To understand such issues as Prohibition, the changing role of women, and the influence of the Harlem Renaissance



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To understand such issues as Prohibition, the changing role of women, and the influence of the Harlem Renaissance.

  • To understand such issues as Prohibition, the changing role of women, and the influence of the Harlem Renaissance.





What differences exist today between urban (city) and rural lifestyles?

  • What differences exist today between urban (city) and rural lifestyles?



1922-1929 – 2 million people left the farm for the city every year

  • 1922-1929 – 2 million people left the farm for the city every year

  • Big cities: New York City (5.6 million), Chicago (3 million), Philadelphia (2 million)



Cities

  • Cities

  • Competition

  • Change

  • More reading

  • Discussions about science and social ideas

  • Various backgrounds

  • Drinking, casual dating, gambling



18th Amendment – manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol is illegal

  • 18th Amendment – manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol is illegal

  • Rural South and West, Protestants, Women’s Christian Temperance Union

  • After WWI Americans were tired of making sacrifices

  • Volstead Act established a Prohibition Bureau to enforce the law -> underfunded -> difficult to monitor all the roads and coastline





People who smuggled alcohol into the U.S.

  • People who smuggled alcohol into the U.S.



Chicago’s Al Capone was in control of 10,000 speakeasies

  • Chicago’s Al Capone was in control of 10,000 speakeasies

  • $60 million a year

  • 1933 – 21st Amendment repeals Prohibition



Why was the 18th Amendment passed?

  • Why was the 18th Amendment passed?



1. What problems did people see in society at the turn of the century?

  • 1. What problems did people see in society at the turn of the century?

  • 2. Why did they think Prohibition would solve these problems?

  • 3. What strategies/evidence did temperance advocates use to convince people to support Prohibition?



http://www.history.com/topics/al-capone/videos#st-valentines-day-massacre

  • http://www.history.com/topics/al-capone/videos#st-valentines-day-massacre

  • The Untouchables



Should America continue to promote fascination with Capone through museums, memorabilia, and tours of gangland sites?

  • Should America continue to promote fascination with Capone through museums, memorabilia, and tours of gangland sites?



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4wl9n-Gmsw

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4wl9n-Gmsw



What differences exist between urban (city) and rural (small town) lifestyles in the 1920s?

  • What differences exist between urban (city) and rural (small town) lifestyles in the 1920s?



Fundamentalist religious groups vs. secular (nonreligious) thinkers



Waves of people become very religious

  • Waves of people become very religious

  • Question authority and elite

  • Passionate speakers feel a direct connection with God

  • The First Great Awakening (1740s-1750s)

  • The Second Great Awakening (1820s-1840s)



Fundamentalism (1920s)

  • Fundamentalism (1920s)

    • Protestant movement
    • Belief in literal translation of the Bible – all stories in the Bible are true
    • Against the sins of modern life
    • Against Darwin’s theory of evolution
    • Preachers in the South and West lead religious revivals
    • Prohibit the teaching of evolution


John T. Scopes – biology teacher from Dayton, Tenn. who challenges the Butler Act

  • John T. Scopes – biology teacher from Dayton, Tenn. who challenges the Butler Act

  • American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) hires Clarence Darrow to defend him

  • William Jennings Bryan = prosecutor



Why did people care about the Butler Act?

  • Why did people care about the Butler Act?

  • Textbook – A Civic Biology

  • Go to the back of the Guiding Questions



http://historicalthinkingmatters.org/scopestrial/

  • http://historicalthinkingmatters.org/scopestrial/





1. Who supported the Butler Act? What were their reasons?

  • 1. Who supported the Butler Act? What were their reasons?

  • 2. Who opposed the Butler Act? What were their reasons?

  • 3. How did Reverend Straton view the big cities? How did the NY Times view Dayton, Tennessee? Why did those views play a role in the Scopes Trial?

  • 4. In what ways did the historical context of the 1920s affect the battle over the Butler Act?

  • 5. How was the Scopes Trial more than just a simple debate between evolution and creationism?



Fundamentalism – Protestant movement based on a literal interpretation of the Bible

  • Fundamentalism – Protestant movement based on a literal interpretation of the Bible

  • All stories in the Bible are true

  • Reject theory of evolution = Charles Darwin’s theory that plant and animal species have changed over millions of years

  • Evolution from apes vs. Bible creationism



March 1925 Tennessee passes law outlawing the teaching of evolution

  • March 1925 Tennessee passes law outlawing the teaching of evolution

  • American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) defends John T. Scopes, a young biology public school teacher who tells students humans have evolved

  • Clarence Darrow defends Scopes

  • William Jennings Bryan prosecutes

  • Scopes is found guilty and law stays in effect



1999 – Kansas State School Board votes to eliminate the teaching of evolution

  • 1999 – Kansas State School Board votes to eliminate the teaching of evolution

  • Supreme Court says evolution must only be taught as scientific fact + creationism may not be taught as scientific fact (in public schools)



1. Issue -> Legislation -> Outcome

  • 1. Issue -> Legislation -> Outcome

    • Issue = prohibition (illegal to sell or manufacture)
    • Issue = teaching evolution
  • 2. Explain how urbanization created a new way of life that often clashed with the values of traditional rural society.

  • 3. Describe the controversy over the role of science and religion in American education and society in the 1920s.





How is the music you listen to different than the music your parents listen to?

  • How is the music you listen to different than the music your parents listen to?

