Vilfredo Pareto's Sociology : a Framework for Political Psychology



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VILFREDO PARETO’S SOCIOLOGY


Rethinking Classical Sociology
Series Editor: David Chalcraft, University of Derby, UK
This series is designed to capture, reflect and promote the major changes that 
are occurring in the burgeoning field of classical sociology. The series publishes 
monographs, texts and reference volumes that critically engage with the established 
figures in classical sociology as well as encouraging examination of thinkers and 
texts from within the ever-widening canon of classical sociology. Engagement 
derives from theoretical and substantive advances within sociology and involves 
critical dialogue between contemporary and classical positions. The series reflects 
new interests and concerns including feminist perspectives, linguistic and cultural 
turns, the history of the discipline, the biographical and cultural milieux of texts, 
authors and interpreters, and the interfaces between the sociological imagination and 
other discourses including science, anthropology, history, theology and literature. 
The series offers fresh readings and insights that will ensure the continued relevance 
of the classical sociological imagination in contemporary work and maintain the 
highest standards of scholarship and enquiry in this developing area of research.
Also in the series:
Crossing the Psycho-Social Divide
Freud, Weber, Adorno and Elias
George Cavalletto
ISBN 978 0 7546 4772 0
Science, Values and Politics in Max Weber’s Methodology
New Expanded Edition
Hans Henrik Bruun 
ISBN 0 7546 4529 0
Defending the Durkheimian Tradition
Religion, Emotion and Morality 
Jonathan S. Fish
ISBN 0 7546 4138 4
What Price the Poor? 
William Booth, Karl Marx and the London Residuum
Ann M. Woodall
ISBN 0 7546 4203 8


Vilfredo Pareto’s Sociology
A Framework for Political Psychology 
ALASDAIR J. MARSHALL
Glasgow Caledonian University, UK


© Alasdair J. Marshall 2007
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system 
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording 
or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.
Alasdair J. Marshall has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 
1988, to be identified as the author of this work.
Published 
by 
   
Ashgate Publishing Limited   
 
Ashgate Publishing Company
Gower 
House 
   Suite 
420
Croft 
Road 
   101 
Cherry 
Street
Aldershot 
    Burlington, 
VT 
05401-4405
Hampshire GU11 3HR 
 
 
USA
England
  Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com 
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
 Marshall, 
Alasdair 
J.
 
Vilfredo Pareto’s sociology : a framework for political
 
psychology. - (Rethinking classical sociology)
 
1. Pareto, Vilfredo, 1848-1923 2. Social psychology
 
3. Political psychology
 I. 
Title
 02'.092
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Marshall, Alasdair.
    Vilfredo Pareto’s sociology : a framework for political psychology / by Alasdair J.
Marshall.
       p. cm. -- (Rethinking classical sociology)
    Includes bibliographical references and index.
  ISBN 
978-0-7546-4978-6
  1. Sociology--Philosophy. 2. Pareto, Vilfredo, 1848-1923.  I. Title. II.
Title: Sociology
  HM585.M3457 
2007
  301. 
092--dc22
2007025146
ISBN-13: 978 0 7546 4978 6
Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall.


Contents
List of Tables 
vii
Series Editor’s Preface 
ix
Author’s Preface 
xix
1 Introduction 
1

Pareto’s ‘Psychologistic’ Sociology 
9
 
  2.1  Pareto and Marx 
9
 
  2.2  Pareto’s Elite Theory 
10
 
  2.3  A Brief Biography 
10
 
  2.4  Pareto’s Italy: Clientelismo and Trasformismo 
13
 
  2.5  Pareto and Machiavelli: Similar Theories of Human Nature 
21
 
  2.6  Pareto’s Historical Cycle and the Circulation of Elites 
25
 
  2.7  Pareto and Parsons: Similar Theories of Social System? 
31
 
  2.8  Pareto’s Residues 
37
 
  2.9  Conclusion: Pareto’s Political Sociology 
41
3 Social 
Personality 
43
  
3.1 
Introduction 
43
 
  3.2  Social Personality 
45
 
  3.3  Cognitive Indeterminacy 
51
 
  3.4  Conservative and Liberal Heuristics under Conditions of 
 
 
 
    Cognitive Indeterminacy 
59
 
  3.5  The Evolution of Knowledge through Trial and Error  
 
 
 
    Experimentation 
63
  
3.6 
Social 
Complexity 
67
  
3.7 
Conclusion 
77
4 Pareto’s 
Psychology 
79
  
4.1 
Introduction 
79
 
  4.2  Cultural Conservatism and Liberal Scepticism 
83
 
  4.3  Individualism and Collectivism 
89
  
4.4 
Creativity 
99
  
4.5 
Risk 
 
108
 
  4.6  Force and Fraud 
 
116
 
    4.6.1  Force 
116
 
    4.6.2  Fraud 
123
  
        4.6.3  The Dark Triad and Superego Strength 
134


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