COLD WAR
A Student Encyclopedia
V O L U M E I : A – D
Dr. Spencer C. Tucker
Volume Editor
Dr. Priscilla Roberts
Editor, Documents Volume
Dr. Paul G. Pierpaoli Jr.
Associate Editor
Dr. Timothy C. Dowling
Mr. Gordon E. Hogg
Dr. Priscilla Roberts
Assistant Editors
PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE FOREWORD BY
John S. D. Eisenhower
Santa Barbara, California
Denver, Colorado
Oxford, England
Copyright © 2008 by ABC-CLIO, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief
quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cold War: A Student Encyclopedia
/ Spencer C. Tucker, editor.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-85109-701-2 (hard copy : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-1-85109-706-7 (ebook)
1. Cold War—Encyclopedias. 2. World politics—1945–1989—Encyclopedias.
3. World politics—1985–1995—Encyclopedias. I. Tucker, Spencer, 1937–
D840.E63 2008
909.82′5—dc22
2008009681
10 09 08 07 06 05
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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This book is printed on acid-free paper
.
Manufactured in the United States of America
About the Editors
Spencer C. Tucker, Ph.D., held the John Biggs Chair of Military History at his alma
mater of the Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, for six years until his retirement
from teaching in 2003. Before that, he was professor of history for thirty years at Texas
Christian University, Fort Worth. He has also been a Fulbright scholar and, as an army
captain, an intelligence analyst in the Pentagon. Currently the Senior Fellow in Military
History at ABC-CLIO, he has written or edited twenty-five books, including the award-
winning Encyclopedia of World War II, Encyclopedia of World War I, and upcoming
Encyclopedia of the Cold War, all published by ABC-CLIO.
Priscilla Mary Roberts received her Ph.D. from Cambridge University and is a lec-
turer in history and honorary director of the Center of American Studies at the Univer-
sity of Hong Kong. Dr. Roberts has received numerous research awards and was
assistant editor of the Encyclopedia of the Korean War, and Encyclopedia of the Viet-
nam War, published by ABC-CLIO. She spent 2003 as a visiting Fulbright scholar at the
Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies at The George Washington Univer-
sity in Washington, D.C.
C
O L D
W
A R
E
N C Y C L O P E D I A
A
D V I S O R Y
B
O A R D
M
E M B E R S
Dr. Anna Boros-McGee
Independent Scholar
Dr. Christopher Braddick
Independent Scholar
Dr. Donald Coerver
Department of History
Texas Christian University
Dr. Bernard A. Cook
Department of History
Loyola University
(New Orleans)
Dr. James Hentz
Department of International Studies
Virginia Mi litary Institute
Dr. Hirama Yoichi
Rear Admiral, retired
Former professor
Japanese National Defense Academy
Dr. Beatrice Jansen-de Graaf
Institute for History
University of Utrecht
The Netherlands
Dr. Kim Jinwung
Department of History
Kyungpok National University
Republic of Korea
Dr. Law Yuk-fun
Hong Kong University Open Learning Institute
People’s Republic of China
Shawn Livingston
Reference Librarian
W. T. Young Library
University of Kentucky
Mr. Alessandro Massignani
Independent Scholar
Dr. James I. Matray
Department of History
California State University, Chico
Dr. Malcolm Muir
Department of History
The Virginia Mi litary Institute
Dr. David Tal
Department of History
Tel Aviv University
Dr. Paul Wingrove
Department of History and Politics
University of Greenwich
United Kingdom
C
A R T O G R A P H E R
International Mapping Associates