Transliteration of Arabic and Fársí words/names

H.. .

Ha, Ha’at Há’, pl. Ha’át Arabic letter

Ha, Had, Hadihi, Hadi, Ha’ula’i, Hadani Há look! there! há huwa look, there he is! há antum you there! as a prefix (mostly written defectively): hádá, f. hádihí, hádí,—pl. há’ulá’i, dual m. hádání, f. hátáni this one, this

Habash, Ahbash al-Ḥabash, pl. al-Aḥbash Abyssinia, Ethiopia;—pl. the Abyssinians, Ethiopians

Habba, Hubb Ḥabba, Ḥubb to love, like; to evoke (in someone), love or a liking (for something or someone); to endear (something to someone), make (something) dear, lovable, attractive (for someone), make (something) palatable, acceptable (to someone); to urge (something on someone), suggest (something to someone)

Habib, Ahibba, Ḥabíb, pl. Aḥabbá, Aḥibba beloved, sweetheart, lover; darling; dear one, friend; dear

Habibi Ḥabíbi, Pers. Ḥabíbih my love

Habibu’llah Ḥabíbu’lláh beloved of God

Habibu’llah-i-Afnan Ḥabíbu’lláh-i-Afnán, Ḥájí Mírzá

Habr, Hibr, Ahbar Ḥabr, Ḥibr, pl. Aḥbár a non-Muslim religious authority, learned man, scribe; bishop; rabbi

Hada, Hadihi, Hadi Hádá, fem. Hádihí, Hádí, pl. Há’ulá’i this one, this

Hada, Hadihi, Hadi, cont. Hádání dual m., f. Hátáni

Hada, Hadihi, Hadi, Ha’ula’i, Hadani Hádá (demonstrative pronoun) fem. hádihí, hádí, pl. há’ulá’i, dual masc. hádáni, dual fem. hátáni this one, this

Hadatha, Huduth Ḥadatha (Ḥudúth) to happen, occur, take place, come to pass. Root of ḥadíth

Hadba, Ahdab Ḥadbá’, fem. Aḥdab, pl. Ḥudb hunchbacked, humped. The historic Great Mosque of al-Núrí in Mosul is famous for its leaning minaret which gave the city its nickname “the hunchback” (al-Ḥadbá’). See root word Ḥadiba

Hadd, Hudud Ḥadd, pl. Ḥudúd (cutting) edge (of a knife, of a sword); edge, border, brink, brim, verge; border (of a country), boundary, borderline; limit (figurative), the utmost, extremity, termination, end, terminal point, terminus; a (certain) measure, extent, or degree (attained); (mathematics) member (of an equation), term (of a fraction, of a proportion); divine ordinance, divine statute (limit, prohibition or penalty fixed by God); legal punishment (Islamic Law)

Hadha, Hadhihi, hadhi, Ha'ula’i Hádhá (demonstrative pronoun) fem. hádhihí, hádhí, pl. há’ulá’i, dual m. hádháni, fem. hátáni this one, this

Hadi Hádí a director, leader, guide; one who enjoys rest or peace; the neck; head or point of an arrow; an ox in the centre of a threshing-floor, round which the other oxen move when treading out the grain

Hadiba, Hadab Ḥadiba, (verbal noun Ḥadab) to be convex, dome-shaped, cambered, bent outward; to be hunchbacked; to be nice, kind, friendly

Hadid, Hada’id Ḥadíd, pl. Ḥadá’id iron;—pl. iron parts (of a structure); forgings, hardware, ironware

Hadid, Hidad, Ahidda Ḥadíd, pl. Ḥidád, Aḥiddá’, Aḥidda sharp (knife, eye, tongue, etc.), keen (mind)

Hadin, Hadinun, Huha Hádin, pl. Hádinún, Hudá(h) leading, guiding; leader, guide

Hadiqat Ḥadíqat an inclosed garden; an orchard, a palm-plantation; name of a village near Madína

Hadiqatu’r-Rahman Ḥadíqatu’r-Raḥmán the Orchard of the Merciful

Hadir, Huddar, Hudur, Hadara Ḥáḍir, pl. Ḥuḍḍar, Ḥuḍúr, Ḥaḍara present; attending;—(pl. ḥuḍḍár, ḥaḍara) settled, sedentary, resident, village or town dweller, not nomadic. See ḥáẓir

Hadith Ḥádith, Ḥawádith, also Ḥáditháth occurring, happening, taking place; new, recent; fresh;—(pl.) occurrence, incident, event, happening; episode; case (jurisprudence) accident, mishap

Hadith, Ahadith Ḥadíth, pl. Aḥádíth, Ḥádithán speech; chat, chitchat, small talk; conversation, talk, discussion; interview; prattle, gossip; report, account, tale, narrative; Prophetic tradition, Hadith, narrative relating deeds and utterances of the Prophet and his Companions. Root of Ḥadíth is ḥadatha. Aḥádíth are the oral sayings of the Prophet Muḥammad and the Imáms. Two distinct types: al-Ḥadíth an-Nabawí and al-Ḥadíth al-Qudsí. The former (Prophetic or regular) being restricted to the sayings of Muḥammad (a Ḥadíth where one of the Companions reports Muḥammad’s statements, his deeds, or things that happened in his presence and he approved of them), while the latter (Divine) pertains to the sayings of the Prophet through the medium of Divine inspiration.

Haditha, Hawadith Ḥáditha, pl. Ḥawádith occurrence, event, happening; plot (of a play); incident, episode; accident, mishap

Hadith-i-Jabir Ḥadíth-i-Jábir

Hadiya Ḥadiya to remain, stay (at a place), stick (to a place). Name given as location where of Shaykh Aḥmad-i-Aḥsá’í, the leader of the Shaykhís, died. It is near the tomb of Muḥammad in Medina. He is buried in the cemetery of Baqí‘ in Medina.

Hadiya, Hadaya Hadíya, pl. Hadáyá gift, present, donation; offering, sacrifice

Hadiya, Hadiyat Hádiyat, Hádiya, fem. Hádíyyih Pers. the leader of a flock; a stick, staff

Hadiy-i-Dawlat-Abadi Hádíy-i-Dawlat-Ábádí

Hadiy-i-Nahri Hádíy-i-Nahrí (MF)

Hadiy-i-Qazvini Hádíy-i-Qazvíní

Hadra (Hadrat), Hazrat Ḥaḍra(t), Pers. Ḥaẓrat presence, threshold; dignity; majesty; dominion, power; an epithet often joined with the names of the Deity; also a title by which kings and great men are addressed, similar to majesty, highness, lordship, worship. Used broadly by mystics as a synonym of ḥuḍúr, “being in the presence [of Alláh]”. Holiness (‘his excellency’ or ‘his honour’). Placed before the name of the Manifestation or other figures with a high spiritual station.

