The Peloponnesian War ( 431-404 bc)



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The Peloponnesian War ( 431-404 BC)

  • The Peloponnesian War ( 431-404 BC)

  • →disagreements between Sparta and Athens, Athens wanted to be the most powerful of all city-states; challenged Sparta

  • The result : Athens lost the war; Sparta took over ( Sparta´s military discipline --- plague struck Athens, democracy showed its weaknesses: Peasants for peace, Athenians for war, colonies turned against Athens)

  • Pericles died in 429 BC: a huge impact on Athens

  • oligarchical constitution introduced; the end of democracy!



Greek culture and the oriental culture was united into HELLENISM

  • Greek culture and the oriental culture was united into HELLENISM

  • - Greek language

  • - Greek art, science

  • - Persian / oriental influence

  • * Monetary system stimulated the trade, the rise of new towns



How was it possible that small group of villages in Latium could create the Roman Empire?

  • How was it possible that small group of villages in Latium could create the Roman Empire?

  • What was the content of the Roman civilization? The heritage of it for today? Was there somekind of UNITY throughout the Roman Empire?

  • The fall of the Roman empire; why/ how and the effects!



Background

  • Background

  • The Etruscans were in rule at Rome in the 7th and 8th c.

  • The impact on Romans:

  • - turned the villages into a town, Forum Romanum was established

  • - influence on Roman religion (signs, offerings)

  • - The Latin alphabet: influence on European writing

  • - art of temple building, semi-circular arch..



The Etruscan kings were thrown off from Rome

  • The Etruscan kings were thrown off from Rome

  • Why Rome and The Romans?

  • - the excellent position by The Tiber surrounded by the hills, nearby the sea

  • - The famous Roman roads ; The Roman army, the quality of legions

  • ( citizen´s army), the Naval power

  • - attracted by violence ??



THE SENATE – dominated by aristocrats, the main political power !

  • THE SENATE – dominated by aristocrats, the main political power !

  • THE PEOPLE´S ASSEMBLY ( COMITIA) , dominated by the rich, elected public officials and voted laws

  • consuls: always two in charge ( to avoid dictatorship)

  • Public officials; elected for one year



Patrisians – padres / the rich

  • Patrisians – padres / the rich

  • Plebeians --- servants/ the poor, the ordinary people

  • The Law of 12 Tables ( 5th c. BC); first corpus of written law in Europe

  • → the Plebs got the right of VETO

  • ( theTribunes of Plebs) on the decisions by public officials



THAT THE ROMAN GOVERNMENT SYSTEM WAS A DEMOCRACY?

  • THAT THE ROMAN GOVERNMENT SYSTEM WAS A DEMOCRACY?

  • P. 66 “ The Roman Constitution”



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