Two Years Eligibility: Bachelor’s degree in Pharmacy with
Chemistry of small bioactive molecules
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Microwave in organic synthesis
- Unit 1 9 hours UV-Visible spectroscopy
- Unit 2 9 hours Infrared spectroscopy
- Unit 4 9 hours Mass spectrometry
- Course Tile: Organic Chemistry-II L T
- Unit 1 14 hours Reactive intermediates
- Aromaticity
- Selective Name Reactions
- Unit 4 22 hours Pericyclic chemistry
- Course Tile: Advance Organic Synthesis L T
- Unit 1 14 hours Asymmetric synthesis
- Unit 2 18 hours Reaction of ylides
- Unit 3 20 hours Organometallic compounds
- Unit 4 20 hours Reagents in organic synthesis
- Course Tile: Basics of Drug Design and Drug Actions L T
Chemistry of small bioactive molecules Caffeine, Nicotine, Paracetamol, Aspirin, DNA and RNA bases, Carbohydrates Abused substances like morphine, Cannabis, Cocaine etc.
Environment friendly process, Principle of green chemistry, Atom economy and scope, Prevention/Minimization of hazardous/toxic products, Designing safer chemicals, Selection of appropriate auxiliary substances (solvents, separation agents etc), Use of renewable starting materials, Avoidance of unnecessary derivatization-careful use of blocking/protection groups Microwave in organic synthesis: Introduction to synthetic organic transformation under microwave (i) Microwave assisted reactions in water (ii) Microwave assisted reactions in organic solvents. (iii) Microwave in solvent free reactions Suggested Readings
Unit 1 9 hours UV-Visible spectroscopy: Principle of UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Chromophores and their interaction with UV-visible radiation and their utilization in structural, qualitative and quantitative analysis of drug molecules. Woodward-Fieser rule, solvent effects Unit 2 9 hours Infrared spectroscopy: Infrared radiation and its interaction with organic molecules, Determination of functional groups of drug molecules by IR, interpretation of IR spectra, FTIR. Unit 3 9 hours Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Applications of NMR for determining the structure of drug molecules, 1H- NMR spectra, 13C NMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, quantitative analysis Unit 4 9 hours Mass spectrometry: Basic principles and brief outline of instrumentation, Applications of mass spectroscopy for determining the structure of the drug, GC, LC Suggested Readings:
Semester 2
Unit 1 14 hours Reactive intermediates: Generation, structure and reactions of carbocation, carbanion, free radicals, carbenes, nitrenes, benzynes, classical and non-classical carbocations, phenonium ions and norbornyl system, neighbouring group participation. Aromaticity: Benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds – generation and reactions. Unit 2 20 hours Synthetic methodologies: Synthon, Synthetic equivalent, Functional group interconversion (FGI), Functional group addition, Functional group elimination, Criteria for selection of target, Linear and convergent synthesis, Retrosynthetic analysis and synthesis involving chemoselectivity, Regioselectivity, Reversal of Polarity (Umpolung), Synthesis of cyclic molecules, Strategic bond: Criteria for disconnection of strategic bonds, Importance of the order of events in organic synthesis. One group and two group C-X disconnections in 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4 & 1,5- difunctional compounds, One group C-C disconnections, alcohol and carbonyl compounds, regioselectiviity, alkene synthesis, use of acetylenes and aliphatic nitro compounds in organic synthesis, Two group C-C disconnections, Diels-Alder reaction, 1,3-difunctionalised compounds, Control in carbonyl condensation, 1,5-difunctionalised compounds. Unit 3 16 hours Rearrangements: General mechanistic considerations-nature of migration, migratory aptitude, memory effects, Mechanistic study of the following rearrangements: Pinacol-pinacolone, Wagner-Meerwein, Demjanov, Benzil-Benzillic acid, Favorskii, Arndt-Eister syntheses, Neber, Beckmann, Hofmann Curtius, Schmidt, Baeyer-Villiger, Shapiro reaction, Carroll, Claisen, Cope, Gabriel–Colman, Smiles and Sommelet–Hauser rearrangements. Selective Name Reactions: Aldol, Perkin, Stobbe, Dieckmann Condensation, Reimer-Tiemann, Reformatsky and Grignard reactions, Diels-Alder reaction, Robinson Annelation, Michael addition, Mannich