University of Dundee The counterterrorism agreements of Europol with third countries
Yüklə 275,33 Kb. Pdf görüntüsü
|
27
6 Christian Kaunert, “Europol and EU Counterterrorism : International Security Actorness in the External Dimension,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 33, no. 7 (2010): 387-404. Stephen Rozee, Christian Kaunert, and Sarah Léonard, “Is Europol a Comprehensive Policing Actor?,” Perspectives on European Politics and Society 14, no. 3 (2013): 373- 387.
7 Patryk Pawlak, “The Unintentional Development of the EU's Security Governance Beyond Borders,” European Foreign Affairs Review 17, special issue (2012): 87-108. 8 Brown (see note 4 above), 97. Carrapiço and Trauner (see note 4 above), 360. Monica Den Boer and Neil Walker, “European Policing After 1992,” Journal of Common Market Studies 31, no. 1 (1993): 7. 9 Bures, “EU Counterterrorism Policy: A Paper Tiger?” (see note 4 above), 59. Deflem (see not 5 above), 341. 10 Archick (see note 4 above), 10. Busuioc, Curtin, and Groenleer (see note 3 above), 853. 11 Council of the European Union, “Action plan to combat organized crime,” OJ C 251/1, August 15, 1997. 12 Council of the European Union, “2055 Council-JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS,” Press: 375 12888/97, December 4, 1997. 13 Kaunert “Europol and EU Counterterrorism : International Security Actorness in the External Dimension” (see note 6 above), 654. 14 Deflem (see note 5 above), 337. 15 Council of the European Union, “Decision of 27 March (2000) authorising the Director of Europol to enter into negotiations on agreements with third States and non-EU related bodies”, Decision OJ C 106, April 13, 2000. 16 Advisor to the European Union Counter-terrorism Coordinator, interview, 2013. Kaunert “Europol and EU Counterterrorism : International Security Actorness in the External Dimension” (see note 6 above), 659. 17 Christian Kaunert and Kamil Zwolski, The EU as a Global Security Actor: a Comprehensive Analysis across CFSP and JHA (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 101-103. Joint Supervisory Body of Europol, “Opinion 01/38”, November 26, 2001. 18 Advisor to the European Union Counter-terrorism Coordinator (see note 16 above). 19 Petr Binhack and Lukas Tichy, “Asymmetric interdependence in the Czech-Russian energy relations,” Energy Policy 45 (2012): 55. 20 Gerald Schneider, Daniel Finke, and Stefanie Bailer, “Bargaining Power in the European Union: An Evaluation of Competing Game-Theoretic Models,” Political Studies 58, no. 1 (2010): 86-87. 21 Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, Power and interdependence (New York: Longman, 2001), 9. 22
Kaunert, Léonard, and MacKenzie (see note 2 above), 474-496. 23 Binhack and Tichy (see note 19 above), 55. James Hughes, Gwendolyn Sasse, and Claire Gordon, “Conditionality and Compliance in the EU’s Eastward Enlargement: Regional Policy and the Reform of Sub-national Government,” Journal of Common Market Studies 42, no. 3 (2004): 524. 24 Joseph Nye, “Soft Power”, Foreign Policy, no. 80 (1990): 153-171. 25 Alessia Biava, Margriet Drent, and Graeme Herd, “Characterizing the European Union's Strategic Culture: Analytical Framework”, Journal of Common Market Studies 49, no. 6 (2011): 1227-1128. Iain Alastair Johnston, “Thinking about Strategic Culture”,
Cultures of Counterterrorism: Transatlantic Divergence or Convergence?”, International Affairs 81, no. 5 (2005): 906-907. Asle Toje, “The 2003 European Union Security Strategy: a Critical Appraisal”, European Foreign Affairs Review 10, no. 1 (2005): 122. 26 Sandra Lavenex and Frank Schimmelfennig, “EU Rules beyond EU Borders: Theorizing External Governance in European Politics,” Journal of European Public Policy 16, no. 6 (2009): 791-812. Elena Korosteleva, The European Union and its Eastern Neighbours: towards a more Ambitious Partnership? (Abingdon: Routledge, 2012). Sandra Lavenex 28
and Frank Schimmelfennig, eds, Democracy Promotion in the EU’s Neighbourhood: From
