov (nowadays "A curative key"). In the city new educational institutions were open: Pedagogical and Medical schools, the hospital complex was built. In 1990 the huge drinking gallery (the area of sanatorium "Victoria") calculated for 5000 visits a day accepted the first vacationers. The priority of development of the project was given to a group of authors, with the part of the architect Bezrukov, the designer Kancheli, the technologist Pozdnyakova, the engineer Tretyakov. The asymmetric one-storey building in the plan perfectly looked at Beshtau. Even more the internal part of gallery, especially decorative registration strikes.

Difficult 90s of the 20th century – time of reforms and political reorganization reflected on an economic condition of the resort city of Yessentuki.

During this period active social and political life in the city is noted: the Yessentuki Cossack department of Tersky army revives, society of the Armenian culture of "Barekamutyun" ("Friendship"), the Greek society, the organization the Union of officers is created. For rendering assistance to the head of administration in providing a public order in 1992 the Council of Elders is created.

In March, 1992 in Yessentuki the administration of Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region was placed.

In May, 1992 the city weekly newspaper "Essentukskaya Panorama" was founded.

There were considerable changes in bodies of city self-government:

On February 25, 1996 the first elections of the Head of municipality took place and deputies of a representative body of city self-government – Council of the city, the Charter of the city was adopted.

In 2005 the coat of arms and a flag of the city of Yessentuki was approved.

The city of Yessentuki in 2010 celebrated the 185 anniversary from the date of its foundation.

In September, 2012 after long reconstruction sanatorium "Kazakhstan" accepted the updated

In February for the first time in the ten-year history the resort forum "Caucasian Health Resort" was held in Yessentuki.

In April, 2013 technical input of Russia health resort was made.

In September, 2013 in the territory of municipality there actions took place for celebration of the 210 anniversary of Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region.

In 2013 the resort city of Yessentuki following the results of work of 2012, was recognized as the winner in the All-Russian competition in nomination "The most well-planned city of Russia" and was awarded with the diploma of third degree.

In April, 2014 the delegation of our city took part in the XIII Azerbaijani international exhibition "Tourism and Travel" - AITF 2014". During the meeting the cooperation agreement and twinning between the resort city of Yessentuki and the Azerbaijani city of Naftalan was signed.

In April, 2014 in sanatorium "Russia" there the presentation of the new documentary about Yessentuki took place. For action chief physicians and directors of local health resorts were called. The promotional-informational movie about Yessentuki was created to show all seasons and once again to remind that there was active life in Yessentuki and resort activity did not fade per day. The main goal of creation of the new movie was to attract us to health resorts. This movie is received as a gift by guests of Yessentuki when they leave sanatoria where they had a rest.

On August 05, 2014 on base of the resort "Russ" complex operation high-tech the ENT specialist clinic, of 1200 sq.m, 185 units of the medical equipment were purchased. On the basis of clinic all types of laryngology treatment are carried out..

On August 28, 2014 the ceremonial opening of the underground overpass took place near Ordzhonikidze's streets, Drop, High and Shevchenko. Thanks to a contribution of businessmen, of residents and of the Russian Railway which helped in technical and documentary questions, a new site of the road opened. For construction of the overpass no budget money was spent.

Our city is perspective, has all necessary conditions and potential for successful growth and dynamics. Also for the solution of social, economic and other tasks for the benefit of each inhabitant.