В английском алфавите 26 букв. Из них

*Going to – в разговорной речи «gonna» и это American English

Homework

1. 
   20 sentences
   
2. 
   All units of to be going to from Murphy
   
3. 
   
   

Lesson 20

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE – настоящее совершенное время

А. Form

Утвердительные предложения:

Форма глагола PRESENT PERFECT строиться также как и в PAST SIMPLE. К правильным глаголам добавляем окончание -ed ,а исключения третья форма неправильных глаголов

Simple	Past	Perfect
to slip	Slipped	slipped
to create	Created	created
to establish	Established	established
to fry	Fried	fried

Неправильные глаголы 3 колонка для PRESENT PERFECT:

Simple	Past	Perfect
to abide	abode	abode
to arise	arose	arisen
to awake	awoke/awaked	awoke/awaked
to bear	bore	borne, born
to beat	beat	beaten
to bend	bent	bent
to begin	began	begun
to behold	beheld	beheld
to choose	chose	chosen
to creep	crept	crept
to chide	chid	chidden
to draw	drew	drown
to drive	drove	driven
to fall	fell	fell
to forbid	forbade	forbidden
to lie	lay	lain
to steal	stole	stolen
to weave	wove	woven
to write	wrote	written

S + have / has (not) + V ed правильные глаг

S + have / has (not) + V (Perfect) неправильные глаг

have I / we / you / they

has he / she / it

I have worked at this factory since 1985. We haven't visited Mexico yet.

She has traveled a lot of countries. They have never played a violin.

Вопросительные предложения:

Для образования вопросительных и отрицательных предложений используется вспомогательный глагол have/has :

а) Общие вопросы:

have / has + Ved правильные гл

have / has + V (Perfect) неправильные гл

Have you finished reading that book? Has Tom driven a truck?

Have the pupils used this blackboard? Has Margaret smoked a cigarette?

Have you fallen asleep during class? Have you built a house by yourself?

Форма кратких ответов.

Yes, I have. No, I haven't

Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn't

Yes, we/you/they have. No, we/you/they haven't

b) специальные вопросительные предложения:

What/Where/How long/ Why.... have / has + S + V -ed/V (Perfect)

What have you written in your letter? Where have you worked?

What have you done with it? How long have you played golf?

What have you had for dinner? What country has Tom visited?

c) отрицательно-вопросительные предложения:

Why hasn't she (или has she not) gone home yet?

Why haven't you listened t the radio attentively?

Where has she not been invited?

B. USE

Это время является союзом настоящего и прошлого времени, часто используется в речи, письмах, газетах теле и радио-передачах .

1)Недавно закончившееся действие с результатом в настоящем (время действия неважно)

He has cut the grass.

I’ve lost my key.(i don’t have it now)

I have read the instructions but I don't understand them.

Have you had breakfast? - No, I haven't had it yet.

The company has relocated to a new city.

сравните:

I read the instructions last night / ten minutes ago. (время указано)

Did you have breakfast at the hotel? (время указано)

2)NOTE: в некоторых случаях когда не известно время действия можно задавать вопрос в Present perfect а отвечать в Past simple с указанием времени.

Have you seen my stamps?

Yes, I saw them on your desk a minute ago.

Have you had breakfast?

Yes, I have / No I haven't had it yet / Yes, I had it at 7. / I had it with Mary. (время указано)

3)Действия которые начались в прошлом и продолжаются дo сих пор:

Tom has had a bad car crash. (He's probably still in hospital)

The lift has broken down. (We have to use the stairs)

My mother has worked as an interpreter for 10 years.(and still working)

Если же нет связи с настоящим временем то используем Past simple.

Tom had a bad car crash. (but he's out of hospital)

The lift broke down. (it's working again)

My mother worked as an interpreter for 10 years(doesn’t work now)

Похожее

Jill has painted the floor. (She can't walk on it, it is wet.)

Jill painted the floor. (She can walk on it.)

I’ve washed my hair (still wet)

I washed my hair (already dry)

“present perfect + yet” есть результат в наст. времени.

He hasn't come yet. (We are still waiting for him)

I haven't received a letter from him yet. (I look forward to it)

4)Действие которое произошло однажды в прошлом и которое может повториться в настоящем

I have seen wolves in that forest. (It is still possible to see them)

John Smith has written a number of short stories. (He is still alive and can write more)

Но если волки или John Smith умерли то :

I saw wolves in that forest once/several times или I used to see wolves here.

John Smith wrote a number of short stories.

Для недавно законченных действий используем just :

He has just gone out. = He went out a few minutes ago.

We have just arrived.

*just = недавно, только что

Слова –указатели yet, still, already, just, recently, lately, so far, ever, never, how long, since, for,today,

5)Со словами this morning/ afternoon/ evening/ week/ month/ year/ century/ millennium/ decade, all his/her/my life действия которые произошли в определенное время которое еще не закончилось во время разговора :

He has read three novels this week. I haven't seen you for ages. (but I see you now)

This morning(till 1 o’clock+present perfect),(after 1 o’clock+past simple)

This afternoon(till 5 o’clock+pr.perfect)(after 5 o’clock+past simple)

Tom has rung up three times this morning already. (at 11 a.m.)

Tom rang up three times this morning. (after 1 p.m.)

I haven’t seen Tom this afternoon ( at 4 p .m)

I didn’t see Tom this afternoon (at 6 p. m )

Has the postman come this morning? (The postman normally comes between 9 and 10, and it is 9:45)

Did the postman come this morning? (It is 11 o'clock)

Has....

Homework

1. 
   20 sentences
   
2. 
   All units of present perfect from Murphy
   
3. 
   
   

By: KHOJIAKBAR Teacher.