  • Do you think your attitude towards life is different than your parents?



A rebellious, pleasure-loving

  • A rebellious, pleasure-loving

  • atmosphere of the 1920s

  • independence

  • 19th Amendment – women suffrage

  • Flapper = a free young woman who embraced the new fashions and current urban attitudes

    • Shorter dresses, smoked cigarettes, talked about sex, danced
    • Marriage = more of an equal partnership


Fox trot, camel walk, tango, Charleston, shimmy, dance marathon

  • Fox trot, camel walk, tango, Charleston, shimmy, dance marathon

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcemYjTdvZ8



Flappers were like women of today because ______________ and they were unlike women of today because __________________________.

  • Flappers were like women of today because ______________ and they were unlike women of today because __________________________.



Still influenced by tradition/church

  • Still influenced by tradition/church

  • Casual dating becomes more accepted

  • The Double Standard = a set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women



How were women freed from some household chores?

  • How were women freed from some household chores?



Time saving appliances

  • Time saving appliances

  • Business growth leads to jobs for millions of women



Women replaced by men after WWI

  • Women replaced by men after WWI

  • “women’s professions” = teachers, nurses, librarians

  • Big business = typists, filing, assembly line workers

  • Few become managers

  • Earn less than men

  • Men felt women should stay at home (job competition)





Margaret Sanger opens birth control clinic (1916)

  • Margaret Sanger opens birth control clinic (1916)

  • Women have more time for children and reading

  • Marriages are based more on romance

  • Children are in school

  • More social time, peer pressure, rebellious children



Double standard refers to stricter _________ standards for ____________ than for ___________ in the 1920s.

  • Double standard refers to stricter _________ standards for ____________ than for ___________ in the 1920s.

  • What is your opinion of the double standard?

  • Women had new roles in the 1920s such as __________________.



1. How do you think women’s lives changed most dramatically in the 1920s?

  • 1. How do you think women’s lives changed most dramatically in the 1920s?

    • Think about families and jobs.
  • 2. Do you think that some women of this decade made real progress towards equality?

    • Think about double standard, the flapper’s style and image, changing views of marriage




1914 = 1 million American students in high school -> college-bound

  • 1914 = 1 million American students in high school -> college-bound

  • 1926 = 4 million -> college-bound and vocational training

  • Before WWI – a million immigrants a year come to America



Literacy increased

  • Literacy increased

  • Newspapers printed sensational stories



By 1930 – 40 percent of American households had radios

  • By 1930 – 40 percent of American households had radios

  • News and sporting events



More money + more leisure time = money for entertainment

  • More money + more leisure time = money for entertainment





First non-stop solo flight

  • First non-stop solo flight

  • across the Atlantic



“Talkies” doubled the movie attendance

  • “Talkies” doubled the movie attendance

  • The Jazz Singer 1927

  • Disney’s Steamboat Willie 1928

    • Video clip


Sinclair Lewis

  • Sinclair Lewis

  • F. Scott Fitzgerald

    • The Great Gatsby
    • “Jazz Age”
  • Edna St. Vincent Millay

  • Ernest Hemmingway





Great Migration (1910-1920) – African Americans from the South migrate to northern cities

  • Great Migration (1910-1920) – African Americans from the South migrate to northern cities

  • Push factors

  • Pull factors



25 urban race riots in 1919

  • 25 urban race riots in 1919

  • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) – protest racial violence

  • James Weldon Johnson fights for anti-lynching laws



During the Great _______________ African Americans moved from the ________ to the __________.

  • During the Great _______________ African Americans moved from the ________ to the __________.

  • The NAACP fought to improve the lives of __________________ by __________________________.



African Americans face daily threats and discrimination

  • African Americans face daily threats and discrimination

  • Marcus Garvey - African Americans should build a separate society

  • Spreads a radical message of black pride

  • 1914 – Garvey establishes the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)





Marcus Garvey’s goals were different than the NAACP’s because _____________________.

  • Marcus Garvey’s goals were different than the NAACP’s because _____________________.



Harlem, NYC = world’s largest black urban community

  • Harlem, NYC = world’s largest black urban community

  • A literary and artistic movement celebrating African American culture



Resist prejudice/discrimination

  • Resist prejudice/discrimination

  • The struggle of living in the black ghetto

  • Take pride in surviving slavery through creativity and strength





Jazz is born in the early 1900s in New Orleans

  • Jazz is born in the early 1900s in New Orleans

  • Musicians blend instrumental ragtime with vocal blues

  • Louis Armstrong helps spread jazz to large cities

  • Most popular music for dancing

  • Played at exotic nightclubs like the Cotton Club

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GohBkHaHap8



The results of the migration of African Americans to northern cities in the 1920s include ____________________.

  • The results of the migration of African Americans to northern cities in the 1920s include ____________________.

  • Examples of the artistic activity that became known as the Harlem Renaissance include ________________________.



Page 452-457

  • Page 452-457

  • Guided Reading



1. Describe the atmosphere of the Cotton Club.

  • 1. Describe the atmosphere of the Cotton Club.

  • 2. Who owned the club?

  • 3. Where was it located?

  • 4. What did people do at the Cotton Club?

  • 5. Describe how black and white people interacted there.



Student #1 = Questions 1-5

  • Student #1 = Questions 1-5

  • Student #2 = Questions 6-10

  • Student #3 = Questions 11-15

  • 15 minutes for research

  • 10 minutes per student to share responses

  • Pages 434-457



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