The plant taxa of H. N. Ridley, The primitive angiosperms
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| The plant taxa of H.N. Ridley, 4. The primitive angiosperms (Austrobaileyales, Canellales, Chloranthales, Laurales, Magnoliales, Nymphaeales and Piperales) I.M. Turner Fairfield, Pett Level Road, Winchelsea Beach, East Sussex TN36 4ND, U.K. turner187@btinternet.com ABSTRACT. The names of plant taxa authored by H.N. Ridley from the orders of primitive angiosperms are enumerated. A total of 157 taxa across 11 families (Annonaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Chloranthaceae, Illiciaceae, Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Monimiaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Piperaceae, Trimeniaceae and Winteraceae) and seven orders (Austrobaileyales, Canellales, Chloranthales, Laurales, Magnoliales, Nymphaeales and Piperales) are listed with synonyms and accepted names. The types are listed for those taxa that Ridley described. Lectotypes are designated for 37 taxa. Melodorum breviflorum Ridl. (Annonaceae) is transferred to Fissistigma, and two Ridley species in Piperaceae that are later homonyms are provided with new names: Peperomia kerinciensis I.M.Turner for Peperomia villosa Ridl. (1917, nom. illegit. non P. villosa C.DC. (1866)) and Piper angsiense I.M.Turner for Piper venosum Ridl. (1925, nom. illegit. non P. venosum (Miq.) C.DC. (1869)). Keywords. Austrobaileyales, Canellales, Chloranthales, Laurales, Magnoliales, Nymphaeales, Piperales, primitive angiosperms, Ridley Introduction This paper continues an intermittent series on the plant taxa named by Henry Nicholas Ridley (1855–1956). The three parts published to date (Turner & Chin 1998a, b; Turner 2000), dealt with the pteridophytes, gymnosperms and Zingiberales, respectively. The focus shifts to the primitive angiosperms in the current paper. Ridley described many plant species. Among the primitive angiosperm orders there are numerous examples which are enumerated in this paper. Most of these taxa were described in the course of Ridley’s many papers documenting the diversity of South-East Asian plants often in relation to the research expeditions undertaken by Ridley and others. The three families best represented from among the primitive angiosperms are Annonaceae, Lauraceae and Piperaceae. They are here ordered in terms of declining attention from taxonomists since Ridley’s day. The Annonaceae are a diverse family in tropical Asia represented by many genera. There has been and remains a considerable activity in Annonaceae systematics. The Lauraceae are more poorly served despite 221
Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 221–256. 2012 the efforts of the late A.J.G.H. Kostermans. The Piperaceae in Malesia have been particularly neglected. Ridley’s account in his Flora of the Malay Peninsula is still the only treatment available for the area, though it relies very heavily on the work of C. de Candolle, particularly his paper describing many new species for the Malay Peninsula (Candolle 1912). In a reversal of the general position, the Piperaceae of eastern Malesia (New Guinea) have received more recent attention, largely thanks to Drs. W.L. Chew and R.O. Gardner, than the far west of the region. One surprise from the enumeration is that Ridley seems never to have named any members of the Myristicaceae, despite the nutmegs being both diverse and common in the lowland forests of South-East Asia. Warburg’s monographic work on the family (Warburg 1897) may be one reason for this. Another possible explanation is that the Singapore Botanic Gardens did not have professional tree climbers, so canopy trees were probably little collected by Ridley— there was a vast number of novelties to be found in the lower layers of the forest.
The taxa Ridley described as new are listed against Arabic numbers, and purely nomenclatural novelties are itemised with Roman numerals. Ridley’s combination starts each entry and is given in bold. Synonyms, including basionym where relevant, are given. Where possible a currently accepted name is included in bold small capitals, either included in the list of synonyms if homotypic to Ridley’s taxon or below, preceded by ‘=’, if heterotypic. In some cases the identity of Ridley’s taxon is uncertain (e.g., sheets are determined but the information seems not to have been published), in which instances a question mark is employed, or unknown in which case no accepted name is listed. The place of publication of all names is given and reference to important revisions and monographs are included. For each of the taxa Ridley described, the types are listed including as many syntypes as have been located, and the herbaria in which they are found. The author has seen most of the specimens, but some records come from published sources, information from correspondents or on-line databases. There are doubtless duplicates in other herbaria and there remain a few instances where no type material has yet been found.
A high proportion of Ridley’s taxa requires lectotypification because he rarely designated types from among the various specimens he cited when publishing new taxa. Specimen citation by Ridley can frequently be careless—he often omitted collection numbers, rarely noted collection dates, and generally failed to state in which herbaria material was deposited. He was also inconsistent in annotating the specimens he saw. Typification is therefore often problematic. Ridley’s career can be divided into two main periods—the Singapore years (1888–1912) and the retirement to Kew (1913 onwards). This information is important in making decisions relating to typification of Ridley taxa as it helps identify what is likely to be original material, but experience 222
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