27 Wyn Rees, “Inside Out: the External Face of EU Internal Security Policy,” Journal of European Integration 30, no. 1 (2008): 97-111. Christian Kaunert, “The External Dimension of EU Counter-Terrorism Relations: Competences, Interests, and Institutions,” Terrorism and Political Violence 22, no. 1 (2009): 41-61. Christian Kaunert, “Conclusion: Assessing the External Dimension of EU Counter-terrorism Ten Years On,” European Security 21, no. 4 (2012): 578-587. 28 Sophie Meunier and Kalypso Nicolaïdis, “The European Union as a Conflicted Trade Power,” Journal of European Public Policy 13, no. 6 (2006): 907. 29 Kaunert, Léonard, and MacKenzie (see note 2 above), 483. 30 Wyn Rees, Transatlantic Counter-terrorism Cooperation: the New Imperative (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006), 1-9. 31 “You are either with us or against us”. CNN, Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2001/US/11/06/gen.attack.on.terror/ (accessed September 16, 2014). 32 Rees (see note 30 above), 83-84. 33 Kaunert (see note 6 above), 664. 34 Council of the European Union, “Extraordinary Council Meeting-JUSTICE, HOME AFFAIRS AND CIVIL PROTECTION,” 12019/01, September 20, 2001. 35 Els de Busser, “EU data protection in transatlantic cooperation in criminal matters: Will the EU be serving its citizens an American meal?” Utrecht Law Review 6, no. 1 (2010): 96. 36 Archick (see note 4 above), 6. 37 Leslie Lebl, “Security Beyond Borders,” Policy Review (2005). EU official, interview, 2012. 38
International Law-Enforcement Cooperation,” London: Police Foundation, 1999), 9 39 Archick (see note 4 above), 12. 40 De Busser (see note 1 above), 335. 41 Archick (see note 4 above), 12. 42 Joint Supervisory Body of Europol (see note 17 above). 43 De Busser (see note 35 above), 96. 44 While the beginning of article 5 stated that the transmission of information ‘shall be for the purposes set forth in the request’ the article continued presupposing that these purposes ‘shall be deemed to include the prevention, detection, suppression, investigation and prosecution of any specific criminal offences, and any specific analytical purposes, to which such information relates.’ In other words, the shared information could be used not only for the purpose for which a request was made but also for broader non-criminal proceedings and intelligence-related purposes. 45 “Cable 04BRUSSELS4536, EUROPOL - FEELING ITS WAY FORWARD.” WikiLeaks. Available at: https://wikileaks.org/cable/2004/10/04BRUSSELS4536.html (accessed July 15, 2015). 46 Archick (see note 4 above), 12. 47 Rees (see note 30 above), 74. 48 Kaunert, Léonard, and MacKenzie (see note 2 above), 474-496. 49 Pawlak, “The Unintentional Development of the EU's Security Governance beyond Borders” (see note 7 above), 102-103. 50 Archick (see note 4 above), 9. Bures, “Europol's fledgling counterterrorism role” (see note 4 above), 510. Busuioc, Curtin and Groenleer (see note 3 above), 861. Busuioc and Groenleer (see note 3 above), 294. Deflem (see note 5 above), p.353. Fagersten (see note 4 above), 509. Advisor to the European Union Counter-terrorism Coordinator (see note 16 above). Kaunert “Europol and EU Counterterrorism : International Security Actorness in the External Dimension” (see note 6 above), 656. Walsh (see note 4 above), 638-639. 51 Hassan Oz, “Constructing Crises, (In)securitising Terror: the Punctuated Evolution of EU Counter-terror Strategy," European Security 19, no. 3 (2010): 453. Archick (see note 4 above), 17. 52 Bruce Hoffman, Inside terrorism (New York: Columbia University Press, 2006 2nd ed.) 29
53 Advisor to the European Union Counter-terrorism Coordinator (see note 16 above). Kaunert “Europol and EU Counterterrorism : International Security Actorness in the External Dimension” (see note 6 above), 666. 54 Den Boer, Hillebrand, and Nölke (see note 3 above), 111. 55 Busuioc, Curtin, and Groenleer (see note 3 above), 855-856. 56 Ethem İlbiz, “The Impact of the European Union on Turkish Counter-terrorism Policy Towards the Kurdistan Workers Party” (PhD diss., University of Nottingham, 2014), 157- 167.
