Transliteration of Arabic and Fársí words/names

E.. .

Eirene, Eirenion Eiréné (Greek) one, peace, quietness, rest. Greek goddess of peace (Roman counterpart is Pax). The Eirenion Hall was built in 1897 on the Green Acre property and was used as a lecture hall during the summer lecture series at Green Acre. ‘Abdu’l-Baha gave a number of talks in the hall in 1912.

Erzurum Erzurum city in eastern Turkey (“Erzeroum”). Known as Theodosiopolis in Roman times. Neighbouring city of Artsn (Arzan) was destroyed 1048–49 and citizens moved to Theodosiopolis and called it Artsn Rum (Arzan of the Romans). Muslim citizens changed it to Arzan ar-Rúm (or Arz ar-Rúm) and then to Erzurum.

F.. .

Fa’ida, Fawa’id (Fava’id) Fá’ida, pl. Fawá’id utility, avail, benefit, advantage; gain, profit; interest (on money); useful lesson, moral; use (e.g., of a medicine). The Qur’án forbids usury, not reasonable interest. See riban.

Fa’il, Fa’ilun, Fa’ala Fá‘il, pl. Fá‘ilún, Fa‘ala effective; efficacious, efficient; (pl. fá‘ilún) doer, actor, perpetrator;—(pl. fa‘ala) worker, workman, labourer; active subject of a verbal clause (grammar). See maf‘úl, manṣúb and marfú‘

Fa’iq Fá’iq superior; surpassing, excellent, exquisite, first-rate; outstanding, remarkable, striking; pre-eminent; exceeding, extraordinary; going far beyond (a restriction, etc.); awake, waking, wakeful

Fa’iz, Fa’iza Fá’iz, fem. Fá’iza successful, victorious, triumphant; victor, winner

Fa’izih Fá’izih Pers. “she who has attained”—name given to Gulsurkh Bagum by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá

Fad-dan Fad-dán (feddan) about an acre in size

Fadil (Fazil), Fawadil, Fadilun, Fudala Fáḍil, pl. Fawáḍil, Fáḍilún, Fuḍalá Ar. (Fazel is an old Persian form) remaining, leftover, left, surplus, exceeding, in excess; (pl. fawáḍil) remainder, remnant, residue, rest, leftover, surplus, excess;—(pl. fáḍilún, fuḍalá) outstanding, eminent, very good, first-rate, superior, excellent, distinguished, deserving; learned; man of culture and refinement. Persian (ẓ may be used instead of ḍ): fáḍil, fem. fáḍilat, fáḍila, pl. fáḍilát.

Fadil (Fazil), Fudala Faḍíl, pl. Fuḍalá’ outstanding, eminent, very good, first-rate, excellent; distinguished, deserving; learned, erudite. As the day of the Badí‘ week, Faḍíl: grace, favour.

Fadila, Fada’il Faḍíla, pl. Faḍá’il moral excellence, excellent quality, virtue; merit, advantage, excellence, exquisiteness

Fadilabad (Fazelabad) Fáḍilábád 28 km ene of Gurgán (se corner of the Caspian Sea), Iran

Fadil-i-Qa’ini Fáḍil-i-Qá’iní the Learned One of the Qá’in. A district in the province of Khurásán

Fadl (Fazl), Fudul Faḍl, pl. Fuḍúl surplus, excess, superfluity, overflow; leftover, remainder, remnant, rest; matter of secondary importance, subordinate matter;—pl. that which is superfluous, redundant or in excess, a surplus, superfluity; waste, refuse; droppings, excrement. Persian (ẓ may be used instead of ḍ): faḍlat, faḍla.

