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The merit of V. Polterovich is that he showed the relationship
between the theory of reforms and institutional change.
In general,
these concepts complement the work of D. North and allow a more
complete explanation of the observed changes in institutions.
At
the present stage, scholars from post-Soviet countries are
proposing new concepts of institutional development. In particular, G.
Kleiner proposes to divide the factors affecting the institutional process
into three groups according to the level at which they emerge:
micro-level (the actions of social
actors in creating and
embedding norms);
The meso-level (the formation and change of 'interaction fields or
arenas' - local spheres where institutions are born or established);
The macro-level (the interaction of institutions themselves).
According to the scholar, factors at all three levels are participants
in institutional genesis, but in different roles and at different stages of
the life cycle of an institution.
In his concept, institutional change is represented as a two-level
process. At the highest level, which involves
both conscious mental
processes and the personal and collective unconscious,
information
impulses are formed as a result of certain kinds of events, reflecting the
need of a significant part of society for a certain institution. These
impulses trigger processes of searching for a corresponding prototype
in the space of basic proto-institutions.
The search is performed by
adapters and initiators - a kind of institutional scouts or leaders of
society - individuals or collectives whose voice will be heard by a given
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