Hadramawt (Hadramaut), Hadhramaut Ḥaḍramawt, Hadhramaut a region in the south of the Arabian peninsula—part of Yemen (claimed burial place of Húd)

Hadrat-i-A’la or Hadrat-i-’Ala Ḥaḍrat-i-A‘lá “His Holiness the Most Exalted One” (a designation of the Báb)

Hadrat-i-Mubashshir Ḥaḍrat-i-Mubashshir “His holiness the Herald”

Hadratu’llah (Hazratu’llah) Ḥaḍratu’lláh The Lord God

Hafiz Ḥáfiẓ a keeper, preserver, guardian; a commander, governor; the Preserver of all things (God); gifted with a good memory; one who has by heart the whole Qurʼán; a blind man (because such fall frequently under the preceding category); pen name of the greatest lyric, mystical poet of Persia, Khwája Shams al-Dín Muḥammad Ḥáfíẓ-i-Shírází (1320–1390), author of odes in the ghazal form. The Tomb of Ḥáfiẓ and its associated memorial hall, the Ḥáfiẓih, are two memorial structures erected in the northern edge of Shiraz, in his memory.

Hafizu’s-Sihhih Ḥafiẓu’ṣ-Ṣiḥḥih Mírzá ‘Abdu’l-Rahím Khán Ḥafiẓu’ṣ-Ṣiḥḥih, Bahá’í World, vol. ix, pp. 613–4.

Haft-Dast Haft-Dast Pers. seven hands

Haft-Vadi Haft-Vádí (Seven Valleys) (by Bahá’u’lláh)

Hahut Háhút realm of the “Absolute Unknown”, where God’s essence has been hidden from time immemorial and will continue to remain so for eternity. See Láhút, Jabarút, Malakút, and Násút.

Haifa Ḥaifá’ Haifa

Haira, Hairat Ḥaira (Ḥairat) confusion, perplexity, bewilderment, embarrassment, helplessness, embarrassed, at a loss, helpless

Hajar al-Aswad al-Ḥajar al-Aswad Pers. al-Ḥajaru’l-Aswad. the Black Stone of the Ka‘ba at Mecca. Size about 160 (6.3”) x 200 (7.9”) mm

Hajar Hájar Hagar, wife of Abraham and the mother of Ismá‘íl

Hajar, Hijarat, Ahjar, Hijar Ḥajar, pl. Ḥijára(t), Aḥjár, Ḥijár stone; the philosopher’s stone; weight (placed as an equipoise on the scale of a balance)

Hajara, Hajr, Hijran Hajara, Hajr, Hijrán to emigrate; to dissociate oneself, separate, part, secede, keep away

Haji Shah-Muhammad Ḥájí Sháh-Muḥammad Ḥájí Sháh-Muḥammad Manshadí, Amín’l-Bayán (Trustee of Ḥuqúqu’lláh)

Hajib, Hujjab Ḥájib, pl. Ḥujjáb, Ḥajaba concealing, screening, protecting; doorman, gatekeeper; court official, equivalent to a chamberlain

Hajibu’d-Dawlih Ḥájibu’d-Dawlih

Hajj (Haji), Hajjaj, Hajij Ḥájj (Pers. Ḥájí), pl. Ḥujjáj, Hajíj pilgrim; hadji; Mecca pilgrim, honorific title of one who has performed the pilgrimage to Mecca

Hajj, Hijja, Hijaj Ḥajj, Ḥijja, pl. Ḥijaj pilgrimage (to Mecca)

Hajr Hajr abandonment, forsaking, leaving, separation; avoidance, abstention; separation from the beloved one; hottest time of the day. Variation hijr.

Hakam, Hukkam Ḥakam, pl. Ḥukkam arbitrator, arbiter; umpire, referee

Hakim, Hukama’ Ḥakím, pl. Ḥukamá’ wise, judicious; wise man, sage; philosopher; physician, doctor. al-Ḥakím, the divine name for the All-Wise.

Hakiman Ḥakímán Raḥmatu’lláh Ḥakímán

Hakim-Bashi Ḥakím-Báshí Chief physician

Hakim-Ilahi Ḥakím-Iláhí the Divine Philosopher

Hakkak Ḥakkák a jeweller; a polisher of precious stones; a borer of pearls; a lapidary

Hal, Ahwal Ḥál m. and f., pl. Aḥwál condition, state; situation; position, status; circumstance; case; present, actuality (as opposed to future); circumstantial expression or phrase (grammar);—pl. conditions, circumstances; matters, affairs, concerns; cases; ḥála (preposition) during; immediately upon, right after; just at; in case of …, in the event of …, ḥálan presently, immediately, at once, right away, without delay; now, actually, at present. Pers. Ḥal-i-Shumá, (pl.) Aḥwál-i-Shumá (How are you?)

Hala, Halat Ḥála, pl. Ḥálát condition, state; situation; (possible, actual) case; ḥálata (preposition) during.—pl. states, fleeting and ephemeral, of the Ṣúfí spiritual journey

Halab Ḥalab milk

Halabi Ḥalabí belonging to a milch cow; native of Aleppo; white iron, tin-plate

Halal Ḥalál that which is allowed, permitted or permissible; allowed, permitted, permissible, allowable, admissible, lawful, legal, licit, legitimate; lawful possession

Halih-Halih-Ya-Bisharat Halih-Halih-Yá-Bishárát “Hallelujah, Hallelujah, O Glad-Tidings” (by Bahá’u’lláh)

Halim, Hulama Ḥalím, pl. Ḥulamá mild, mild-tempered, gentle; patient; forbearing

Hallaj Ḥalláj cotton ginner

Halqa, Halaqa, Halaq, Halaqat Ḥalqa(t), Ḥalaqa pl. Ḥalaq, Ḥalaqát ring (also earring, etc.); link (of a chain); circle (also of people); group of students studying under a professor, hence: lecture, course (e.g., at Al Azhar University); part of a sequence or series; ringlet; disk; decade; market

Halqat adh-Dhahabiyya al-Ḥalqat adh-Dhahabiyya the golden circle

Hama, Hamw Hamá, Hamw to flow; to pour forth

Hamad Ḥamád Pers. a village in Khúzistán Province, Iran

Hamadan Hamadán “quelled or subsided” A town in Írán, originally Ecbatana of the ancient Medes.