Fadlu’llah Faḍlu’lláh Grace of God

Fahandizh Fahandizh Pers. a family name

Fahd, Fuhud, Afhud Fahd, pl. Fuhúd, Afhud lynx (also the term for cheetah and panther)

Fahima, Fahm, Faham Fahima, Fahm, Faham to understand, comprehend, realize (something); to note (something), take note, take cognizance (of something); to hear, learn (of something from), be informed (of something by)

Fahm, Afham Fahm, pl. Afhám understanding; comprehension, grasp; perceptive faculty, perceptivity; brains, intellect; discernment, acumen, penetration, insight, intelligence

Faid (Faiz) Faiḍ (Faiẓ) Pers. of Fayḍ, hence Faiẓí. being plentiful, copious (water, tears); being brim-full (vessel or river); being published, spread (news), divulged (secret); dying, expiring, death; emanation; plenty, abundance; favour, grace, bounty

Fajr Fajr dawn, daybreak, morning twilight; dawn (figuratively), beginning, outset, start; (fem.) morning prayer (Islamic Law)

Fakara, Fakr Fakara (Fakr) to reflect, meditate, cogitate, ponder, muse, speculate (on), revolve in ones mind, think over, contemplate, consider (something) form V to reflect, meditate, cogitate, ponder, muse, speculate (on), revolve in ones mind, think, over, contemplate, consider (something); to think (of) forms V & VIII to remember, recall, recollect (someone, something)

Fakhkhar Fakhkhár (fired) clay; earthenware, crockery, pottery. Tell ‘Akká (inaccurately also called Tell al-Fakhkhár (Hill of Shards) or Napoleon’s Hill.

Fakhr Fakhr glory, pride; honor; vainglorious poetry (as a literary genre)

Fakhru’d-Dawlih Fakhru’d-Dawlih (MF)

Fakhru’d-Din Fakhru’d-Dín (Fakr ed Din)

Fakhru’sh-Shuhada’ Fakhru’sh-Shuhadá’ Pride of Martyrs. Note final Hamza

Fakhura Fákhúra pottery, earthenware manufactory

Falah Faláḥ thriving, prosperity; salvation; welfare; success

Falak, Aflak Falak, pl. Aflák celestial sphere; celestial body, star; circuit, orbit (of celestial bodies). Hence, falak al-burúj (the celestial spheres); falak al-manázil (the celestial stations); falak az-zuḥal (the sphere of Saturn); falak al-mushtarí (the sphere of Jupiter); falak al-mirrikh (the sphere of Mars); falak ash-shams (the sphere of the Sun); falak az-zuhrah (the sphere of Venus); falak ‘uṭárid (the sphere of Mercury); falak al-qamar (the sphere of the moon)

Falaq Falaq daybreak, dawn

Falsafa Falsafa to philosophize; philosophy

Falsafi Falsafí Pers. philosophical; a philosopher

Fana’ Fi’lláh Faná’ Fí’lláh the annihilation of self in God (Scholl, Remembrance of God, p. 5)

Fana’ wa Baqa Faná’ wa Baqá’ annihilation and subsistence (Scholl, Remembrance of God, p. 5)

Fana’ Faná’ passing away, cessation of being; perdition, ruin, destruction, annihilation; evanescence, vanishing, termination, extinction; exhaustion; non-being, non-existence, non-entity; extinction of individual consciousness, recedence of the ego, obliteration of the self (mysticism)

Fana’yan (Fana’ian or Fanaian) Faná’yán Mírzá Faraju’lláh Faná’yán (Junún) (ad 1871–1945)—a shoemaker, Bahá’í and poet

Fanan, Afnan Fanan, pl. Afnán bough or twig. Denotes the male relatives of the Báb

Fani Fání Pers. frail, transitory, perishable, inconstant; tottering (old man); (in the parlance of the Sufis) one who has reached the state of fanáʼ, or annihilation

Fanin Fánin evanescent, transitory, transient, ephemeral, vain; exhausted; far advanced in years, very old

Faniya, Fana’ Faniya (Faná’) to pass away, perish, cease to exist, come to nought; to come to an end, cease, wane, dwindle, evanesce, vanish; to be extinguished, become extinct; to be exhausted, be consumed, be spent; to undergo obliteration of the self; to become totally absorbed (by). See Baqá’

