The Peloponnesian War ( 431-404 BC) The Peloponnesian War ( 431-404 BC) →disagreements between Sparta and Athens, Athens wanted to be the most powerful of all city-states; challenged Sparta The result : Athens lost the war; Sparta took over ( Sparta´s military discipline --- plague struck Athens, democracy showed its weaknesses: Peasants for peace, Athenians for war, colonies turned against Athens) Pericles died in 429 BC: a huge impact on Athens oligarchical constitution introduced; the end of democracy!
Greek culture and the oriental culture was united into HELLENISM - Greek language - Greek art, science - Persian / oriental influence
How was it possible that small group of villages in Latium could create the Roman Empire? How was it possible that small group of villages in Latium could create the Roman Empire? What was the content of the Roman civilization? The heritage of it for today? Was there somekind of UNITY throughout the Roman Empire? The fall of the Roman empire; why/ how and the effects!
Background Background The Etruscans were in rule at Rome in the 7th and 8th c. The impact on Romans: - turned the villages into a town, Forum Romanum was established - influence on Roman religion (signs, offerings) - art of temple building, semi-circular arch..
The Etruscan kings were thrown off from Rome The Etruscan kings were thrown off from Rome Why Rome and The Romans? - the excellent position by The Tiber surrounded by the hills, nearby the sea - The famous Roman roads ; The Roman army, the quality of legions ( citizen´s army), the Naval power - attracted by violence ??
THE SENATE – dominated by aristocrats, the main political power ! THE PEOPLE´S ASSEMBLY ( COMITIA) , dominated by the rich, elected public officials and voted laws consuls: always two in charge ( to avoid dictatorship)
Patrisians – padres / the rich Patrisians – padres / the rich Plebeians --- servants/ the poor, the ordinary people → the Plebs got the right of VETO ( theTribunes of Plebs) on the decisions by public officials
THAT THE ROMAN GOVERNMENT SYSTEM WAS A DEMOCRACY? THAT THE ROMAN GOVERNMENT SYSTEM WAS A DEMOCRACY? P. 66 “ The Roman Constitution”
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