Two Years Eligibility: Bachelor’s degree in Pharmacy with



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  1. Study of molecules using molecular models

  2. Thin layer chromatography: Determination of purity of a given sample, monitoring the progress of chemical reactions, identification of unknown organic compounds by comparing the Rf values of known standards, preparative TLC for separation of mixtures.




  1. Organic Synthesis: Single or multi- steps synthesis of organic compounds. Aspects such as conversion, yield, selectivity, effluent treatment, atom economy, E-factor, etc. should be paid attention. TLC should be used to monitor the reaction and finding out the purity of the product.




  1. Synthesis of an anticancer stilbene via Wittig reaction

  2. Synthesis of a chalcones via Claisen-Schmidt condensation.

  3. Preparation of vanillyl alcohol from vanillin

  4. Reduction of 3-nitroacetophone using NaBH4/LiAlH4

  5. Preparation of bromohydrin from methylstyrene

  6. Preparation of aniline from nitrobenzene

  7. Synthesis of ethyl-n-butylacetoacetate by A.E.E. condensation

  8. Cannizzaro reaction: 4-chlorobenzaldehyde as substrate.

  9. Preparation of Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) and its application in oxidation.

  10. Preparation of pyridine chlorochromate (PCC) and its application in oxidation.

  11. Multistep synthesis of phenytoin.

  1. Demonstration of Stereochemical aspects of the compounds through molecular models.

Suggested Readings::

  1. Adams,R.; Johnson, J.R.; Wilcox, C.F. (1970). Laboratory Experiments in Organic Chemistry, The Macmilan Limited, London.

  2. Mann and Saunders. (2009). Practical organic chemistry, Pearson.

  3. Pasto, D.P., Johnson, C., Miller, M. (2010). Experiments and Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Prentice Hall.

  4. Roberts, R.M.; Gilbert, J.C.; Rodewald, L.B.; Wingrove, A.S. (1969). An introduction to Modern Experimental Organic Chemistry, Ranehart and Winston Inc., New York.

  5. Vogel, A.I. (1996). Text book of practical organic chemistry, Pearson

  6. Williamson, K.L., Health, D.C. (1999). Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, Heath, D.C and Co., Lexington, MA.

  7. Armarego, W. L., & Chai, C. (2012). Purification of laboratory chemicals. Butterworth-Heinemann.

  8. Young, J. A. (Ed.). (Latest Edition). Improving safety in the chemical laboratory: a practical guide. Wiley.



Course Tile: Spectral Analysis-Practical




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Credits

Marks

Paper Code: PMC.505




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4

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50

Structure elucidation of unknown medicinal/ organic compounds via interpretation of their 1H, 13C NMR, FT-IR and Mass spectra.


Course Tile: Computer Applications-Practical




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Marks

Paper Code: PMC.506




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4

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50




  1. Experimental design and analysis

  2. Training on basic usage of Microsoft Word, Miscosoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint and Internet Explorer

  3. Optimizing web search: Google advanced search, Boolean operators, Literature search using Google Scholar, HighWire

  4. Bibliography management and research paper formatting using reference software EndNote

  5. Creating a functional website using HTML

  6. Basic programming using DOS batch files and AutoHotKey


Suggested Readings:

  1. Gookin, D. (2007). MS Word 2007 for Dummies. Wiley.

  2. Harvey, G. (2007). MS Excel 2007 for Dummies. Wiley.

  3. Johnson, S. (2009). Windows 7 on demand. Perspiration Inc.

  4. Thurrott, P. and Rivera, R. (2009). Windows 7 Secrets. Wiley.




Course Tile: Seminar




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Credits

Marks

Paper Code: PMC.507




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4

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50


Elective Courses


Course Tile: Logics of Organic Synthesis





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Credits

Marks

Paper Code: PMC.508




4

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4

100


Unit 1 16 hours

Reaction mechanism, structure and reactivity: Type of mechanisms, types of reactions, thermodynamic and kinetic requirements, kinetic and thermodynamic control, Hammond's postulate, Curtin-Hammett principle, Potential energy diagrams, transition states and intermediates, methods of determining mechanisms, isotopes effects, effect of structure on reactivity; resonance, inductive, electrostatic and steric effect, quantitative treatment, the Hammett equation and linear free energy relationship, substituent and reaction constants, Taft equation.



Unit 2 16 hours

Photochemistry: Franck-Condon principle, Jablonski diagram, Singlet and triplet states, Photosensitization, Quantum efficiency, Photochemistry of carbonyl compounds, Norrish type-I and type-II cleavages, Paterno-Buchi reaction, Photoreduction, Photochemistry of enones and para-benzoquinones, Di π – methane rearrangement.