Fann, Funun, Afnan, Afanin Fann, pl. Funún, Afnán, Afánín kind, specimen, variety;—pl. Afánín various sides (of something), diversity;—pl. Funún sciences, arts; modes, ways, manners; tricks, artifices; arts and sciences or technology

Faqarat, Faqar Faqárat, pl. Faqár back joint or vertebrae

Faqih, Fuqaha Faqíh, pl. Fuqahá’ legist, jurisprudent and theologian, expert of fiqh

Faqir, Fuqara’ Faqír, pl. Fuqara’ poor, poverty-stricken; poor man, pauper; mendicant dervish, Sufi mendicant

Faqnas Faqnas phoenix

Faqr Faqr poverty; need, lack, want

Far’, Furu’, Afru’ Far‘, pl. Furú‘, Afru‘ twig, branch, bough, limb, (also colloquial) branches, twigs; derivative; section, subdivision; branch office, subsidiary establishment, branch; branch line, feeder line; branch wire (electricity)

Farab Fáráb village 60 km south of Ardabíl, Iran

Farabi Fárábí Abú Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Al Fárábí (known in West as Alpharabius). Renowned Arab philosopher and jurist. Born in Fáráb or Fáryáb.

Faraburz, Fariburz Faráburz, Faríburz Pers. glorious and mighty. Name of a mighty champion and minister of Iran.

Farada, Faruda, Furud Farada and Faruda (Furúd) to be single, be alone; to be singular, be unique;—farada (furúd) to withdraw, retire, segregate (from)

Faraghih (Farugh) Farághih (Faraghe, Faragheh) village 160 km sw Yazd

Farah, Afrah Faraḥ, pl. Afráḥ joy, gladness, glee, gaiety, hilarity, mirth, exhilaration, merriment, happiness; wedding;—pl. feast of rejoicing, celebration, festival, festivity; wedding (feast)

Farah-Abad Faraḥ-Ábád “The Fair Abode of Joy”, palace near Tehran that was built by Muẓaffari’d-Dín

Farahan Faráhán merry, gay, cheerful, joyful, glad, delighted, happy. County in Markazi Province, Iran.

Farahmand, Farhmand, Farhamand Farahmand, Farhmand, Farhamand Pers. intelligent, wise; near

Faraj Faraj freedom from grief or sorrow, release from suffering; joy; relaxation; relief, ease, repose, pleasure, comfort; happy ending

Faraju’llah Dhaki al Kurdi Faraju’lláh Dhakí al Kurdí see Zakíy

Faraju’llah Tafrishi Faraju’lláh Tafríshí (MF) (from Tafrísh)

Faraju’llah Faraju’lláh God’s relief or rescue

Faramarz Farámarz Pers. keeper of a citadel or fortress; name of the son of Rustam

Faramush Fáramúsh Pers. forgotten, forgetfulness

Faramush-Khanih Farámúsh-Khánih Pers. house of oblivion, Freemasonry headquarters, a corruption of franc-maçonnerie (Freemasonry)

Faran Fárán Pers. small village in Ardistán. Ar. for Párán desert, mountain, wilderness, etc.

Farang, Firing Farang (hence Farangí), Firing Pers. from old French word franc (“Frank”), an Italian, European; a Christian; all nations that wear short garments; ruddy, of pleasing aspect; a galley. See afranj and ifranjí

Faraqa, Farq, Furqan Faraqa (Farq, Furqán) to separate, part, divide, sever, sunder (something); to make a distinction (between), distinguish, differentiate, discriminate (between). See Furqan

Faraqlit Fáraqlíṭ (Fáriq+líṭ) defender, deputy, or intercessor; a distinguisher between truth and error, i.e. Aḥmad, a name of Muḥammad. Arabic rendering of the Greek Paráklētos (Paraclete)

