Toshkent davlat stomatologiya instituti m. N. Israilova lotin tili va tibbiy farmatsevtik terminologiya asoslari

IX BOB. SO‘Z YASASH
9.1. Suffiksatsiya

So‘z asosan suffiks va prefix orqali yasaladi. Suffiks otning asosiga qo‘shilib so‘zning ma’nosini o‘zgartiradi.

Otlarga qo‘shiluvchi suffikslar

1. Kichraytirish ma’nosini bildiruvchi suffikslar:

Suffikslar	O‘zagi	Natija
-ul (us, a, um)	glob-us shar	glob-ulus sharcha
-cul (us, a, um)	aur-is quloq	aur-i-cula quloqcha
-ol (us, a, um)	are-a maydon	are-ola maydoncha
-ell (us, a, um)	cereb(rum) miya	cereb-ellum miyacha
-ill (us, a, um)	mam(ma) sut bezi	mam(m)-illa so‘rg‘ich
2. Harakat, jarayonni bildiruvchi suffikslar
-io (tio, sio, xio)	flex-um bukish	flex-io bukilish
3. Predmet (organ, instrument, pribor) ni bildiruvchi suffikslar
- or (tor, sor, xor)	adduct-um yaqinlashtirmoq	m. adduct-or yaqinlashtiruvchi m.
4. Harakat natijasini bildiruvchi suffikslar
-ura (tura, sura, xura)	incis-um kesmoq	incis-ura kesma

Sifatlarga qo‘shiluvchi suffikslar 1. Belgiga boy bo‘lish ma’nosini bildiruvchi suffikslar
-os (us, a, um)		fibra tola squam-a tangacha		fibrosus tolaga boy squam-osus tangachali
2. Tegishlilik ma’nosini bildiruvchi suffikslar
-al (is, e)		coron-a toj		coron-alis tojga oid
-ar (is, e)		clavicul-a o‘mrov		clavicul-aris o‘mrovga oid
-ic (us, a, um)		thorax, acis ko‘krak qafasi		thorac-icus ko‘krak qafasiga oid
-e (us, a, um)		perone kichik boldir suyagi		peron-eus kichik boldir suyagiga oid
3. O‘xshashlik ma’nosini bildiruvchi suffikslar
-ide (us, a, um)		rhombos romb		rhombo-ideus rombsimon
-ides		delta		delta-ides
-form (is, e)		crux, crucis xoch		cruci-formis xochsimon
4. Tashuvchi ma’nosini bildiruvchi suffikslar
-fer (us, a, um)	semen, inis urug‘		semin-i-ferurug‘ tashuvchi
-phor (us, a, um)	oon tuxum		oo-phorustuxum tashuvchi
5. Kasallik chaqiruvchi ma’nosini bildiruvchi suffikslar
-gen (us, a, um)	Cancerrak		cancero-genusrak chaqiruvchi
-genes	Pyonyiring		pyo-genusyiring chaqiruvchi

Mustahkamlash uchun mashqlar

1. 
   tuberalis, tuberosus, tuberculum, tuberositas, tubercularis; tubus, tubulus, tuba, tubula tubalis; bulla, bullosus; capitulum, capitalis; denticulus, dentalis; vesiculla, vesicularis.
   
2. 
   cuticula, tuberculum, mammilla, frenulum, glomerulum, ossiculum, ventriculus, corpusculum, lingual, lingualis, lingularis, radicula, ventralis, dorsalis, tympanicus, caninus, meningeus, membranosus, cardiogenus, spongiosus, analis, femoralis, geniculum, maxillafis, mandibularis, mucosa, serosa, granulosus, alveolaris, gluteus, coccygeus, carpeus, parotideus, tarseus, phalangens, caroticus, pubicus, neurogenus.
   
3. 
   papilla parotidea, ductus pancreaticus, fossa condylaris, lossula petrosa ossis temporalis, incisura fibularis, processus styloideus, ductus hepaticus, os scaphoideum, platum osseum, vena gastric, m. gluteus, arteria meningea, ductuli prostatici, fossa canina maxillae, cavitas medullaris, cornu sacrale, apex ossis sacri, tuber ischiadicum, systema nervosum centrale.
   

9.2. Lotin-Yunon prefikslari (old qoshimchasi)

So‘z yasashda prefix muhim vazifani bajaradi. Prefix otdan oldin ya’ni asosdan oldin qo‘yiladi. U o‘zbek tiliga old qo‘shimcha deb tarjima qilinadi.

Quyida Lotin-Yunon prefikslari jadvalini keltiramiz:

№	Prefikslar		Ma’nosi	Misollar	Tarjimasi
	lotin	yunon
1	ad-		yaqinlash-tiruvchi	adductor	yaqinlashtiruvchi m.
2	ab-	apo-	uzoqlash­tiruvchi	abductor apophysis	uzoqlashtiruvhi m. o‘simta
3	intra- intro-	endo-	ichki	intraabdominalis endoderma	qorin ichidagi ichki varaq
4	extra-	ecto- exo-	tashqi	extrauterinus exoglossia exoplasma	bachadondan tash­qari tilning kattalashuvi sitoplazma tashqi qavati
5	infra- sub-	hypo-	ostki kam	infrascapularis hypogastricus hypotonia	kurak osti qorin osti qon bosimi kamayishi
6	super- supra-	epi- hyper-	yuqori ortiq	supraorbitalis epiphysis epigastricus	ko‘z kosasi usti naysimon suyaklar uchi qorin usti
7	ante- prae-	pro-	oldingi	antebrachium anteuterinus pronephros	bilak bachadon oldi oldingi buyrak
8	post-	meta-	orqadagi so‘ng	postoperativus metacarpus metabolismus	operatsiyadan so‘ng kaft modda almashinuvi
9	inter-	meso-	o‘rta	intervertebralis mesoderma	umurtqalararo o‘rta varaq
10	circum-	peri- para-	atrofida	circumferentia periosteum parasternalis	aylana suyak usti pardasi to‘sh yoni
11	trans-	dia-	ko‘nda­lang	transplantatio diathermia	ko‘chirib o‘tkazish issiq o‘tkazish
12	retro- re-		orqadan qaytadan	retromandibu­laris retroflexio reanimatio	pastki jag‘ orqasidagi orqaga bukish qayta jonlantirish
13	con- com-	sym- syn-	bilan	compressor symbiosis synostosis	qisish birga yashash suyaklararo suyakli birikish
14	contra-	anti-	qarshi	contralateralis contraindication antitoxia	qarama-qarshi turgan davolashning to‘g‘ri kelmasligi zaharga qarshi
15	in-	en-	ichkari	injectio encephalon	dori yuborish bosh miya
16	ex-	ec-	tashqari	extremitas ectropium	uchi, oxiri qovoqning tashqariga qayrilishi
17	im-	a- an-	-siz	impotentia impar analgia	kuchsizlik juftsiz, toq og‘riqni qoldirish
18		dys-	buzilish	dystonia dyspepsia	qon bosimi buzilishi ovqat hazm qilishning buzilishi
19		eu-	normal	eurhytmia eupnoe	normal ritm to‘g‘ri nafas olish
20	dis-	dia-	bo‘lish	disseminatio diagnosis	sochilib ketmoq kasallikni aniqlash
21	de- des-	se-	ajratish	desinfectio depressor	zaharli mikroblardan tozalash tushiruvchi m.

Mustahkamlash uchun mashqlar:

Berilgan atamalarni tarkibiy qismlarga ajratib ma’nosini tushuntiring:

extrapyramidalis, extramuralis (murus – devor), paravesicalis, sub­mandibularis, retrobuccalis, premolaris (dentes), subpleuralis, connec­tivus (textus – to‘qima: necto - birlashtirmoq), adducens (duco – o‘tkazmoq), abducens, abductio, praeglaucoma, praecancerosus, infraor­bitalis, supraclavicularis, infratrochlearis, supratrochlearis, interclavi­cularis, interosseus, intralobularis, intramuscularis, parasternalis, epis­ternalis, suprasternalis, subcorticalis, subduralis, epitympanicus, endo­cevicalis, applicatio (applico - yopishtirmoq), antenatalis (natus – tug‘ilish), postnatalis, intertarsea, intranatalis, mesoduodenum, interalveolaris, subcutaneus, extrapulmonalis.
Ibratli so‘zlar
1. De gustibus et coloribus non Ta’m va rang haqida

est disputandum. tortishmaydilar.

2. Feci quod potui, faciant meliora Men qo‘limdan kelganini qildim,

potentes. kim uddalasa undan yaxshiroqqilsin.

Leksik minimum

abscessus, us m	yiring
cancer,cri m	rak, saraton
caries, ēi f	kariyes, chirish
colĭca, ae f (греч.)	to‘satdan qorinda bo‘lgan og‘riq
coma, ătis n (греч.)	koma, bexush holat
comatōsus, a, um	behushlikka oid
cysta, ae f (греч.)	kista, o‘simta
cystōsus, a, um	o‘simtaga oid
diabētes, ae f (греч.)	Qand kasalligi
diabeticus, a, um	Qand kasa-liga oid
eczĕma, ătis n (греч.)	toshma
fractūra, ae f	sinish
gangraena, ae f (греч.)	gangrena, yiringlash (suyak), qorason
gangraenosus, a, um	gangrenaga oid
glaucōma, ătis n (греч.)	glaukoma
hernia, ae f	churra
hernialis, e	churraga oid
ictĕrus, i m (греч.)	sariq kasallik
ileus, i m (греч.)	ichak falaji
infectio, ōnis f	yuqumli
infectiōsus, a, um	yuqishga oid, yuqumli
inflammatio, ōnis f	yallig‘lanish
morbus, i m	kasallik
oedĕma, ătis n (греч.)	shish
paralysis, is f (греч.)	falaj
paralytĭcus, a, um	falajga oid
parēsis, is f (греч.)	bir tomonlama shol
pneumonia, ae f (греч.)	o‘pka yallig‘lanishi
spasmus, i m (греч.)	spazm, tirishish
spasticus, a, um	spazmga oid
trauma, ătis n (греч.)	jarohatlanish
traumaticus, a, um	jarohatlanishga tegishli
ulcus, ĕris n	yara
ulcerōsus, a, um	yaraga oid
varix, ĭcis m, f	variks, vena kengayishi
varicosus, a, um	vena kengayishiga oid
volvulus, i m	ichak buralishi
acūtus, a, um	o‘tkir
benignus, a, um	xavfsiz
diffūsus, a um	yoyilgan, tarqalgan
infantīlis, е	bolalarga xos
juvenīlis, e	yoshlikka xos
malignus, a, um	xavfli
senīlis, e	keksalikka oid