Hamam, Hamamat, Hama’im Ḥamám, pl. Ḥamámát, Ḥamá’im (Ar.) dove, pigeon

Haman Hamán Pers. only, solely; self-same, all one, one and the same, even that, that very; in this manner, exactly so, thus, equally; always, continually. Name of Abraham's brother; name of Pharaoh's vizier; name of a place in Kirmán where Sháh Ni‘matu’lláh Walí is buried

Hamaza, Hamz Ḥamaza, Ḥamz to bite, or burn, the tongue (taste)

Hamaza, Hamz Hamaza, Hamz to prick; to drive, urge on, prod, goad on (someone, something); to spur (one’s horse); (grammar) to provide with hamza (a letter or word)

Hamd Ḥamd commendation, praise, laudation

Hamdan Ḥamdán praise, one who praises (God)

Hamdu lillah, al- al-Ḥamdu Lilláh thank God! praise be to God! praised be the Lord! “Alhamdulillah”

Hamdu’llah Ḥamdu’lláh Praise of God

Hamid Ḥámid one who praises, a praiser

Hamid, Hamida (Hamidih, Hamideh) Ḥamíd, fem. Ḥamída (Pers. Ḥamídih) praiseworthy, laudable, commendable; benign, harmless (disease)

Hamif, Hunafa’ Ḥaníf, pl. Ḥunafá’ true believer, orthodox; one who scorns the false creeds surrounding him and professes the true religion; true (religion)

Hammal Ḥammál Pers. a porter, carrier of burdens

Hammam Hammám careworn, worried; anxious, solicitous; eager, active, energetic

Hammam Ḥammám, pl. Ḥammámát bath; swimming pool; spa, watering place (public baths) (error in Bahá’í writings—the underdot is omitted)

Hamsaya, Hamsayagan Hamsáya, pl. Hamsáyagán Pers. under the same shade, i.e. neighbouring, neighbour

Hamza, Hamazat Hamza, pl. Hamazát Arabic glottal stop consonant that is pronounced as an a. Since a hamza is not actually a letter, it is sometimes counted as an a, and sometimes it is disregarded. Thus, Bahá’ (the hamza is usually dropped) can be read as either eight or nine.

Hamza, Hamzah (Hamzeh) Ḥamza(h) derived from the Arabic word ḥamuza, meaning strong or steadfast. Muḥammad’s uncle, Ḥamzah ibn ‘Abdu’l-Muṭṭalib.

Hana Ḥaná to bend, curve, twist, turn; to lean, incline (toward someone); to feel for someone, sympathize (with someone), commiserate, pity (someone), feel compassion, feel pity (for someone)

Hanabali, Hanabilat Ḥanabalí, pl. Ḥanábila(t) Hanbalitic, of or pertaining to the madhab of Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal; puritanical, strict in religious matters;—(pl.) Hanabalites, followers of Aḥmad ibn Ḥambal. A system of traditional Sunní jurisprudence—smallest of the four (Ḥanabalí, Ḥanafí, Málikí and Sháfi‘í)

Hanafi, Hanafiun Ḥanafí, pl. Hanafíún, Ḥunafá’ orthodox. One of the four religious Sunní Islamic schools of jurisprudence (fiqh). It is named after the scholar Abú Ḥanífa an-Nu‘man ibn Thábit.

Hanafiya, Hanafiyya Ḥanafíya(t), Ḥanafiyya(t) true religion, orthodoxy

Hana-Sab Ḥaná-Sáb Muḥammad-i-Ḥaná-Sáb

Hanbal Ḥanbal Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal

Hani, Hani’a Háni’, fem. Háni’a happy, delighted, glad; servant; fem. servant girl, maid

Hani’ Haní’ healthful, salutary, salubrious, wholesome, beneficial; pleasant, agreeable; easy, smooth, comfortable

Hanif, Hunafi’ Ḥaníf, pl. Ḥunafá’ true believer, orthodox; one who scorns the false creeds surrounding him and professes the true religion; true (religion)

Hanifa Ḥanífa al-ḥanífa as-samḥá’ the true and tolerant (religion. i.e., Islám). Abú Ḥanífah or Ḥanífih (Pers. forms)

Hanifiya al-Ḥanífíya(h) the true (i.e., Islamic) religion

Hanza Hanzá village in Kirman Province, Irán (also known as Hamzá). About 110 km south of Kirmán.

Hanzala Ḥanẓala(h) Ḥanẓala Ibn Abí ʿÁmir, one of the companions of Muḥammad

Haqani Ḥaqání probably should be Ḥaqqání

Haqiq, Ahiqqa’ Ḥaqíq, pl. Aḥiqqá’ worthy, deserving (of something), fit, competent, qualified; entitled (to)

Haqiqa, Haqa’iq Ḥaqíqa(t), pl. Ḥaqá’iq truth, reality (also philosophy); fact; the true state of affairs, the facts; true nature, essence; real meaning, true sense. The object of the mystic searcher (ṣúfí). Ḥaqíqa ends with a tá’ marbúṭa, hence other forms are ḥaqíqat and ḥaqíqah

Haqiqi Ḥaqíqí real, true; actual; proper, intrinsic, essential; genuine; authentic; positive

Haqq (Haq), Huquq Ḥaqq, Pers. also Ḥaq, pl. Ḥuqúq truth; correctness, rightness; rightful possession; property; ones due; duty; proper manner; true, authentic, real; right, fair and reasonable; correct, sound, valid; al-Ḥaqq an attribute of God;—pl. right, title, claim, legal claim. Persian: name of a bird said to suspend itself by tbe claws at night and continually to cry ḥaq ḥaq.

Haqqa (Haqqah or Haqqat) Ḥáqqa(h) or Ḥáqqa(t) that which sorts out truth from falsehood; that which is inevitable (an epithet of the Day of Judgement). Qur’án 69. The Sure Reality or the Reality

Haqqan Ḥaqqan really, in reality, in effect, actually, in fact, indeed, truly, in truth; justly, rightly, by rights

Haqqani Ḥaqqání correct, right, proper, sound, valid, legitimate, legal

Haqqu’llah, Huququ’llah Ḥaqqu’lláh, pl. Ḥuqúqu’lláh “Right(s) of God”

Harah, Harat Haráh, Pers. Harát Herat (city in nw Afghanistan)

Haram ash-Sharif al-Ḥaram ash-Sharíf “the Noble Sanctuary” or Temple Mount in Jerusalem

Haram, Ahram Ḥaram, pl. Aḥrám forbidden, prohibited, interdicted; taboo; holy, sacred, sacrosanct; something sacred, sacred object; sacred possession; wife; sanctum, sanctuary, sacred precinct. [Ar.] The sacred sanctuary at Mecca where no blood may be spilled, and the four months with the same sanction in the Arabic calendar. Compare with Ḥill.