Farasha, Farashah, Farashun Farásha (n. Faráshun), Pers. Farásháh moth; butterfly; flighty, fickle person. Farásháh (now Islámiyih, Eslamiyeh) is a town sw of Yazd, Iran

Faraz Faráz Pers. above, up, upon, on, upwards, aloft, on the top; above and below, up and down; back, behind; after, hereafter

Farazistan Farázistán The heavenly world, title of a volume by Muḥammad Ismá’íl Khán

Fard, Furud Farḍ, pl. Furú

notch, incision; duty, precept, injunction, order, decree, ordinance, command; religious duty (Islamic Law); statutory portion, lawful shore (Islamic Law); assumption, supposition, presupposition, premise, postulate, hypothesis

Farda Fardá Pers. tomorrow. A reply sometimes given to creditors since it never arrives.

Farhad Farhád Pers. elation, happiness

Farhand Farhand Pers. an excavation formed by a torrent; an artificial canal newly dug; a ditch; a stream above ground flowing from one spot to another; a subterraneous canal which works its way from one well to another; anything falling to pieces from age.

Farhang Farhang Pers. good-breeding; greatness; excellence; gravity; wisdom, science; jurisprudence, a dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary, glossary; a vine-branch bent under ground, so that the other extremity shoots up at a distance from the other trunk; a subterraneous canal

Farhangi Farhangí Pers. A preceptor, tutor, teacher, instructor; a man learned in the law.

Farid Faríd alone, lone, lonely, solitary; singular, unique, matchless, peerless, unrivaled, incomparable

Farid Fáriḍ old, advanced in years

Farida, Fara’id Fará’id, pl. Fará’íd precious pearl, precious gem, solitaire; (e.g.) quire (of paper). Mírzá Faḍl’s Kitábu’l-Fará’íd (Book of peerless gems)

Faridu’d-Din ‘Attar Farídu’d-Dín ‘Aṭṭár Great Persian mystic poet “the druggist”

Fariq, Fawariq Fáriq, pl. Fawáriq distinguishing, differential, distinctive, discriminative, separative;—pl. a separating or distinctive factor; distinctive characteristic, criterion; difference, distinction, dissimilarity, disparity

Faris Fáris Arabic for Persia, also Balad Fáris (land of Persia)

Faris, Fawaris Fáris, pl. Fawáris Pers. mounted upon any solid-hoofed animal; a horseman, a cavalier; a lion; the Persians; Persia.

Farisi Fárisí Arabic for Persian; a Persian

Farma Farmá one who issues orders. From the infinitive Farmúdan (to bid, to order), but never used alone, i.e. Farmán-Farmá, the one who establishes order; the Governor.

Farma Farma Pers. violet

Farmahin, Farahan Farmahín, Farahán Farmahín is in Farahán County and is 40 km north of Arák, Iran

Farman, Firman, Faraman Farmán, Pers. also Firmán, pl. Farámán royal decree, command, order or edict. Ar. plural also Faramát or Farámín

Farman-Farma Farmán-Farmá the one who establishes or issues the order; the commander or governor. Title of Prince Ḥusayn ‘Alí Mírzá, grandson of Fatḥ-‘Alí-Sháh

Farmaniyyih Farmáníyyih (“Farmanieh”) once a garden named after Prince Ḥusayn ‘Alí Mírzá, now a district in ne of Teheran

Farnush Farnúsh Pers. fem. name

Farrash, Farrashun Farrásh one who spreads the carpets; servant, attendant; house servant, valet; office boy, errand boy

Farrash-Bashi Farrásh-Báshí head farrásh

Farrukh Farrukh Pers. beautiful-faced; happy, fortunate

Fars Fárs a southern province of Írán, from which the name Persia derives.

