Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa



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Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

  • Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

  • Physical Geography of Africa

  • Cultural Geography of Africa

  • Historical Geography of Africa

  • African Sub-regions



1. Continent dominated by it’s plateau character

  • 1. Continent dominated by it’s plateau character

  • 2. Majority of people depend on farming for their livelihood



3. High amount of disease (malaria, sleeping sickness, aids)

  • 3. High amount of disease (malaria, sleeping sickness, aids)

  • 4. African boundaries drawn by Europeans at the beginning of the colonial period

  • 5. Economic development in scattered areas



6. Rich in raw materials vital to industrialized economies

  • 6. Rich in raw materials vital to industrialized economies

  • 7. Inter-regional connections are poor

  • 8. Africa has been a place of competition and conflict between major powers



9. Highest population growth despite diseases & food shortages

  • 9. Highest population growth despite diseases & food shortages

  • 10. Contrasting areas from civil wars to stability



Lying astride the equator

  • Lying astride the equator

  • Between the Atlantic/Indian and Mediterranean

  • On the periphery of the land hemisphere

  • Second largest continent

        • 4500 miles from east to west
        • 4800 miles from north to south


Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

  • Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

  • Physical Geography of Africa

  • Cultural Geography of Africa

  • Historical Geography of Africa

  • African Sub-regions



Plate Tectonics

  • Plate Tectonics

  • Plateaus

  • Deserts

  • Mountains

  • Rivers

  • Lakes

  • Climates



Plate Tectonics

  • Plate Tectonics

    • core for the super continent Gondwana
    • deep gorges & trenches resultant from continental movement
    • rift valleys or hugh parallel cracks or faults


Plateaus - plateau land mass where altitude moderates the tropical heat

  • Plateaus - plateau land mass where altitude moderates the tropical heat

    • average of at least 1000 ft.
    • half of continent is over 2500ft.
  • Basins - Congo, Djouf, Kalahari & Sudan



  • Deserts

    • The Sahara Desert - the world’s greatest desert
    • The Kalahari Desert
    • The Namib Desert


Mountains

  • Mountains

    • no mts. of continental size
    • Atlas Mountains
    • Drakenberg Mts.
    • Abyssian Highlands
    • Volcanic Peaks of East Africa such as Mt. Kenya & Mt. Kilimanjaro
    • Great Escarpment (Zaire to Swaziland)


Rivers

  • Rivers

    • The Nile (Abyssian Highlands to Mediterranean)
    • The Niger (highlands of Guinea to delta of Nigeria
    • The Congo River (Dem. Rep. Of The Congo)
    • The Zambezi - (Zaire/Zambia boundary (Lualaba River) to Lake Malawi delta


Lakes

  • Lakes

    • Lake Victoria
    • Lake Tanganyika
    • Lake Malawi (Nyasa)
      • Many of the rivers in Africa occupy the trenches cutting through the East African Plateau


Climates

  • Climates

    • Symmetrical about the equator
    • rainy tropical climates of equator
    • savanna lands of trees with grass
    • steppe lands of only grass
    • arid conditions of Sahara & Kalahari Deserts
    • med. zones at extremities






Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

  • Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

  • Physical Geography of Africa

  • Cultural Geography of Africa

  • Historical Geography of Africa

  • African Sub-regions



Population

    • Population
    • Languages
    • Agriculture
    • Economics
    • Religion


Population

  • Population

    • 763 million
    • concentrations in Nigeria, Lake Victoria & South Africa
    • high mortality rates of Sahel, Ethiopia, West Africa
      • poor soils,
      • inadequate precipitation




Population Characteristics

  • Population Characteristics

    • Birth rates 40/1000
    • Death rates 15/1000
    • Natural Increase 25/1000
    • Infant Mortality 91/1000
    • Doubling Time 27 years
    • Pop <15 44%
    • Pop > 65 3%






Languages

  • Languages

    • Diversity of African Languages indicating isolation over long periods of time
    • Dozens of languages in a single country
    • 1/7 of the inhabited world with 1/3 of the the languages


Languages

  • Languages

    • divides North Africa & Africa South of the Sahara
    • Afro-Asiatic north of Sahara
    • Niger Congo languages in the south
    • Malayo Polynesian in Madagascar
    • Germanic in South Africa






Agriculture

  • Agriculture

    • subsistence farming


Agriculture

  • Agriculture



Agriculture

  • Agriculture

    • nomadic herding
    • per capita food production decreasing


Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

  • Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

  • Physical Geography of Africa

  • Cultural Geography of Africa

  • Historical Geography of Africa

  • African Sub-regions



Pre European Prelude

  • Pre European Prelude

    • the absence of written history
    • Trade with places like Timbuktu
    • East Africa trade with China, India Indonesia & Arabs
  • Colonial Transformation

    • 1600s series of coastal stations & forts
    • trade with African middlemen for slaves, gold, ivory & spices
    • Arabs had slave trade long before Europeans


Colonial Transformation (continued)

  • Colonial Transformation (continued)

    • 30 million slaves deported from Africa all over world
    • European presence brought a reorientation of external trade
      • interior states decline -
        • Penetration into the interior not until mid of 1800's
    • 400 years later European carved up Africa
      • Belgium Congo
      • Portuguese Angola & Mozambique
      • French western Africa (France still maintains influence)




Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

  • Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

  • Physical Geography of Africa

  • Cultural Geography of Africa

  • Historical Geography of Africa

  • African Sub-regions





bulge Lake Chad to Senegal to coast to Sahara)

  • bulge Lake Chad to Senegal to coast to Sahara)