Haram, Ahram Haram, pl. Ahrám, Ahrámát pyramid

Haram, Hurum Ḥarám, pl. Ḥurum forbidden, interdicted, prohibited, unlawful; something forbidden, offense, sin; inviolable, taboo; sacred, sacrosanct; cursed, accursed

Haramayn (Haramain) al-Ḥaramayn (dual pl. form of Ḥaram, sanctuary) “The Two Holy Places” or “The Two Sanctuaries”, traditional Islamic appellations of the two holy cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina. The “Twin Sacred Shrines” now refers to the places in Shíráz where the Báb was born and where He made His public declaration.

Haraman Ḥarámán Mecca and Madína, the two sacred cities

Haram-i-Aqdas Ḥaram-i-Aqdas Most Holy Sanctuary or Precincts (Shrine of Bahá’u’lláh). nw quadrant of the gardens at Bahjí in the immediate area surrounding the Shrine of Bahá’u’lláh.

Haram-i-Fatima-i-Ma’sumih Ḥaram-i-Fáṭima-i-Ma‘súmih Pers. Shrine of Fáṭima al-Ma‘súmih, sister of Imám ‘Alí ar-Riḍá (8th Imám), in Qum, Iran. See Ma‘súmih

Harati Harátí from Herat, Iran

Harawi Harawí of Herat

Harb Ḥarb war, warfare, battle, conflict; an enemy; a proper name

Harf, Hiraf, Huruf, Ahruf Ḥarf, pl. Ḥiraf, Ḥurúf, Aḥruf (cutting) edge (of a knife, of a sword); sharp edge; border, edge, rim, brink, verge; (pl. ḥurúf, aḥruf) letter; consonant; particle (grammar); type (typography)

Harf-i-Baqa Ḥarf-i-Baqá “Letter of Eternity”

Hargah (Har-gah) Hargáh Pers. whenever, wherever; constantly

Harith (Haritha(h)), Hurrath Ḥárith, pl. Ḥurráth ploughman, cultivator, farmer. Banú al-Ḥárith Jewish tribe of Arabia. Naḍr-ibn-i-Ḥárith: religious leader during the time of Muḥammad. Zayd ibn Ḥáritha(h) (c. ce 581–629) a companion of Muḥammad and adopted as his son. He is the only Muslim apart from Muḥammad who is mentioned by name (as Zayd) in the Qur'án (33:37).

Harj Harj excitement, agitation, commotion; disorder, muddle, confusion. Harj can be interpreted as “killing”.

Harun Hárún (Pers.) Aaron; chief, leader; a messenger, courier; helplessness, indigence; astonishment; amazement

Harun-Abad Hárún-Ábád now Islám-Ábád-i-Gharb, Írán

Harunu’r-Rashid Hárúnu’r-Rashíd Aaron the Just. Fifth Abbasid Caliph

Harut Hárút name of an angel, who, together with another named Márút (Qur’án 2:102), having severely censured mankind before the throne of God, was sent with him down to earth in human shapes to judge of the temptations to which man is subject. They could not withstand them: they were seduced by women, and committed every kind of iniquity; for which they were suspended by the feet in a well in Babylon, where they are to remain in great torment till the day of judgement. They are said to be teachers of magic to man. See Márút

Hasan, Hisan Ḥasan, pl. Ḥisán beautiful, handsome, lovely; pretty, nice; good, agreeable; excellent, superior, exquisite. Ḥasan is the name of the second Imám.

Hasan-’Ali Ḥasan-‘Alí

Hasan-’Amu Murtada Ḥasan-‘Amú Murtaḍá (MF)

Hasana, Husn Ḥasana (Ḥusn) to be handsome, beautiful, lovely, nice, fine, good; to be expedient, advisable, suitable, proper, fitting; to be in a proper state, be in a desirable condition

Hasan-Abad (Hasanabad) Ḥasan Ábád an old and historical area to the north side of Ṭihrán

Hasani Ḥasaní

Hasan-i-’Ammu Ḥasan-i-‘Ammú

Hasan-i-Hakim-Bashi Ḥasan-i-Ḥakím-Báshí

Hasan-i-Khurasani Ḥasan-i-Khurásání

Hasan-i-Mazindarani Ḥasan-i-Mázindarání

Hasan-i-Niku Ḥasan-i-Níkú

Hasan-i-Safa Ḥasan-i-Ṣafá

Hasan-i-Vazir Ḥasan-i-Vazír

Hasan-i-Zunuzi Ḥasan-i-Zunúzí

Hasanzadih-Shakiri Ḥasanzádih-Shákirí (Ḥasan-i-Zádih-Shákirí)

Hashara, Hashr Ḥashara, Ḥashr 1. to gather, assemble, rally (people), raising from the dead; to cram, crowd, pack, jam (together); to squeeze, press, force, stuff. 2. migration, evacuation, exile.

Hashim Háshim breaker of bread into broth; surname of an ancestor of Muḥammad, on account of his doing so for the benefit of the poor at the time of a great famine. Of Shem. The Baní-Háshim were Muḥammad’s ancestors, a tribal group in southern Arabia. From ‘hashama’, “to destroy or smash to pieces”.

Hashimi, Hashimite Háshimí Hashemite, member of the Baní-Háshim

Hashish, Hasha’ish Ḥashísh, pl. Ḥashá’ish herbs, grasses; weeds; hay; hemp (Cannabis sativa), hashish, cannabis; stillborn child. Known by many names in Persia: ‘Parrot of all mysteries’, or plain ‘Mysteries’; or ‘Secrets’, or ‘Master Siyyid’—it being green, and the Siyyids, descendants of the Prophet, wear a turban as green as parrot feathers. (An ode of Ḥáfiẓ which must have puzzled translators is addressed to hashish and begins, ‘O thou parrot, speaker of secrets, may thy beak never lack for sugar!’) Summon up remembrance, p. 87.

Hashiya, Hawashin Ḥashiya, pl. Ḥawashin border; seam, hem; edge; margin (of a book); marginal gives; marginal notes; commentary on certain words and passages of a book, supercommentary; footnote; postscript; retinue, entourage, suite, servants; dependents;—pl. critical apparatus

Hashshash, Hashshashun (Hashshashin) Ḥashshásh, pl. Ḥashsháshún smoker or chewer of hashish, hashish addict. Assassins (Ḥashsháshín, from Assassiyun—”those faithful to the foundation”) is a name used to refer to medieval Nizárí (an-Nizáriyyún) Ismailis (Ismá‘íliyyún).

