The model research of cooperative interactions of successive text structures konstantin Belousov, D. Sc

THE MODEL RESEARCH OF COOPERATIVE INTERACTIONS OF SUCCESSIVE TEXT STRUCTURES

• Konstantin Belousov, D.Sc.

• Tatyana Galinskaya, Ph.D.

• Orenburg State University, Russia

Contents:

• basic assumptions of system activity approach to a text;

• research strategy;

• general scheme of the positional analysis method of the text;

• overview of the form of a text and its structures;

• semantic charting of text;

• application of graphical means for the representation of semantic connections;

• semantic and physical outlines of a text;

• synchronical study of semantic connection intensity and mean sound intensity of the obtained data.

References

• Anochin, P. K. (1999). Poleznyj rezul´tat kak organizujuščij faktor sistemy. In: Anochin, P.K. (ed.) Sinergetika i psichologija 2. Social´nye processy: 34-37. Moscow: JANUS-K2.

• Belousov, K. I. (2008). Sinergetika teksta: ot strustury k forme. Moscow : Editorial URSS. 248 pp.

• Belousov, K. I. (2009). Teorija i metodologija polistrukturnogo sinteza teksta. Moscow : Flinta: Nauka. 216 pp.

• Leont´ev, A. A. (2001). Jazyk i rečevaja dejatel´nost´ v obščej i pedagogičeskoj psichologii. Moskva: Moskovskij psichologo-social´nyj institut.

System activity approach to a text

• Text is an integral polyontological linguistic object which exists in forms of space-time,

• thus the main attributes of the text are:

• Existence in space-time reality. The text entirely displays its existence abiding by the basic patterns of matter motion, and its content is also revealed according to these patterns;

• We consider text as a phenomenon having various levels of existence (various ontologies) that lie between the two poles: material (to which physical attributes of a text, disclosing its acoustic-wave ontology) and conceptual;

• The text organization on different ontological levels has common features as far as the text “accomplishes” extralinguistic tasks.

Form of a text and text structures

Basis of the multiaspect text analysis:

• the positional analysis method,

• quantitative methods,

• correlation methods, which determine the text aspects’ level.

Research strategy:

• 1) singling out certain aspects within an object and presenting them as abstract systems;

• 2) the quantitative description of them including the spatiotemporal order, indicating the appearance and functioning of a system aspect element (description by means of the method of positional analysis);

• 3) converting absolute number values of the process rate in a certain spatiotemporal position into relative number values, i.e. the values within the [0 1] interval (in order to compare description results for different aspects). This operation is performed for all text aspects;

• 4) By means of correlation methods of statistics (the Pearson correlation method in particular) and methods of graphical representation the obtained constructs from different text aspects are systematized due to their general ontological basis.

Positional analysis method of the text

• The essence of the positional analysis is in the marking of the language units in a linear sequence.

• As long as a text is limited extensively (has the beginning and the end) the beginning is taken as “0”, the end as “1”, irrespective of the size of a text.

• Owing to this convention we can compare texts of diverse sizes as well as results of multiaspect descriptions of the same text.

• All language elements of a given text are positioned linearly in a row.

• The word is considered a counting unit.

• In order to locate an element, one should define the position of a word containing a required element (in case segments are smaller than a word) or coinciding with it (in case the word “level” is studied) [0 1].

• Then a simple arithmetic operation is performed, that is dividing the ordinal number of the pertinent word, by the total number of words in the text.

Studied text:

• Лето умирает. Осень умирает. Зима – сама смерть. А весна постоянна. Она живет бесконечно в недрах вечно изменяющейся материи, только меняет свои формы.

• (В. Катаев)

• Summer dies. Autumn dies. Winter is the death itself. And spring is constant. It lives infinitely in the womb of perpetually changing matter, it only changes its form.

• (V. Katayev)

Semantic charting of text (K.I. Belousov)

• The study of the semantic text organization was carried out with the help of semantic charting of text according to the results of text assignments, performed by informants (21 philological faculty students) who were assigned:

• 1) to read the text and to define its theme;

• 2) to identify microthemes of the text;

• 3) to distribute the words of the text into semantic groups according to the identified microthemes,

• 4) each group should be entitled (the informants are expected to explain the grouping principle; the number of groups and words referred to them being unlimited and randomized within a certain text).

Semantic charting of the text realized with the software tool SEMCARD shows semantic connection intensity of each word with other words of the text (based on all submitted interpretations) (see Table 1).

• Semantic charting of the text realized with the software tool SEMCARD shows semantic connection intensity of each word with other words of the text (based on all submitted interpretations) (see Table 1).

• It makes possible to use graphical means for the representation of semantic connections. To achieve it we place the words on the plane and show regular connections between them using connective lines (see Figure 1).

• By comparing and contrasting synchronically semantic connection intensity and mean sound intensity of the data obtained with the software tool Sound Analyzer we received the results given in Table 2.

• For easier perception all the data from Table 2 are presented graphically (see Figure 2) The X-axis indicates the words in their linear sequence and their location in the text. The Y-axis indicates the intensity of semantic and prosodic processes (1 being the maximum value). Figure 2 shows the earlier stated differences and similarities in the above-mentioned aspects of the text.

• Figure 3 presents position structure of the text based on proportions of “golden section”.

SEMCARD ©

• © Software tool is developed by K. Belousov, M. Nesterenko, S. Panarin

• (Orenburg State University, Russia)

Table 1. Fragment of the semantic charting Лето…(Summer…)

Figure 1. Semantic graph of the text Лето…(Summer…)

Table 2. Semantic connection intensity and sound intensity values for the text Лето… (Summer…)

Sound analyzer ©

Figure 2. Intensity of semantic and prosodic processes in the linear development of the text Лето… (Summer…)

Figure 3. The position structure of the text

• AB - the absolute beginning

• AE - the absolute end

• HC - the harmonic centre of the text (at the distance 0,618 from the beginning of the text)

• HCiz - the harmonic centre of the initial zone (at the distance 0,236 from the beginning of the text)

• the Setting (at the distance 0,146 from the beginning of the text)

• AWP1, AWP2 - the absolutely weak positions (at the distance 0,236 to the right and to the left of the HC)

CONCLUSION

• Thus the technique of semantic charting and the method of positional analysis allowed us to represent the successive-simultaneous semantic space of a text as its “semantic outline”. Owing to the method of the prosodic analysis of a text, aimed at modeling its prosodic outline, there appears the possibility to analyze the cooperative interactions of these relatively independent text spaces.

• By comparing and contrasting synchronically semantic connection intensity and mean sound intensity of the obtained data we received the results that allow us to be more specific in the discussion of the text structure as an evolving process. The search for explanatory tools of convergence, divergence, intersection, overlapping of various text structures is the key to understanding the complex material, ideal and social nature of text, its presentation as wholeness.