Fars Fárs Pers. Persia, Parthia. Párs is the the proper and original name of this country, Arabs, who have not the letter p in their language, replaced it by an F: Fárs

Farsakh, Farasikh Farsakh, pl. Farásikh Pers. A parasang, a league, about 18,000 feet in length; an hour; a long time; an interval; a chink, cleft; quiet, repose; perpetual; much.

Farsang Farsang Pers. A parsang, league, about 5.5 km—the distance a laden mule can travel in an hour. Derived from the Persian parsang (stone, sang, placed by the road).

Farsh, Furush Farsh, pl. Furúsh furnishing; furniture, household effects; mat, rug, carpet; anything spread on the ground as bedding; foundation (architecture)

Farsh, Furush Farsh, pl. Furúsh furnishing; furniture, household effects; mat, rug, carpet; anything spread on the ground as bedding; foundation (architechture)

Farsi Fársí modern Persian

Fars-Namih Fárs-Námih

Faruhar Farúhar Pers. possibly a form of Furúhar (same consonants)

Faryab, Faryaw, Firyab Fáryáb, Fáryáw Pers. ground watered by irrigation. Fáryáb (also Fíryáb), name of village 140 km ne of Bandar Abbas, Iran; and another 195 km sw of Balkh, Afghanistan.

Farzam Farzám Pers. worthy, suiting, befitting. Dr Arbáb Farzám

Farzan Farzán Pers. science, learning; strength, constancy; wise, learned

Farzanih-Mu’ayyad Farzánih-Mu’ayyad Manúchihr Farzánih-Mu’ayyad, martyred 1982

Fasa Fasá village (43 km sw of Isfahan) and district, Iran

Fasaha Faṣáḥa(h) purity of the language; fluency, eloquence

Fashar, Fishar Fashar, Fishár Pers. a scattering; diffusion; compression, constriction, squeezing; the piercing of one thing with another

Fasih, Fusaha’, Fisah, Fusuh Faṣíḥ, pl. Fuṣaḥá’, Fiṣáḥ, Fuṣuḥ pure, good Arabic (language), literary; skilful in using the correct literary language; clear, plain, distinct, intelligible (language, speech); fluent, eloquent

Fasiq, Fasiqun, Fussaq, Fasaqa Fásiq, pl. Fásiqún, Fussáq, Fasaqa godless, sinful, dissolute, wanton, licentious, profligate, vicious, iniquitous, nefarious; trespasser, offender, sinner; fornicator, adulterer; a person not meeting the legal requirements of righteousness (Islamic Law)

Fasl al-Khitab, Faslu’l-Khitab Faṣl al-Khiṭáb, Pers. Faṣlu’l-Khiṭáb “sound or unmistakable judgement” (Fassl-ul-Khitab). The Conclusive Proof or The Decisive Decree by Mírzá Faḍl

Fasl, Fusul Faṣl, pl. Fuṣúl parting, disjunction, detachment, severance, sunderance, cutting off; separation; division, partition; discharge, dismissal.—plural: section, part; chapter; act (of a play); movement (of a symphony, etc.); article (in a newspaper); class, grade (school); season.

Fass, Fusus Faṣṣ, pl. Fuṣúṣ stone of a ring; clove (of garlic); segment (of an orange); lobe (anatatomy, botanical); joint; essence

Fassala, Fussila Faṣṣala, Fuṣṣila to detail, to enumerate; to expound, to elucidate, to explain; to make understandable, to clarify; to be made distinct

Fata Fatá’ youth, adolescence

Fata’a Fata’a not to cease, to be (something)

Fata’l-Malih Fata’l-Malíḥ

Fata’l-Qazvini Fata’l-Qazvíní

Fataha, Fath, Futuh, Futuhat Fataḥa, Fatḥ, pl. Futuḥ, Futuḥát to open (something); to turn on (a faucet); to switch on, turn on (an apparatus); to dig (a canal); to build (a road); to open, preface, introduce, begin (something); to conquer, capture (something); to reveal, disclose (to someone or something); to grant victory or success (to someone over or in something; of God). Plural: conquest; victory, triumph; alms; donations, contributions

Fatama, Fatm Faṭama, Faṭm to wean (an infant or a young animal)

Fath-’Ali Shah Fatḥ-‘Alí Sháh A Qájár king, father of Muḥammad Sháh.