Hasht Bihisht Hasht Bihisht The eight paradises by Shaykh Aḥmad-i-Rúḥí

Hasht Hasht eight

Hasib, Husaba’ Ḥasíb, pl. Ḥusabá respected, esteemed; noble, of noble birth, highborn. Also a revenger or resenter of an injury; a reckoner (al-Ḥasíb, a name of God).

Hast Hast Pers. is, exists, remains; existence, being. hastam (I am), hastí (you are), hast (he, she, it is), hastím (we are), hastíd (you are), hastand (they are)

Hasur Ḥaṣúr Pers. close, avaricious

Hasuri Ḥaṣúrí

Hatim, Hatam Ḥátim, Pers. Ḥátam who or what renders necessary; one who decrees, ordains or pronounces judgement; a judge; a black crow, “the raven of separation”; name of a man of the Arabian tribe Tayy, celebrated for his liberality

Hatim-i-Ta’i Ḥátim-i-Ṭá’í Arab poet known for his generosity/liberality.

Hatta Ḥattá (preposition) until, till, up to, as far as; (conjugated with perfect) until, so that; (with subjunctive) until, that, so that, in order that

Hattab Ḥaṭṭáb wood gatherer; wood-cutter, lumberjack; vendor of firewood

Hauran Ḥaurán the Hauran, a mountainous plateau in sw Syria and n Jordan. The Druze of the area.

Hawdaj (Haudaj) Hawdaj, pl. Hawádij camel litter, howdah; sedan chair, litter. Carried by a camel, mule, horse or elephant for travelling purposes.

Hawl (Haul), Ahwal, Hu’ul Hawl, pl. Ahwál, Hu’úl terror, fright, alarm, shook, horror, dismay; power

Haww Ḥawwá’ Eve

Hayat Ḥayát life, existence

Hayat-Quli Khan Ḥayát-Qulí Khán Governor of Karand and a member of the ‘Alíyu’lláhís, a sect that equates Imám Alí with God.

Hayawan, Hayawanat Ḥayawán, pl. Ḥayawánát animal, beast; (collectively) animals, living creatures

Haydar Ḥaydar Pers. a lion; a proper name

Haydar-’Ali Ḥaydar-‘Alí, Ḥájí Mírzá Born into Shaykhí family of Iṣfahán

Haydari Ḥaydarí

Hayf (Haif) Ḥayf (pun on the name Haifa) Pers. practising injustice; injustice, violence, oppression; revenge; a pity; alas! what a pity

Hayiya, Hayya, Yahya, Hayah Ḥayiya, Ḥayya, Yaḥyá (Ḥayáh) to live; ḥayya to live to see, experience, witness (something), live (through a time); li-yaḥya l-malik (lit. to life the king) long live the king! ḥayiya, yaḥyá (ḥayá’) to be ashamed (of; because of) Form II ḥayyá to keep (someone) alive, grant (someone) a long life; to say to someone: may God preserve your life!; to greet, salute (someone) Form IV aḥyá to lend life (to someone, to something), enliven, animate, vitalize, endow with life, call into being (something), give birth (to); to revive, reanimate, revivify (something), give new life (to); to put on, produce, stage, arrange (e.g., a theatrical performance, a celebration, and the like); to celebrate (something, also a festival).

Haykal (Haikal), Hayakil Haykal, pl. Hayákil temple; large building, edifice; altar; skeleton; framework (of a structure), frame; chassis (of an automobile); colossal, gigantic, huge. A broader definition given by Steingass: a figure, image, face, form, stature or shape of the body; a long or tall horse; anything large-sized; a giant; a tall plant; a temple of idolaters; a palace, stately edifice; a Christian church; a monastery; an amulet or talisman inscribed with magic figures, hung round the body, as a defence against fascination or misfortune.

Haykalu’t-tawhid Haykalu’t-tawḥíd “posture of unity”, or freely translated as cross-legged

Haytham (Haitham) Haytham young eagle. Abú ‘Alí al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham (c.  965–c.  1040), Muslim Arab scientist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher.

Hayy Ḥayy, pl. Aḥyá’ living, live, alive; lively, lusty, animated, active, energetic, unbroken, undaunted, undismayed; living being, organism; tribe, tribal community; block of apartment houses; section, quarter (of a city). al-Ḥayy, divine name the Ever-Living

Hayyan Ḥayyán lively, energetic. Abú Músá Jábir ibn Hayyán (Geber)

Hazar (Hizar) Hazár Pers. a thousand; a bird called the thousand voices, having an uncommon variety of melodious notes, a species of nightingale; a term employed in the game of nard

Hazir, Haziran Ḥáẓir, pl. Ḥáẓirán present, at hand, ready, prepared; at the service of, willing, content; (in grammar) the present tense; the second person; a large tribe. Pl. the people present, the audience. See ḥáḍir

Hazira, Haza’ir Ḥaẓírá, pl. Ḥaẓa’ir enclosure, railing, fence, palisade, hedge; compound, yard, pound, pinfold; corral, pen, paddock, coop; hangar, shed; field, domain, realm (fig.)

Hazirat Ḥaẓírat Pers. a city, a fixed residence

Haziratu’l-Quds Ḥaẓíratu’l-Quds the Sacred Fold or Paradise. Title given to Bahá’í administrative headquarters

Hiba, Hibat Hiba(t), pl. Hibát gift, present, donation, grant

Hibatu’llah Hibatu’lláh gift from God

Hidayat Hidáya(t) guidance, showing the way and guiding in the right path to the goal of perfection

Hidayatu’llah Hidáyatu’lláh Guidance of God

Hifz Ḥifẓ preservation; maintenance, sustentation, conservation, upholding; protection, defense, guarding; custody, safekeeping, keeping, storage; retention; observance, compliance (with); memorizing, memorization; memory; (jurisprudence) discontinuance, stay, suspension (of legal action, of a judicial investigation)

Hija’i Hijá’í alphabetical; satiric. Modern dictionaries and other reference books use the hijá’í order wherein the Arabic letters are partially grouped together by similarity of shape.

Hijab Ḥijáb, pl. Ḥujub, Aḥjiba cover, wrap, drape; curtain; woman’s veil; screen, partition, folding screen; barrier, bar; diaphragm. A veil that covers the head and chest.

Hijaz Ḥijáz “barrier”. al-ḥijáz (Hejaz) is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia. It is bordered on the west by the Red Sea, on the north by Jordan, on the east by Najd, and on the south by Asir.

Hijr Ḥijr forbidden, interdicted, prohibited; northern wall of the Ka‘ba; lap; mare. Name of chapter 15 of the Qur’án (from 15:80, which refers to the rocky country of the Thamúd tribe to the north of al-Madínah) and translated as “rocky tract”.