reaction, Stork-enamine, Sharpless Assymetric Epoxidation, Ene, Barton, Hofmann-Loffler Fretag, Shapiro reaction, Chichibabin Reaction. Unit 4 22 hours Pericyclic chemistry: Introduction, Main features of pericyclic reactions, Classification of pericyclic reactions. Phases, nodes and symmetry properties of molecular orbitals in ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3,5- hexatriene. Allyl cation, allyl radical, pentadienyl cation and pentadienyl radical. Thermal and photochemical pericyclic reactions. Electrocyclic reactions: Conrotation and disrotation. Electrocyclic closure and opening in 4n and 4n+2 systems. Woodward-Hoffmann selection rules for electrocyclic reactions. Explanation for the mechanism of electrocyclic reactions by (i) symmetry properties of HOMO of open chain partner (ii) Conservation of orbital symmetry and orbital symmetry correlation diagrams and (iii) Huckel-Mobius aromatic and antiaromatic transition state method. Examples of electrocyclic reactions. Cycloaddition reactions: Suprafacial and antarafacial interactions. π2 + π2 and π4 + π2 cycloadditions. Cycloreversions. Stereochemical aspects in supra-supra, supra-antara, antara-supra and antara-antara π2 + π2 and π4 + π2 cycloadditions. Diels-Alder reaction. Woodward-Hoffmann Selection rules for cycloaddition reactions. Explanation for the mechanism of cycloaddition reactions by (i) Conservation of orbital symmetry and orbital symmetry correlation diagrams (ii) Fukui Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) theory and (iii) Huckel-Mobius aromatic and antiaromatic transition state method. Endo-exo selectivity in Diels-Alder reaction and its explanation by FMO theory. Examples of cyclo addition reactions. Sigmatropic reactions: [1,j] and [i,j] shifts. Suprafacial and antarafacial shifts. Selection rules for [lj} shifts. Cope, and Claisen rearrangements. Explanation for the mechanism of sigmatropic reactions by (i) symmetry properties of HOMO (ii) Huckel-Mobius aromatic and antiaromatic transition state method. Introduction to Cheletropic reactions and the explanation of mechanism by FMO theory. Suggested Readings:
Unit 1 14 hours Asymmetric synthesis, chiral pools, chiral catalysis: Chiral auxiliaries, methods of asymmetric induction – substrate, reagent and catalyst controlled reactions; determination of enantiomeric and diastereomeric excess; enantio-discrimination. Resolution – optical and kinetic, Chemo- regio- and stereoselective transformations, Organocatalysis and biocatalysis Unit 2 18 hours Reaction of ylides: Phosphorus ylide; Structure and reactivity, stabilized ylides, effects of ligands on reactivity, Witting, Wittig-Horner and Wadsworth, Emmons reactions-mechanistic realization; E/Z selectivity for olefin formation, Schlosser modification: Peterson’s olefin synthesis. Sulphur Ylides; Stabilized and non-stabilized ylides: Thermodynamically and kinetically controlled reactions with carbonyl compounds, regio- and stereo-selective reactions Unit 3 20 hours Organometallic compounds Organoboranes: Preparation of Organobornaes viz hydroboration with BH3-THF, dicylohexyl borane, disiamyl borane, theryl borane, 9-BBN and disopincamphlyel borne, functional group transformations of Organo boranes-Oxidation, protonolysis and rearrangements. Formation of carbon-carbon-bonds viz organo boranes carbonylation. Grignard reagents, Organo lithium, Organo zinc, Organo cadmium and Organo Copper Compounds, Organo silicon compounds for organic synthesis, Organopalladium and organostannous (Applications in coupling reactions). Unit 4 20 hours Reagents in organic synthesis: Gilman’s reagent, Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), Dicyclohexyl Carbodiimide (DDC), 1,3-Dithiane (Umpolung reagent), Trimethylsilyliodide, Bakers yeast, D. D. Q.., Lead tetraacetate, Prevost Hydroxylation, Wilkinsion’s catalyst, Phase transfer catalysts: Quaternary ammonium and Phosphonium salts, Crown ethers, Merifield resin, Fenton’s reagents, Ziegler-Natta catalyst, Lawson reagents, K-selecteride and L-selecteride, Sodium cyanoborohydride, 9-BBN, IBX, Manganese dioxide, Fetizon reagent, Dioxiranes, Ceric ammonium nitrate, Tebbe reagent, Corey-Nicolaou reagent, Mosher’s reagent, use of Os, Ru, and Tl reagents.
Materials, Pubs: Verlag chemie, (1994).
sons (1982).
Synthesis, Pubs: Pergamon Press (1994).
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