Photochemistry of aromatic compounds, Photo-Fries reactions of anilides, Photo-Fries rearrangement, Barton reaction, Singlet molecular oxygen reactions, Photochemical formation of smog, Photo degradation of polymers, Photochemistry of vision



Unit 3 18 hours

Metal and non-metal mediated oxidation and reductions: Mechanism, selectivity, stereochemistry and applications of oxidation reactions, Oppenauer, Baeyer-Villiger, Oxidation reactions using DDQ, NBS, leadtetraacetate, selenium dioxide, DCC, PCC, CAN, Cr and Mn reagents, periodic acid, Osmium tetroxide, Swern oxidations, hydroboration, dehydrogenation, ozonolysis, epoxidations using peracids.

Mechanism, selectivity, stereochemistry and applications of catalytic hydrogenations using Pd, Pt and Ni catalysts, Clemmensen reduction, Wolff-Kishner reduction, Meerwein-Pondorff-Verley reduction, Dissolving metal reductions, metal hydride reductions using NaBH4, LiAlH4, DIBAL. Wilkinson’s Rh catalysis, Boron in reduction



Unit 4 22 hours

Heterocyclic chemistry: Replacement and systematic nomenclature (Hantzsch-Widman system) for monocyclic, fused and bridged heterocycles, Aromatic heterocycle, Non-aromatic heterocycle: Bond angle and torsional strains and their consequences in small ring heterocycles. Conformation of six-membered heterocycles and their synthesis

(a) Three-membered and four-membered heterocycles: synthesis and reactions of aziridines, oxiranes, thiranes, azetidines, oxetanes and thietanes.

(b) Five membered heterocycles containing two heteroatoms (S,N,O): Diazoles, oxazoles and thiazoles. (c) Benzo-fused five-membered and six membered heterocycles: Synthesis and reactions of indoles, benzofurans and benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles.

(d) Six-membered heterocycles with one heteroatom: Synthesis and reactions of pyrylium salts and pyrones, coumarins, chromones.



(e) Six-membered heterocycles with 2 or more nitrogen atoms: Synthesis, reactivity, aromatic character and importance of the following heterocycles: 1,2,3-triazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles, tetrazoles, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole,1,2,3-thiadiazoles, 1,2,4-thiadiazoles, 1,3,4- thiadiazoles, 1,2,5- thiadiazoles, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4- triazine, 1,3,5- triazine and tetrazines.
Suggested Readings:

  1. Acheson, R.M. (1976). An introduction to the Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 3rd edition.

  2. Ahluwalia, V. K., and Parasar R. K., (2011). Organic Reaction Mechanism, Narosa Publishing House (P) Ltd., 4th edition, India.

  3. Bansal, R. K., (2012). Organic Reaction Mechanism, New Age International (P) Ltd., 4th edition, New Delhi.

  4. Bansal, R. K., (2007). A text book of Organic Chemistry, New Age Inrternational (P) Ltd., 5th edition, New Delhi.

  5. Bansal, R.K. (2010). Hetrocyclic Chemistry, New Age Inrternational (P) Ltd., 5th edition, New Delhi.

  6. Carey B. F. A., Sundberg R.J., (2007). Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A and Part B, Springer, 5th edition.

  7. Finar, I. L., (2012). Organic Chemistry Vol. 1, Pearson Education, 6th edition, UK.

  8. Gilchrist, T.L. (1997). Heterocyclic Chemistry, Longman, Prentice Hall, 3rd edition, US.

  9. Gupta R.R., Kumar M., Gupta V. (2010). Heterocyclic Chemistry-II Five Membered Heterocycles Vol. 1-3, Springer Verlag, India.

  10. Joule, J.A., Mills, K. (2010). Heterocyc1ic Chemistry, Blackwell Publishers, 5th edition, New York.

  11. Kalsi, P. S., (2008). Stereochemistry: Conformation and Mechanism, New Age International (P) Ltd., 7th edition, India.

  12. Kalsi P. S., (2010). Organic Reactions and Their Mechanisms, New Age International Publication, 3rd edition, New Delhi.

  13. Lowry, T. H., Richardson K. S., (1998). Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry, Addison-Wesley Longman Inc., 3rd edition, US.

  14. Morrison, R.T., Boyd R.N., (2011). Organic Chemistry, Prentice- Hall of India, New Delhi.

  15. Mukherjee S. M., Singh S. P., (2009). Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Macmillan India Ltd., New Delhi.

  16. R. Katritzky, (2010). Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry Elsevier, 3rd edition, UK.

  17. Smith, M. B. (2013). March's advanced organic chemistry: reactions, mechanisms, and structure. John Wiley & Sons.



Course Tile: Medicinal Chemistry





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Credits

Marks

Paper Code: PMC.509




4

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4

100


Unit 1 10 hours

History of drug discovery: Introduction, Drug discoveries, Recent trends in drug discovery.
Unit 2 20 hours
Medicinal chemistry: Definitions and objectives, Drug activity phases, Drug classification system.