Fath-’Ali Fatḥ-‘Alí

Fath-al-Futuh Fatḥ-al-Futúḥ Victory of Victories

Fath-i-A’zam Fatḥ-i-A‘ẓam “Fatheazam”

Fatha Fatḥa(h or t) the vowel point, the short vowel a (grammar). See

amma and kasra

Fathu’llah Fatḥu’lláh “Victory of God”

Fathu’llah-i-Hakkak Fatḥu’lláh-i-Ḥakkák

Fathu’llah-i-Hakkak-i-Qumi Fatḥu’lláh-i-Ḥakkák-i-Qumí

Fathu’llah-i-Qumi Fatḥu’lláh-i-Qumí

Fatih Fátiḥ opener; beginner; conqueror, victor; light (colour)

Fatiha, Fawatih Fátiḥa, pl. Fawátiḥ start, opening, beginning, commencement, inception, incipience; introduction, preface, preamble, proem. Al-Fátiḥa (or Al-Sab‘a Al Matḥání (the seven oft-repeated) since the verses of Al-Fátiḥa must be read in every prayer) is the first surah (with 7 verses) of the Qur’án. See Qur’án 15:87.

Fatim, Futum Faṭím, pl. Fuṭum weaned

Fatima, Fatimih or Fatimah Fáṭima (Fáṭimah), Pers, Fáṭimih (“One who weans”) Fem. of ‘Fátim’. Fáṭima was the daughter of the Prophet Muḥammad and wife of the Imám ‘Alí. Fáṭimih-Bagum was the mother of the Báb. Fáṭimih Khánum (referred to as Mahd-i-‘Ulyá) (second wife of Bahá’u’lláh—daughter Ṣamadíyyih, son Muḥammad, son Ḍíyá’u’lláh, and son Badí’u’lláh)

Fatimi Fáṭimí Fatimid (adj. and n.). Not Fáṭimid

Fatimiy-i-Ma’sumih Fáṭimiy-i-Ma‘ṣúmih DB p. 224 is incorrect

Fatiq Fatíq unstitched, ripped, ripped open, slit, rent, torn; sharp

Fatir Fáṭir originator or creator. al-Fáṭir, the Creator (God)

Fatra, Fatarat Fatra, Fatarát lassitude, languor, listlessness, slackness, weakness, feebleness, debility; tepidity, indifference, coolness (of a feeling);—(pl.) interval of time, intermission, pause; period, spell, while

Fattah Faṭṭáḥ an opener; a conqueror; a judge, an arbiter; one of the names of God (al-Faṭṭáḥ); name of a bird. Derived from Fataḥa.

Fatwa, Fatva (Pers.), Fatawa Fatwá, pl. Fatáwá a judgement or sentence made by a Muslim muftí (and court)

Fayd (Faid, Faiz), Fayz, Fuyud Fayḍ, Pers. Fayẓ, pl. Fuyúḍ flood, inundation, deluge; emanation; superabundance, plenty, copiousness, abundance; (pl.) stream

Faydi (Faidi, Faizi), Fayzi Fayḍí, Pers. Fayẓí e.g. Afnán Fayḍí

Fayd-i-Aqdas Fayḍ-i-Aqdas (“most holy outpouring”) Signifies revelation in the realm of absolute divine unity itself.

Fayd-i-Muqaddas Fayḍ-i-Muqaddas (“holy outpouring”) and “most holy outpouring” (fayḍ-i-aqdas), as symbols of differential stages of divine revelation (as discussed in The Kitáb-i-Íqán), may also be inferred from the title of The Kitáb-i-Aqdas. Fayḍ-i-Muqaddas signifies revelation and manifestation of the divine in the realm of creation. See Faiḍ.