Hijra Hijra departure, exit; emigration, exodus; immigration to; al-Hijra (the Hegira), the emigration of the Prophet Muḥammad from Mecca to Medina in ad 622 and start of Islamic calendar (assumed to be 15 July 622).

Hijri Hijrí of the Hegira pertaining to Muḥammad’s emigration in ad 622. A year (sana) of the Hegira, a year of the Muslim era (beginning with Muḥammad’s emigration. Muslim lunar calendar.

Hijriya Hijríya Muslim era, after the Hegira, until the end of the time of the Imams in ad 873 (ah 260), i.e. 260 years

Hikam Abu’l-Ḥikam “the Father of Wisdoms”. See Ḥikma

Hikaya, Hikayat Ḥikáya, pl. Ḥikáyát story, tale, narrative, account; (grammar) literal quotation (of the words of others)

Hikma Ḥikma, Pers. Ḥikmat, pl. Ḥikam prudence and wisdom, philosophy

Hikmat-i-Ishraqi Ḥikmat-i-Ishráqí (Hekmat-i-Eshrakieh)—a system of old philosophies

Hila, Hiyal, Ahayil Ḥíla, pl. Ḥiyal, Aḥáyíl artifice, ruse, stratagem, manoeuver, subterfuge, wile, trick; device, shift; a means to accomplish an end; expedient, makeshift, dodge, way-out; legal stratagem (for the purpose of in fraudem legis agere (in circumvention of the rules of law)

Hill Ḥill Pers. being lawful; a lawful thing; the dissolution of an oath; doffing the pilgrim's garb; a butt or mark for archers

Hill, Hillin Ḥill, Ḥillin he was free to …, he was at liberty to …; he had free disposal of …. The unprotected area (outside the Sanctuary) and the unprotected months. Compare with Ḥaram.

Hillah, Hilla, Hillih Ḥillah or Ḥilla, Pers. Ḥillih a city in central ‘Iráq on the river Euphrates, 100 km south of Baghdád

Hilm, Hulum, Ahlam Ḥilm, pl. Ḥulúm, Aḥlám gentleness, clemency, mildness; forbearance, indulgence; patience; insight, discernment, understanding, intelligence, reason

Hilmi Ḥilmí

Himar, Hamir, Humur, Ahmira Ḥimár, pl. Ḥimár, Ḥamír, Ḥumur, Aḥmira donkey, ass

Himma, Himam Himma, pl. Himam endeavour, ambition

Himmat-Abad Himmat-Ábád city in Ra

awí Khurásán Ústán Province, Iran

Himyari Ḥimyarí Ḥarbí al-Ḥimyarí was an Arab scholar from Yemen

Hin, Ahyan, Ahayin Ḥín, pl. Ḥín Aḥyán, Aḥáyín time; propitious time, good time, opportunity. value of 68

Hind al-Hind, Pers. Hind India; the (East) Indians. Name of a wife of Abú Sufyán

Hindi, Hunud Hindí, pl. Hunúd Indian

Hindiyan (Hindian, Hinijan) Hindíyán (Hindíján) (Hendijan, Hendian) a city in and the capital of Hendijan County, Khuzestan Province, sw Iran

Hindiya (Hindiyyih) al-Hindiya(h) (Pers. Hindíyyih) 1. city (on the Euphrates River, 20 km se Karbilá) and district in the Karbilá Governorate. The city used to be known as Ṭuwaíríj. 2. Saddat al-Hindíya(h) is a city on the Euphrates River in Iraq, 25 km ne of Karbilá and 8 km south of Musayyib (المسيب). Name derived from the Arabic word for “Indian”, in reference to the dozens of Indian manual labourers imported to the area by the British post World War i, to work on the cities vast agricultural lands.

Hindu, Hinduwan Hindú, pl. Hinduwán Pers. Indian; black; servant; slave; robber; infidel; watch-man

Hindustan Hindústán Pers. India

Hiqf, Ahqaf Ḥiqf, pl. Aḥqáf wavy heap of sand;—pl. hills of sand extending a great way; name of a large district in Arabia formerly inhabited by the people of ‘Ád. Qur’án 46: al-Aḥqáf “The Wind-curved Sand Hills” or “The Winding Sand-tracts”

Hira Ḥirá’ Ghár Ḥirá’ (the Cave of Hira) is located on the western side of Jabal Ḥirá’ (Mount Hira), which is on the north side of Mecca. The mountain was renamed Jabal al-Núr (Mountain of Light) after Muḥammad’s revelation in the cave.

Hirah, Hirih Ḥíra(h), Ḥíri(h) al-Ḥírah was an ancient city in Mesopotamia located south of what is now Kúfa

Hirat Hirát Herat, Afghanistan

Hirbud Hirbúd [Herbod or Herbud]—the mystics and holy people

Hirman Ḥirmán deprivation, bereavement, dispossession (of someone, of something) debarment, exclusion, preclusion (from); excommunication (Christian); privation

Hisab, Hisabat Ḥisáb, pl. Ḥisábát arithmetic, reckoning, calculus; computation; calculation, estimation, appraisal; accounting, settlement; consideration; caution;—pl. bill, invoice; statement of costs (bank) account

Hisami Ḥisámí See Ḥusám

Hisan, Husan, Ahsina Ḥiṣán, pl. Ḥuṣun, Aḥsina horse; stallion; Ḥiṣán al-baḥr: hippopotamus (Ancient Greek, Hippos, Aramaic, Sussita, names of ancient city east side Sea of Galilee)

Hisar Ḥiṣár block, blockage, barrier; blockade; siege. A town in Khurásán province.

Hisham Hishám Pers. beneficence, liberality. Hishám ibn ‘Abdu’l-Malik, 10th Umayyad Caliph

Hishmat Ḥishmat decorum, chastity, bashful, modesty (fem.)

Hishmatu’d-Dawlih Ḥishmatu’d-Dawlih

Hishmatu’llah Ḥishmatu’lláh “chaste one of God”

Hisn, Husun Ḥiṣn, pl. Ḥuṣún fortress, fort, castle, citadel, stronghold; fortification, entrenchment; protection

Hitta Ḥiṭṭa alleviation, relief, mitigation; abasement, debasement, demotion, degradation (in rank, dignity, prestige); humiliation, insult, indignity

Hizam, Hizamat, Ahzima, Huzum Ḥizám, pl. Ḥizámát, Aḥzima, Ḥuzum belt, girth; girdle; cummerbund, waistband (worn over the caftan to fasten it); sword belt

Hizar Dastan Hizár Dastán Pers. “thousand songs”

Hizar Hizár joking, jesting, fun-making. Used in Persian with the same meaning as Hazár

Hizavih Hizávih village <20 km nw of Arák (Sulṭán Ábád), Iran

Hizb, Ahzab Ḥizb, pl. Aḥzab group, troop, band, cohort, gang; associates, auxiliaries, confederates; arms, armour; party (politics); a 60th part of the Qur’án

Hizbu’llah Ḥizbu’lláh “Party of God” (Hezbullah)

Hizqil Ḥizqíl Pers. Ezekiel

Hubal (Hobal) Hubal a god worshipped in pre-Islamic Arabia, notably by Quraysh at the Ka‘bah in Mecca. His idol was a human figure, believed to control acts of divination, which was in the form of tossing arrows before the statue. The direction in which the arrows pointed answered questions asked of the idol.