Measurement and expression of drug effects: Introduction, In-vitro experiments, Ex-vivo experiments, In-vivo experiments.
Unit 3 22 hours

Molecular drug targets: Introduction, Enzymes as drug targets, Membrane transporters as drug targets, Voltage-gated ion channels as drug targets, Non-selective cation-channels as drug targets, Direct ligand gated ion channels, Receptors with intrinsic enzyme activity, Receptors coupled to various cytosolic proteins, G-Protein coupled receptors, Nuclear receptors.
Unit 4 20 hours

Drug targets, target identification, validation and screening: Introduction, Improving the resolution of disease etiology, Biopharmaceutical therapies, Drug target identification, Hit to lead, Clinical biomarkers

Suggested Readings:

  1. Delgado, J. N. and Remers W A, Ed. (2010). Wilson & Gisvold's Textbook of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia.

  2. Foye, W. C. (2008). Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Publisher: Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.

  3. King, F. D. (2006). Medicinal Chemistry Principles and Practice, Royale Society of Chemistry, Second Edition.

  4. Nogardy, T. and Weaver D F (2005). Medicinal Chemistry: A Molecular and Biochemical Approach, Oxford University Press, Third Edition.

  5. Patrick, G.L. (2009). An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, Publisher: I.K. International Pvt. Ltd.

  6. Singh, H., Kapoor, V.K. (Latest Edition). Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.

  7. Smith, H.J. (2006). Introduction to the Principles of Drug Design and Action, Taylor and Francis, Fourth Edition.

  8. Wermuth, C.G. (2009). The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry, Academic Press (Elsevier).

  9. Wolff, M E, Ed., (Latest Edition). Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery John Wiley and Sons, New York.



Course Title: Chromatographic Techniques







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Credits

Marks

Paper Code: PMC.510







4

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100


Unit 1 24 hours

Classification of chromatography, Criteria for selection of stationary and mobile phase, Nature and types of mobile phases, Normal and reserved phase, Bonded phase, Separation mechanism, Plate theory, Rate Theory, Band broadening-eddy diffusion, Longitudinal diffusion, Column efficiency, Van Deemeter’s equation and its modern version, Optimization column performance, Interrelationship-capacity factors, Selectivity factor, Column resolution. Applications of Chromatography in different fields of Sciences



Unit 2 14 hours

Liquid Chromatography, Fundamental principles, Theory, Instrumentation and applications of liquid chromatography, Column chromatography, LC, LC-MS, qualitative analysis, FPLC, HPLC,



Unit 3 16 hours

Gas Chromatography, Principles, Gases used, factors effecting the separation, column, detectors, pressure, flow time, Volatile components from essential oils, GC, GC-MS



Unit 4 18 hours

Principle and Applications of HPTLC, quantitative analysis of HPTLC, Ion exchange chromatography, Affinity chromatography, Electrophoresis, MALDI-TOF etc.



Suggested Readings:

  1. Sethi, P. D.; Sethi, R. (2007). HPLC: High performance of liquid chromatography, Vol 2, CBS

  2. Skoog, D.A.; West, D.M.; Holler, F.J.; Crouch, S.R. (2004). Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, Saunders College Publishing, New York.

  3. Willard, H.H.; Merrit, L.L.; Dean, J.A.; Settle, F.A. (2001). Instrumental methods of analysis, CBS Publishers and Distributors.


Interdisciplinary Courses


Course Tile: Diseases and Medicines




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Marks

Paper Code: PMC.551




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50


Course Objective: This course is designed to provide the students with basic diseases and their common medicines used for their treatment.

Unit 1 18 hours

General awareness of Life style diseases like hypertension, diabetes, etc. management, use of medicines, and their side effects. General awareness of cancer and medicines for their treatment and management along with their side effects.


Unit 2 18 hours

General awareness of Viral, bacterial, or other infectious diseases, precautions, medicines, their uses and side effects. General awareness of cancer and medicines for their treatment and management along with their side effects.



Suggested Readings:

  1. Brunton, Laurence L., John S. Lazo, and Keith L. Parker. "Goodman and Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics." McGraw-Hill, New York, Latest Edition.

  2. Tripathi, K. D. Essentials of medical pharmacology. JP Medical Ltd, 2013.

Katzung, Bertram G., ed. "Basic & clinical pharmacology." Latest Edition.


Course Tile: Chemicals of Everyday Life




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Marks

Paper Code: PMC.552




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2

50


Unit 1 9 hours

Chemicals and safety

Chemicals in daily life, Cosmetics, Perfumes, Soaps and detergents, Cleaning action of detergent, Handling of strong acids and bases, Disinfectant, Insecticides and pesticides, Chemical treatment of vegetables and fruits



Unit 2 9 hours

Common chemical processes

Chemical reactions, Basics of organic synthesis, Chemistry of photosynthesis, Rusting, Electrochemical cells, Metal electroplating, Acid base titration in the lab

Use of polymers in daily life, Polymer based products, Teflon, Polystyrene, Plastic bags, ATM cards.

Unit 3 9 hours


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