Faydu’llah (Fazu’llah) Fayḍu’lláh Abundance from God

Fayha Fayḥá’ now known as Damascus (Summons of the Lord of Hosts, para. 252)

Fi Khalali and Fi Khilali Fí Khalali and Fí Khiláli during; in the course of, within, in a given period of

Fi Fí (preposition) in; at; on; near, by; within, during; among, in the company of, with; about, on; concerning, regarding, with reference to, with regard or respect to, as to dealing with, treating of, consisting in (in book titles); for the sake of, on behalf of, because of, for; according to; in proportion to.

Fi’l Fi‘l, pl. Af‘ál, Afá‘íl activity, doing, work, action, performance; function;—(pl. af‘ál, fi‘ál) deed, act, action; effect, impact;—(pl. af‘ál) verb (grammar);—(pl. afá‘íl) great deeds, exploits, feats; machinations

Fi’s-Suluk Fi’s-Sulúk I and II “On the Virtuous Journey” (by the Báb) [elided form of: fí as-Sulúk]

Fida’ Fidá’ redemption, ransoming; ransom; price (one has to pay for something), sacrifice (one makes for something).

Fidal Fiḍál grace, favour. Name given to Tuesday in Badí‘ calendar. See Faḍíl

Fidda, Fiddih (Fizza) Fiḍḍa(h) (Pers. fem. Fiḍḍih) silver. Name of the maid of the wife of the Báb. Pers. may be written as Fiẓẓa.

Fikr Fikr meditation or reflection

Fikum Fíkum Fí+kum, on you

Fil, Fiyala, Fuyul, Afyal Fíl, pl. Fiyala, Fuyúl, Afyál (ivory) elephant; bishop (chess)

Fin Fín Fín Garden in Káshán, Írán

Findik Findík Turkish “hazelnut”

Fiqh Fiqh understanding, comprehension; knowledge. Islamic jurisprudence

Firaydan (Faridan, Feredan) Firaydán (alt. pronunciation Farídán) Pers. county in Iṣfahán Province. The capital of the county is Dárán (or Dárún).

Firaydani (Faridani, Feredani) Firaydání person from Firaydán

Firaydun Firaydún an ancient Persian king.

Firayjat Firayját a place where Bahá’u’lláh stayed. It is 5 km north of the Riḍván Garden, Baghdad.

Firdaws (Firdaus), Faradis al-Firdaws fem., pl. Farádís Paradise

Firdawsi Firdawsí paradisiacal, heavenly

Firdaws-i-A’la Firdaws-i-A‘lá “Supreme Paradise”

Firishta, Firishtih, Firishtagan Firishta, Fem. Firishtih, pl. Firishtagán Pers. an angel; a messenger, apostle. See Ar. Mal’ak/Malak

Firman Firmán Pers. See Farmán

Firq Firq part, portion, division, section, unit; band, company, party, detachment, troop, group; herd, flock

Firqa, Firaq Firqa, pl. Firaq part, portion, division, section, unit; band, company, party, detachment, troop, group; class; grade, class (in school); pupils or students of a course; troupe, ensemble; team, crew; division (military); sect

Firuz Fírúz victorious, triumphant, prosperous, successful; victory; prosperity; the third of the five supplemental days added to the Persian year; name of several Persian kings. See Ẓáfir

Firuzabad Fírúzábád city 85 km south of Shiraz

Firuz-Kuh, Firuzkuh Fírúz-Kúh or Fírúzkúh village 125 km east of Teheran

Fishar-i-Qabr Fishár-i-Qabr Pers. constriction in the grave. Promised after death tortures leading to a fear of being squeezed in the grave.

Fitna, Fitan Fitna, Pers. Fitnah, pl. Fitan temptation, trial; charm, attractiveness; enchantment, captivation, fascination, enticement, temptation; infatuation; intrigue; sedition, riot, discord, dissension, civil strife. Occurs when a Manifestation appears. See also Imtiḥán.