  • large desert states to the north

  • smaller coastal states

  • most populated region

  • cultured area

  • coastal location favorable for trade



Nigeria

  • Nigeria

    • Moslem north
    • mid area poor unproductive & disease
    • oil reserves in the Niger delta
    • urbanization 29%
    • capital Abuja in center




highland plateau Africa - savanna

  • highland plateau Africa - savanna

  • Lake Victoria 3 major countries come together

  • Tanzania

    • largest country with 24 million
    • country with out a prime core area
    • African socialism
    • cooperatives & new villages
    • cotton north/ tea south


Kenya 22.8 million

  • Kenya 22.8 million

    • good agricultural areas
    • strong core area
    • capitalist state
    • Nairobi/Mombassa
    • tourism
    • pop. increase 4.2 % annually
    • doubling time is 17 years
    • by 2025 4 times as many as today (83 million)
    • over 1/2 pop under 15
    • average 8 kids per woman


Uganda

  • Uganda

    • 16.2 million
    • military regime of Amin 1971-1979
    • 75,000 Asians evacuated & commercial system fell apart
    • death by violence 300,000
    • economy still in shambles & fragmented
  • Burundi & Rwanda 12 million





Zaire, Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic

  • Zaire, Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic

  • Gabon Equatorial Guinea

  • Zaire 33 million & 900,000 sq. miles

    • wealth within the basin rim
    • river system nuetralized by rapids
    • independence in 1960


Gabon

  • Gabon

    • modest oil reserves, forests & lots of minerals
  • Cameroon

    • self sufficient in food, oil reserves




South Africa

  • South Africa

    • the dominant political & economic force& military
    • the continent's richest in minerals
      • gold, chromium, diamonds, platinum,
      • coal and iron ore.
      • political influence in Southern Africa
      • operates ports in Mozambique
      • assistance programs in Malawi
      • mediterranean agriculture wool
      • plateau country


South Africa

  • South Africa

      • southern tip
      • 471,000 square miles
      • 34.7 million
      • great ethnic diversity English, Boers, (5 mill)
      • colored (3 mill)
      • Asians, 1 mill Indians & blacks (25 million)
      • Dutch founded Cape Town in 1652
      • 1800 the British
      • Boer War 1899-1902 Afrikaners
      • labor for sugar plantations & mines


South Africa

  • South Africa

      • Johannesburg 2.2 mill (gold field)
      • Pretoria 1 mill
      • apartheid ( apart - hate) separateness
      • Afrikaners policy in 1948
      • minimize contact of ethnic groups
      • homelands
      • immigrant workers
      • government- today must concentrate on keeping control


Zambia

  • Zambia

    • landlocked
    • copper in south
    • Zimbabwe chrome/asbesto
    • steppe
    • 9.6 million
    • considerable economic potential
    • Independence in 1980
    • Malawi's core in south


  • Mozambique

    • exit for Malawi, Zimbabwe and South Africa
    • cashews & coconut
    • 14.7% Urbanized
    • Independence in 1975


Angola conflict with South Africa in Namibia while

  • Angola conflict with South Africa in Namibia while

    • fighting an insurgent state in the south
    • central part of it's own territory.
    • Oil
    • coffee
    • independence in 1975


Namibia

  • Namibia

    • copper, lead & zinc steppe
  • Lesotho

    • mountainous enclave surrounded by South Africa
    • poor & landlocked


Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

  • Ten Geographic Qualities of Africa

  • Physical Geography of Africa

  • Cultural Geography of Africa

  • Historical Geography of Africa

  • African Sub-regions







Africa in the New World Order

  • Africa in the New World Order

  • African Cultures

  • African Natural Environments

  • Four subregions of Africa South of the Sahara

  • Traditional, colonial & modern landscapes

  • Future Prospects



Africa in the New World Order

  • Africa in the New World Order

    • At the extreme periphery
  • African Cultures

    • tribes & kingdoms
    • religious influences
    • colonial impacts
    • independence outcomes & prospects


African Natural Environments

  • African Natural Environments

    • tropical climates
    • changing climates
    • ancient rocks, plateaus & rifts
    • ancient landscapes
    • forests savannas & deserts
    • resources
    • enviromental problems
      • soil, diseases, drought


Four subregions of Africa South of the Sahara

  • Four subregions of Africa South of the Sahara

    • Central Africa
      • countries, people,economics, politics
    • Western Africa
      • countries, people,economics, politics
    • Eastern Africa
      • countries, people,economics, politics
    • Southern Africa
      • countries, people,economics, politics
  • Traditional, colonial & modern landscapes

  • Future Prospects



Traditional, colonial & modern landscapes

  • Traditional, colonial & modern landscapes

    • Urban landscapes
    • Colonial Cities
    • New Cities
    • Rural Landscapes
    • Future Prospects


Future Prospects

  • Future Prospects

    • legacy
      • tribal kingdoms & slavery
      • European colonization
      • Independence & Economic Colonialism
      • Poor Governent & Internal Strife
      • Population Growth
      • Global Warming


Future Prospects

  • Future Prospects

    • Disappointments Failure of Inappropriate Policies
    • False Economies of Large-Scale Projects
    • Currency Exchange Rates
    • Slow Results from Structural Adjustment


Future Prospects

  • Future Prospects

    • Disappointments
      • Failure of Inappropriate Policies
      • False Economies of Large-Scale Projects
      • Currency Exchange Rates
      • Slow Results from Structural Adjustment


Future Prospects

  • Future Prospects

    • Basic Needs
      • education
      • infrastructure
      • Internal or external impetus


African Subregions

  • African Subregions

  • African Cultures

  • African Natural Environments

  • Traditional, colonial & modern landscapes

  • Future Prospects



























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