Hubb Ḥubb love; affection, attachment

Hubbu’llah Ḥubbu’lláh Love of God

Hubur Ḥubúr joy. Hubúr (Hobour) Khánum

Hud Húd A prophet sent to the tribe of ‘Ád. He is a descendent of Noah.

Hudaybiyyah Ḥudaybiyyah Truce of al-Ḥudaybiyyah, in ah 6 (ad 628), at Ḥudaybiyyah spring about 20 km west of Mecca on the Old Mecca-Jiddah Road. The ruins of the old mosque marking the site is at 21.441960, 39.625601.

Hudur Ḥuḍúr presence; visit, participation, attendance; (as one plural of Ḥaḍra) those present

Huduri Ḥuḍúrí ḥuḍúrí (presence of) aḥkám (judgements)—judgements delivered in the presence of the litigant parties after oral proceedings. Imám’s knowledge is inspired since it is obtained “in the presence of” (ḥuḍúrí) God.

Huduth Ḥudúth setting in (of a state or condition), occurrence, incidence (of a phenomenon); occurrence, incident, happening. “originated nature”—contrast with Imkán (Gate of the heart, p. 189)

Hujaja’l Bahiayyih Ḥujaja’l-Bahíyyih The Bahá’í Proofs by Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl

Hujja ala al-kull ḥujja alá al-kull “proof for all”. The Báb’s praise for Qurratu’l-‘Ayn

Hujja Ḥujja(h or t), pl. Ḥújaj argument; pretense, pretext, plea; proof, evidence; document, writ, deed, record; authority. A term used in Shí‘í terminology meaning “proof [implied: proof of God]”. It is usually used to refer to a single individual in any given human era who represents God’s “proof” to humanity. The ḥujja is a prophet or an Imám who possess a relationship with God that is greater than anyone else. “Ḥujahs” in The Promised Day is Come, p. 97 should be Ḥújaj.

Hujjat’u’llah Ḥujjat’u’lláh the proof of God. The last Imám is known as the Proof of God. Title given to an aspiring mujtahid.

Hujjatu’l-Islam Ḥujjatu’l-Islám Proof of Islám. Mullá Muḥammad-‘Alí of Zanján was called Ḥujjatu’l-Islám. The Báb called him Ḥujjatu’l-Zanjání.

Hujr, Hajara, Hijr, Hujr, Hijran, Hujran Ḥujr, Ḥajara to deny access (Ḥajr, Ḥijr, Ḥujr, Ḥijrán, Ḥujrán)

Hujra, Hujarat, Hujar Ḥujra, pl. Ḥujarát, Ḥujar Ar. room; cell; (railroad) compartment; chamber

Hujrat (Hujrih), Hujra, Hujarat Ḥujrat, Ḥujra, pl. Ḥujarát Pers. a chamber, closet, cell; a box in a theatre, circus

Hukm, Ahkam Ḥukm, pl. Aḥkám judgement, valuation, opinion; decision, (legal) judgement, verdict, sentence; condemnation, conviction; administration of justice; jurisdiction, legal consequence of the facts of a case (Islamic Law); regulation, rule, provision, order, ordinance, decree; judiciousness, wisdom, judgeship, command, authority, control, dominion, power; government, regime;—pl. statutes, by-laws, regulations, rules, provisions, stipulations, principles, precepts

Hulul Ḥulúl stopping, putting up, staying; descending, coming on, befalling, overtaking; incarnation; setting in, advent, arrival (of a time, of a deadline), beginning, dawn; substitution (for someone). In the sense of incarnation: the descent of God or the spirit of God into a person.

Huma Humá phoenix or a type of eagle

Humay Humáy Pers. a queen of Persia, grandmother to Dáráb II; name of a sister of Isfandyár; name of a daughter of Bahman; name of a daughter of the Emperor of Constantinople married to Bahrám Gúr; name of the lover of Humáyún; a standard bearing a figure of the bird humá.

Humayun Humáyún Pers. blessed, sacred, fortunate, august, royal, imperial; name of several kings; name of the mistress of Humáy

Humazatun (Humazah) Humazatun (Humazah) one given to backbiting, defamer, slander-monger

Hums Ḥums al-Ḥums is the name traditionally given to the inhabitants of the ḥaram of Mecca at the time of Muḥammad’s appearance, in so far as they were distinguished by special customs during the iḥrám from the other tribes who were together known as al-Ḥilla.

Hunayn (Hunain) Ḥunayn Battle of Ḥunayn (Qur’án 9:25) in a valley between Mecca and the city of Ṭá’if to the east of Mecca

Huquq Ḥuqúq rights

Huququ’llah Ḥaqqu’lláh, pl. Ḥuqúqu’lláh “Right(s) of God”

Hur, Huran Ḥúr (originally pl., also used as sing.) Pers. virgins or a virgin of Paradise, houri;—pl. ḥúr and ḥúrán

Hurayra (Huraira), Hurayrih Hurayra(h), Pers. also Hurayrih a little cat or kitten. Spelling variations of i or y, and endings of “ah” or “ih”. Surname given to Abú Hurayrih ‘Abdu’r-Raḥmán bin Sakhr (a companion of Muḥammad) because of the favourite kitten he used to carry around with him. A village about 24 km nw of central Damascus, Syria.

Hur-i-‘Ujab Ḥúr-i-‘Ujáb “The Wondrous Maiden” (by Bahá’u’lláh)

Huriya, Huriyat, Hur Ḥúríya, pl. Ḥúríyát, Ḥúr houri, virgin of paradise; nymph; young locust. Ḥúrí (adjective) (literally, white one)

Hurmuduk (Hurmuzak) Húrmudúk Hormodok, small village 55 km sw of Yazd. 5.5 km by road from the village of Sakhvíd (Sakhoid) (to the nw)

Hurqalya, Havarqalya Húrqalyá, Havarqalyá (speculative Pers.) intermediary world between the physical and spiritual worlds. Everything in the physical world has its counterpart in the world of Húrqalyá. Each individual human being has two bodies, one of which exists in the physical world and one in Húrqalyá. The occulted but living twelfth Imám and the cities of Jábulsá and Jábulqá, where he is supposed to live, all exist in the realm of Húrqalyá. Introduction to Shi'i Islam, Moojan Momen, p. 227. From Hebrew רָקִיעַ (firmament, sky, ductile, heaven, expanse, canopy). See www.scribd.com/document/ 21263244/HURQALYA-HAVARQALYA and The development of Shaykhí thought in Shí‘í Islam, pp. 106–7.