57 Ibid., 187-230. 58 “Agreement on Cooperation Between the European Police Office and the Republic of Turkey,” May 18, 2004, 1-6. 59 Senior official from the Turkish National Police (Europol Department), interview, 2014. 60 “Agreement on Cooperation Between the European Police Office and the Republic of Turkey,” (see note 48 above), 4. 61 “AB'den Kritik Ziyaret (A Critical Visit from the EU)”. NTV. Available at: http://video.ntvmsnbc.com/abden-kritik-ziyaret.html (accessed November 26, 2014). 62 Senior official from the Turkish National Police (Counterterrorism Department), interview, 2013. 63 Emanuel Marotta, “Europol's Role in Anti‐terrorism Policing," Terrorism and Political Violence 11, no. 4 (1999): 15. Justing Huggler, Paul Wood, and Andrew Buncombe, “Embassies under siege as Kurds orchestrate Europe-wide protest,” The Independent, 1999. 64
Parliament,” in Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism, and the Kurdish Issue, eds. Marlies Casier and Joost Jongerden (Abingdon: Routledge, 2011), 202-203. Jonathan Sugden, “Leverage in Theory and Practise: Human Rights and Turkey's EU candidacy,” in Turkey and European Integration: Accession Prospects and
65 “Foreign fighter total in Syria/Iraq now exceeds 20,000; surpasses Afghanistan conflict in the 1980s.” The International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence. Available at: http://icsr.info/2015/01/foreign-fighter-total-syriairaq-now- exceeds-20000-surpasses-afghanistan-conflict-1980s/ (accessed August 3, 2015). 66 “Europol chief says more cooperation needed to counter terror.” The World Post. Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20150223/eu-europe-fighting- terror/?utm_hp_ref=world&ir=world (accessed March 21, 2015). 67 Busuioc, Curtin, and Groenleer (see note 3 above), 860. Busuioc and Groenleer (see note 3 above), 297. 68 Advisor to the European Union Counter-terrorism Coordinator (see note 16 above). 69 Council of the European Union, “Barcelona Declaration” (paper presented at the Euro- Mediterranean Conference, Barcelona), November 27-28, 1995. 70 Nuray Ibryamova, “Eastern Enlargement and the European Security Agenda,” Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series 4, no. 8 (2004): 3-4, Florian Trauner, “EU Justice and Home Affairs Strategy in the Western Balkans," (Brussels: CEPS Working Document 259, 2009), 4. Sandra Lavenex, Safe third countries: extending the EU asylum and
University Press, 1999), 155. 71 Judith Kelley, “New Wine in Old Wineskins: Promoting Political Reforms through the New European Neighbourhood Policy,” Journal of Common Market Studies 44, no. 1 (2006): 30-34. 72 Sarah Wolff, The Mediterranean dimension of the European Union's internal security (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), 173. 73 Elena Baracani, “The European Neighbourhood Policy and Political Conditionality: Double Standards in EU Democracy Promotion?,” in The external dimension of EU justice and home affairs, ed. Thierry Balzacq (Basingstoke, 2009), 139. 30
74 Christian Kaunert and Sarah Léonard, “EU Counterterrorism and the European Neighbourhood Policy: An Appraisal of the Southern Dimension,” Terrorism and Political Violence 23, no. 2 (2011): 294. 75 Wolff (see note 75 above), 176. 76 “Foreign fighter total in Syria/Iraq now exceeds 20,000; surpasses Afghanistan conflict in the 1980s” (see note 55 above). 77 Michelle Pace, “The European Union, security and the southern dimension,” European Security 19, no. 3 (2010): 193-214. George Joffé, “The European Union, Democracy and Counter-Terrorism in the Maghreb,” Journal of Common Market Studies 46, no. 1 (2008): 147-171. Franz Eder, “The European Union's counter-terrorism policy towards the Maghreb: trapped between democratisation, economic interests and the fear of destabilisation,” European Security 20, no. 3 (2011): 431-451. Robert Dover, “Towards a Common EU Immigration Policy: a Securitization Too Far,” Journal of European Integration 30, no. 1 (2008): 113-130. Roland Dannreuther, “Developing the alternative to enlargement: the European Neighbourhood Policy,” European Foreign Affairs Review 11, no. 2 (2006). 78 Ethem Ilbiz and Benjamin L. Curtis, “Trendsetters, Trend Followers, and Individual Players: Obtaining Global Counterterror Actor Types from Proscribed Terror Lists,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 38, no.1 (2015): 45-46. 79 Giselle Bosse, “Values in the EU's Neighbourhood Policy: Political Rhetoric or Reflection of a Coherent Policy?”, European Political Economy Review 7, no.1 (2007): 38-62. George Joffé (see note 80 above). Sarah Wolff, “The Mediterranean Dimension of EU Counter-terrorism,” Journal of European Integration 31, no.1: 137-156. Yüklə 275,33 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
|