The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team Their Lives, Legacy, and Historical Impact
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| The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team Their Lives, Legacy, and Historical Impact Colin Burgess and Rex Hall The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team Their Lives, Legacy, and Historical Impact Published in association with PP raxis raxis PP ublishing ublishing Chichester, UK Mr Colin Burgess Space¯ight Historian Bonnet Bay New South Wales Australia Mr Rex Hall M.B.E. Education Consultant Council Member of the BIS London UK
SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. ISBN 978-0-387-84823-5 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Library of Congress Control Number: 2008935694 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2009 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project management: Originator Publishing Services, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK Printed on acid-free paper Contents Foreword by Alexei Leonov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Authors' preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii About the authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix List of ®gures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi List of abbreviations and acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxvii 1 Sparking the Space Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The Sputnik surprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Losing the high-ground advantage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ``One small ball in the air'' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A spectacular failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2
13 An idea grows and expands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Developing the launch vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ``We need many more''. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Seeking out the ®nest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Cosmonaut candidates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 A mystery interview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Only the best would go through. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 An ever-shrinking list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Some would make it, some not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Yevgeny Karpov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Beginning an incredible journey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3
27 Creating a training facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Finding a suitable site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Ivan Anikeyev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Pavel Belyayev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Valentin Bondarenko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Valery Bykovsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Valentin Filatyev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Yuri Gagarin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Viktor Gorbatko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Anatoli Kartashov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Yevgeny Khrunov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Vladimir Komarov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Alexei Leonov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Grigori Nelyubov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Andrian Nikolayev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Pavel Popovich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Mars Ra®kov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Georgi Shonin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Gherman Titov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Valentin Varlamov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Boris Volynov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Dmitri Zaikin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 4
77 Settling in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Wife of a cosmonaut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Later arrivals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Apartments at last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Weightless training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 A life-changing injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 End of a dream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 The doctors decide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 The training programme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 A simple accident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 ``Pulled by the stars'' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 A near disaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 At long lastÐVostok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 vi Contents Yüklə 0,75 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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