Hurr, Ahrar, Hara’ir Ḥurr, pl. m. Aḥrár, f. Ḥará’ir noble, free-born; genuine (jewels, etc.), pure, unadulterated; free; living in freedom; freeman; independent; free unrestrained; liberal

Hurriya al-‘Ibada Ḥurriya al-‘Ibada freedom of worship

Hurriya al-Fikr Ḥurriya al-Fikr freedom of thought

Hurriya al-Kalam Ḥurriya al-Kalam freedom of speech

Hurriya an-Naṣr Ḥurriya an-Naṣr liberty of the press

Hurriya, Huriyat Ḥurriya, Pers. Ḥurriyyah, pl. Ḥurriyát freedom, liberty; independence, unrestraint, license (e.g., poetic)

Hurufat-i-‘Alin Ḥurúfát-i-‘Álín The Exalted Letters (by Bahá’u’lláh). See Ḥarf

Hurufi Ḥurúfí “letters” a relator of traditions, a traditionist (not Ḥurúfís, MCI, p. 403). See singular Ḥarf,

Huruf-i-Hayy Ḥurúf-i-Ḥayy Letters of the Living. See Ḥarf and Sábiq

Hurufiyyya Ḥurúfiyyya Hurufism, Sufi doctrine

Husam (Hisam) Ḥusám (Ḥisám) (sharp) sword, sword edge

Husam-i-Din, Hisam-i-Din Ḥusám-i-Dín (Ḥisám-i-Dín) sword of faith

Husamu’s-Sultani, Hisamu’s-Saltanih Ḥusámu’s-Sulṭaní (Ḥisámu’s-Salṭanih) “Sword of the sovereign” Title of Prince Sulṭán Murád Mírzá, son of ‘Abbás Mírzá and grandson of Fatḥ-‘Alí Sháh

Husayn Ḥusayn (Diminutive form of Haṣan “Good”) Name of the third Imám, Ḥusayn.

Husayn-’Ali Ḥusayn-‘Alí

Husayn-’Aliy-i-Isfahani Ḥusayn-‘Alíy-i-Iṣfahání

Husayn-’Aliy-i-Jahrumi Ḥusayn-‘Alíy-i-Jahrúmí

Husayn-’Aliy-i-Nur Ḥusayn-‘Alíy-i-Núr (GPB p. 338)

Husayn-’Aliy-i-Nuri Ḥusayn-‘Alíy-i-Núrí Ḥusayn-‘Alíy-i-Núrí, Mírzá Bahá’u’lláh

Husayn-Abad Ḥusayn-Ábád

Husayn-Aqa Ḥusayn-Áqá (MF)

Husayn-Aqay-i-Tabrizi Ḥusayn-Áqáy-i-Tabrízí (MF)

Husayni Ḥusayní

Husayn-i-Ashchi Ḥusayn-i-Áshchí

Husayn-ibn-Ruh Ḥusayn-ibn-Rúḥ (one of “Four Gates”)

Husayn-i-Bushru’i Ḥusayn-i-Bushrú’í Muḥammad-Ḥusayn-i-Bushrú’í, Mullá From Bushrúyih, Khurásán

Husayn-i-Kashani Ḥusayn-i-Káshání

Husayn-i-Kashi Ḥusayn-i-Káshí

Husayn-i-Shiraziy-i-Khurtumi Ḥusayn-i-Shírázíy-i-Khurṭúmí

Husayn-i-Turshizi Ḥusayn-i-Turshízí

Husayn-i-Yazdi Ḥusayn-i-Yazdí

Husayniyyih Ḥusayníyyih In Shí’ih Islám, a place used to mourn the death of Imám Ḥusayn

Husayn-Khan Ḥusayn-Khán (the Mushiru’d-Dawlih)

Husban Ḥusbán calculation, reckoning, accounting; computation. bi-Ḥuṣbán “By final calculation”

Hushang (Hoshang) Húshang Pers. name of the second king of Persia, of the Peshdadian dynasty; wisdom, prudence, intellect. “The first emanation, intelligence”

Hushidar, Hoshidar Hushidár One who increases holiness or promotes righeousness; name of a future saviour. Zoroastrian origin.

Hushmand Húshmand Pers. wise

Husn al-Madkhal Ḥusn al-Madkhal good manners, good conduct

Husn Ḥusn beauty, handsomeness, prettiness, loveliness; excellence, superiority, perfection

Husni-Farang Ḥusní-Farang Pers. white, as the complexion of Europeans

Husniyya, Husniyyih Ḥusniyya(h) fem., Pers. Ḥusníyyih possessing beauty

Huss Ḥuṡṣ saffron. See za‘farán

Huwa (Pers. Huva) Huwa he; it (3rd pers. m. sing. of the pers. pronoun); God (or “the Most Great Name of God” according to the Báb). Huwa (“he” or “he is”) in the context of “‘He is’ God” is often incorrectly understood (as in the definition) to be the name of God. In the Bible it is represented in Hebrew by the tetragrammaton “yhwh”, sometimes pronounced as Yahweh. However, the Jews were forbidden to utter the name of God, and as ancient Hebrew script did not use vowels, it is not known how yhwh would have been pronounced, if it was permitted. If we say “yá huwa” in Arabic in reference to God, it means “O He is …”. Since Hebrew and Arabic are sister languages, it is not surprising that “yá huwa” sounds like Yahweh, which has commonly been represented by Jehovah. (In some European languages the “J” is pronounced as “Y”, “V” as “U”, and “W” as “UU”.) See note under Bahá’.

Huwa’llah Huwa’lláh He is God (huwa+ Alláh). Hence, defining Huwa as “God” gives “God God”???

Huwaydar, Huvaydar Huwaydar, Pers. Huvaydar village north of the city Ba‘qúba, which is 60 km ne of Baghdad

Huwiya (Pers. Huwiyyat, Huviyyat) Huwíya(h) or Huwíya(t), Pers. Huwíyyah essence, nature; coessentiality, consubstantiality; identity; identity card. “Essence of Divinity”

Huzn, Hazan, Ahzan Ḥuzn, Pers. Ḥazan, pl. Aḥzán grief, sadness, affliction, sorrow