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current and potential competition, we constantly review our
pricing and product offerings.
Our FICC business also operates in an intensely competitive
environment. Our trading platform for benchmark U.S.
treasuries faces competition from both long-established and
newly emerging electronic and voice brokerages, and the
operating environment remains extremely challenging. Our
European fixed income products and services are subject to
relentless competitive pressure from OTC dealers as well as
exchanges. Our suite of commodity-related products and
services is in many cases designed to challenge the more
established players.
Our Trade Management Services business competes with other
exchange operators, extranet providers, and data center
providers.
Corporate Services
In our corporate solutions business, competition is varied and
can be fragmented. In investor relations services, there are many
regional competitors and relatively few global providers. Other
exchange operators are partnering with firms that have
capabilities in this area and seeking to acquire relevant assets
in order to provide investor relations services to customers
alongside listing services. The competitive landscape for public
relations services includes large providers of traditional wire
services, full-service providers, who offer wire distribution
along with audience targeting, monitoring and analytics
services, and a large number of regional and niche providers.
In multimedia solutions and webhosting, competition is
fragmented and includes firms that address enterprise buyers,
offering them either managed or self-service capabilities. The
competitive landscape for governance solutions varies by sector
and geography. Most vendors in the market offer software-as-
a-service solutions that are supported by a data center strategy.
Many vendors offer specialized services that focus on a niche
sector while the larger players in the market may offer additional
services around corporate governance. Customers frequently
seek single-source providers that are able to address a broad
range of needs within a single platform.
Our listing services in both the U.S. and Europe are a means of
facilitating capital formation through public capital markets.
There are competing ways of raising capital, and we seek to
demonstrate the benefits of listing shares on an exchange. Our
primary competitor for larger company stock share listings in
the U.S. is NYSE. The Nasdaq Stock Market also competes
with NYSE MKT for listing of shares of smaller companies. In
addition, Bats BZX competes for ETP listings. The Nasdaq
Stock Market also competes with local and international
markets located outside the U.S. for listings of equity securities
of both U.S. and non-U.S. companies that choose to list (or
dual-list) outside of their home country. For example, The
Nasdaq Stock Market competes for listings with exchanges in
Europe and Asia, such as LSE and The Stock Exchange of Hong
Kong Limited.
The listings business in Europe is characterized by a large
number of exchanges competing for new or secondary listings.
Each country has one or more national exchanges, which are
often the first choice of companies in each respective country.
For those considering an alternative, examples of competing
European exchanges that frequently attract many listings from
outside their respective home countries include LSE, Euronext
N.V. and Deutsche Börse A.G. In addition to the larger
exchanges, companies seeking capital or liquidity from public
capital markets are able to raise capital without a regulated
market listing and can consider trading their shares on smaller
markets and quoting facilities.
Information Services
Our Data Products business in the U.S. includes both
proprietary and consolidated data products. Proprietary data
products are made up exclusively of data derived from each
exchange’s systems. Consolidated data products are distributed
by SEC-mandated consolidators (one for Nasdaq-listed stocks
and another for NYSE and other-listed stocks) that share the
revenue among the exchanges that contribute data. In Europe,
all data products are proprietary as there is no official data
consolidator. Competition in the data business is intense and is
influenced by rapidly changing technology and the creation of
new product and service offerings.
The sale of our proprietary data products in both the U.S. and
Europe is under competitive threat from alternative exchanges
and trading venues that offer similar products. Our data business
competes with other exchanges and third party vendors to
provide information to market participants. Examples of our
competitors in proprietary data products are: Intercontinental
Exchange, Inc., or ICE; Bats Global Markets, Inc., or BATS;
S&P Global Inc.; and Dow Jones & Company.
The consolidated data business is under competitive pressure
from other securities exchanges that trade Nasdaq-listed
securities. In addition, The Nasdaq Stock Market similarly
competes for the tape fees from the sale of information on
securities listed on other markets.
Our Index Licensing and Services business faces competition
from providers of various competing financial indexes. For
example, there are a number of indexes that aim to track the
technology sector and thereby compete with the Nasdaq-100
Index and the Nasdaq Composite Index. We face competition
from investment banks, dedicated index providers, markets and
other product developers.
Market Technology
The traditional model, where each exchange or exchange-
related business developed its own technology internally,
sometimes aided by consultants, has changed, as many
operators have recognized the cost-savings made possible by
buying technology from third parties. As a result, two types of
competitors have emerged in our Market Technology segment:
exchange operators and technology providers unaffiliated with
exchanges. These organizations make available a range of off-
the-shelf technology, including trading, clearing, market
surveillance, settlement, depository and information
dissemination, and offer customization and operation expertise.
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