Fitr Fiṭr breaking fast, alms giving at ‘Íd al-Fiṭr (a Muslim festival marking the end of Ramaḍán)

Fitr, Aftar Fitr, pl. Aftár small span (the space between the end of the thumb and the end of the index finger when extended); corner

Fitra, Fitar Fiṭra(t), pl. Fiṭar creation; idiosyncrasy; tendency; wisdom, sagacity; deceit, trick; religion; the power of the Creator;—(pl.) nature, (natural) disposition, constitution, temperament, innate character, instinct

Fitrat Fitrat There are several meanings: original reality, creating and gap. Also the interval between two prophets, or the time between the martyrdom of the Báb and the rise of Bahá’u’lláh. (The Bahá’í Proofs, p. 66)

Fizan,Fezan, Fezzan, Fizzan Fízán (Turkish), Fizzán (Ar.) “rough rocks”, south-western region of modern Libya. It is largely desert, but broken by mountains, uplands, and dry river valleys (wadis) in the north, where oases enable ancient towns and villages to survive deep in the otherwise inhospitable Sahara Desert.

Fu’ad, Af’ida Fu’ád, pl. Af’ida heart (Fuad)

Fu’adiyyih Fu’ádíyyih daughter of Bahá’u’lláh and Munírih Khánum

Fulad, Fuladi Fúlád, adj. Fúládí and Fuládí steel, of steel, made of steel; steely, steel-like, steel-hard

Fulan, Fulana Fulán, fem. Fulána (substituting for an unnamed or unspecified person or thing) so and so

Fulk Fulk (m. and f.) ship, (also collective) ships; Ark (as in Noah’s)

Funduq, Funduqa (Findik) Funduq, Funduqa Pers. hazelnut of filbert-nut; a nut good against the sting of a scorpion; a ball for cannon, musketry, or cross-bow. Ar. Bunduq, Turk. Findík

Furat Furát Pers. very fine, sweet water or waters; the river Euphrates; the sea

Furqan Furqán proof, evidence, discriminator. An important attribute of al-Qur’án (see 2:185) is that of distinction (Furqán), for the word Qur’án describes how al-Qur’án is recited, whereas the word Furqán describes the criterion that distinguishes between truth (Ḥaqq) and falsehood (Báṭil) (see 25:1). Name of súra 25.

Furugh Furúgh Pers. splendour, light, brightness, flame

Furughi Furúghí (Forooghy)

Furughiyyih Furúghíyyih

Furuhar, Farawahar (Faravahar) Furúhar, Farawahár classical Pers. matter, essence (distinguished from accident). The new Persian reading of Furúhar (frwhr فروهر) is Farawahár, Faravahár, Forouhar. The Farawahár, also known as Farr-i-Kiyání (فرکیانی) or Ashu Farúhar, is one of the best-known symbols of Iran. It symbolizes Zoroastrianism and Iranian nationalism. The Farawahár is the most worn pendant among Iranians and has become a secular national symbol, rather than a religious symbol. It symbolizes good thoughts (pindár-i-nik), good words (speech) (guftár-i-nik) and good deeds (kirdár-i-nik), which are the basic tenets and principles of Zoroastrianism.  The winged-disc symbol (“guardian angel”) of Zoroastrianism is traditionally interpreted as a depiction of a frawashi—the Avestan language term for the Zoroastrian concept of a personal spirit of an individual, whether dead, living and yet-unborn.

Furutan Furútan (“The humble”)

Fususu’l-Hikam Fuṣúṣu’l-Ḥikam The Bezels of Wisdom by Ibnu’l-‘Arabí. See Faṣṣ and Ḥikma

Futuhat-i-Makkiyyih Futúḥát-i-Makkíyyih “Conquests of Mecca” by Shaykh Ibnu’l-‘Arabí. See Fataḥa and Makkí