The Three Kingdoms 220-316 Western Jin 265-316



Yüklə 509 b.
tarix23.01.2018
ölçüsü509 b.
#22161


Buddhism, Aristocracy, and Alien Rulers: The Age of Division 220-589


Buddhism, Aristocracy, and Alien Rulers

  • The Three Kingdoms 220-316

  • Western Jin 265-316

  • Northern China controlled by alien tribes from the north

  • The result of this social unrest was damaging to Confucianism, but it increased the popularity of Daoism and Buddhism.



Buddhism, Aristocracy, and Alien Rulers

  • Seven sages of the Bamboo Grove



Buddhism, Aristocracy, and Alien Rulers

  • Sixteen Kingdoms (304-439) nearly ruined destroyed the culture of China.

  • Eventually, China once again came together under Emperor Xiaowen (r. 471-99)

  • Slavery and serfdom became a way of life in China



The Spread of Buddhism



Buddhism—the middle way

  • Spin-off of Hinduism and rejection also of Jainism

  • Had a strong missionary zeal in the early centuries

  • Buddhists can be found throughout all Asia

  • Lived between 560-480 BCE

  • Sheltered life to avoid four troubles:

          • Dead body
          • Aged person
          • Diseased person
          • Ascetic monk
  • Gautama discovered suffering









Buddha’s Pilgrimage

  • Study and asceticism didn’t work for Gautama

  • Meditation yielded Enlightenment (at the age of 35)

  • Tanha (desire, carving) ties us to the endless cycle

  • Travels to Banaras—Deer Park and reunited with his five ascetic friends who become his disciples



Teachings of Buddha

  • Rejected sexism and caste-ism

  • Nuns included

  • Laity obeyed five rules: don’t kill, steal, lie, engage in improper sex, use drugs/alcohol

  • Many parallels with Christ—neither seemed to have intended to start a new religion, both rejected rituals, etc. of other faiths

  • Karma

  • Anatman—the soul doesn’t exist

  • Nirvana—extinguishing of carving or tanha



Four Noble Truths

  • There is suffering

  • The cause of suffering is craving

  • Suffering ends when craving ends

  • The path to the cessation of craving is the Noble Eightfold Pathway

  • A present-day parable:

  • http://www.wolverton-mountain.com/articles/buddha__was__correct_about__one.htm



Eightfold Pathway

  • Right understanding

  • Right intention

  • Right speech

  • Right action

  • Right livelihood

  • Right effort

  • Right mindfulness

  • Right concentration

        • The Eightfold Pathway can be divided into three categories:
        • Conduct-avoid doing harm to others
        • Meditation-provides a clear view of impermanence
        • Wisdom-the understanding of suffering and impermanence


Development of Buddhism



Hinayana

  • Theravada Buddhism found in SE Asia, Sri Lanka

  • Conservative and individualistic group

  • Many Buddhas throughout history

  • Relics important

  • Release is found in self-denial and mediation

  • Vicarious monks—support the monks and you do well

  • Part-time monks

  • Wat similar to a church



Mahayana Buddhism

  • Expansive Buddhism—leaves parable (parallels Calvin’s baby-talk parable)

  • Buddha’s “incarnation”

  • Missionary inclusion similar to Hinduism as B’ism spread, but back in India it was absorbed into the black hole of Hinduism



Mahayana Buddhism

  • Pure Land Sect—parallels heaven, followers can marry and go to “church”

  • Intuitive Sects—Zen seek insight like bo tree by using koans, caused Boston Tea Party, satori is the flash of enlightenment.

  • Rationalist—pragmatists

  • Sociopolitical Sect—Nichiren, simple B’ism, patriotic

  • Tibetan Buddhism



Daoism—the way of nature





Buddhism, Aristocracy, and Alien Rulers: Differential Regional Development

  • China was divided north and south by the mid part of the 5th century—the Chinese “equivalent” of medieval Europe.

  • Northern China

  • old-line families, Confucian traditions central to life, elitist, state-builders,

  • tied to outside ideas from Central Asia including Buddhism

  • Southern China

  • nostalgic refugees p. 103, explored the arts, sought the good life, calligraphy and painting emphasized, Buddhism was translated into traditional Chinese Weltanschauung (worldview)

  • (Perhaps a parallel could be made with America’s division North and South.)



Buddhism, Aristocracy, and Alien Rulers



Buddhism, Aristocracy, and Alien Rulers



Buddhism, Aristocracy, and Alien Rulers



Buddhism, Aristocracy, and Alien Rulers



Buddhism, Aristocracy, and Alien Rulers



Buddhism, Aristocracy, and Alien Rulers



Buddhism, Aristocracy, and Alien Rulers



Buddhism, Aristocracy, and Alien Rulers



Yüklə 509 b.

Dostları ilə paylaş:




Verilənlər bazası müəlliflik hüququ ilə müdafiə olunur ©genderi.org 2024
rəhbərliyinə müraciət

    Ana səhifə