Визуальный Интернет-юмор, как фактор



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第十五

发布不实信息。不实信息主要表现为:


(一) 整体失实:事件本身系子虚乌有。
(二) 捏造细节:捏造细节使整个事件被扭曲。
(三) 图文不符:通过错误的图文搭配误导他人。
(四) 夸大事实:在描述中对事实夸大其词,误导他人。
(五) 过期信息:将已得到解决的事件作为新消息发布,并略去已产生的结果。
(六) 信息残缺:隐藏部分事实,以不完整的信息误导他人。
(七) 断章取义:将部分事实加上推测作为事实发布。文艺评论不适用本条规定。

第十六

用户纠纷类违规,主要包括:

(一) 泄露他人隐私,主要表现为:
1. 泄露身份信息:公开他人真实姓名及身份证号、电话号码、家庭住址。用户已公开或授权公开的除外,涉及公共利益的除外。
2. 泄露其它信息:公开他人不愿被知悉的不危害社会的信息。如:性取向、生理及心理缺陷、财产状况、信用卡、电子消费卡、上网卡、上网帐号和密码、交易账号和密码、网上购物使用的帐号和密码、IP地址、浏览网页的踪迹或活动内容、私生活镜头以及社会关系等,他人可通过合法公开渠道得知的或涉及公共利益的除外。

(二) 人身攻击,主要表现为:


1. 侮辱:以侮辱性言论伤害他人。
2. 诽谤:刻意捏造信息破坏他人名誉。误解不适用本条规定。
3. 肖像篡改:修改他人肖像且令本人不能接受。
转发他人发布的含有人身攻击内容的微博或评论,但没有继续人身攻击的,该转发微博不构成人身攻击,但接到当事人举报后可删除。

(三) 冒充他人,主要表现为:通过头像、昵称、域名及各类自我说明,暗示自己与他人或机构相等同或有关联。

(四) 内容抄袭,主要表现为:发布他人原创内容而不注明出处或标识转载。
原创内容暂指首发于微博的内容,不包括修改、整合的图片等。

(五) 骚扰他人,主要表现为:以评论、@他人、私信、求关注等方式对他人反复发送重复、近似、诉求相同的信息。反复是指3次及以上。

(六) 认证用户身份虚假,主要表现为:
1. 通过伪造材料、提供虚假信息,获取微博认证身份;
2. 用户真实身份与认证身份不符。

(七) 认证用户身份真实,但在微博从事的商业行为中有违规的,按照《微博商业行为规范办法(试行)》的相关规定处理。商业行为是指在微博发布有奖活动、广告信息等。

Appendix IV. Visual and Content Analysis of Images

Table 1. Uncensored Images



(source: China Digital Times, http://chinadigitaltimes.net/ )

Picture


Semiotic analysis (dominant visual images: iconic, symbolic, indexical)

Punctum

Structural analysis

Discursive analysis

Group

1

Indices: fishermen, the man's smile, chair
Symbols: fishing rod, presence/absence of faces

Phrase 劳动致富 - 'work hard and get rich'

Vertical structure: the man - people opposition

Xi Jinping's anti-corruption campaign

Critique of officials

2

Indices: Lei Zhenfu's head
Symbols: CCTV1 news studio

Lei Zhengfu's head instead of a broadcaster's

-

Lei Zhengfu's scandalous sex video;
new Internet information security regulations;

Censorship

3

Symbols: Pinocchio, national emblem, fruit and vegetables

-

-

Great Leap Forward;
Yang Jisheng's article Tombstone: The Great Chinese Famine;

Historical events

4

Symbols: five stars from the national flag, red cracker

Five stars as a flame

-

Chinese New Year's traditions:
upcoming appointment of the new leader

Political system

5

Indices: a man
Symbols: a strong hand covering mouth




-

Chinese Internet regulations

Censorship

6

Icons: family, newspaper
Indices: mask, hat, Mao suit, people's expression of anger
Symbols: excrements

Excrements

-

Tuo Zhen's appointment as the propaganda chief of Guangdong province;
homophones: 庹 (surname) = 坨 (a measure word for excrements)

Critique of officials

7

Indices: smiley face;
Symbols: Loud Sounds Prohibited sign; red excrements, name of the currency and bank

Excrements

-

Tuo Zhen's appointment as the propaganda chief of Guangdong province;
homophones: 庹 (surname) = 坨 (a measure word for excrements)

Critique of officials

8

Symbols: a person with plastic bags, three pieces of excrements

Excrements

Opposition of one person and three pieces of red excrements: same structure as in the famous photo of Tiananmen Square incident

Tuo Zhen's appointment as the propaganda chief of Guangdong province;
homophones: 庹 (surname) = 坨 (a measure word for excrements)

Historical events

9

Indices: head under the ground
Symbols: oustrich, excrements

Oustrich

-

Tuo Zhen's appointment as the propaganda chief of Guangdong province;
homophones: 庹 (surname) = 坨 (a measure word for excrements) = 驼 (oustrich)

Critique of officials

10

Indices: weak woman, strong man
Symbols: red floor

-

The woman is being raped by the man - the relations between the party and the media

Chinese censorship regulations

Censorship

11

Indices: newspapers, axe, Hermes belt, Mao suit, official
Symbols: the Statue of Liberty, three watches

-

Newspapers as a base for the official

Chinese censorship regulations;
corruption

Critique of officials

12

Indices: official's traditional hat, bar code
Symbols: red background,

-

-

Traditional Chinese garment;
corruption

Critique of officials

13

Indices: bag of money, tiger;s smile
Symbols: tiger, flies, axe, flapper

-

-

Xi Jinping's anti-corruption campaign;
Xi Jinping's quotation: '要坚持“老虎”、“苍蝇”一起打' - 'must keep on fighting tigers and flies at the same time'

Critique of officials

14

Indices: pig's head, fish body
Symbols: pig's head

Pig's head

A fish in the hands of a human

The Huangpu river incident

Environmental problems

15

Indices: army suit, Santa Claus' suit, official's bag
Symbols: pig

Pig's head

-

The Huangpu river incident

Environmental problems

16

Indices: human, pig
Symbols: pig

Pig in the water

Vertical struxture: a human is opposed to a pig in the water

The Huangpu river incident

Environmental problems

17

Indices: head of a dead, fish body
Symbols: red water,

Pig's head

-

The Huangpu river incident

Environmental problems

18

Symbols: red logo of the Ministry of Railways

-

-

Ministry of Railroads scandal

Critique of officials

19

Indices: Lei Zhengfu's face
Symbols: toad body, horse, toilet paper

-

-

Inrternet euphemisms;
Homophones: 你幸福吗?(Are you happy?) = 拟幸福马 (Horse that imitates happiness); 幸福 (happiness) = 性富 (rich with sex);
CCTV program on happiness;
Lei Zhengfu's scandalous sex video

Critique of officials

20

Indices: Mao's selected works book
Symbols: Lei Feng

Lei Zhengfu's head

-

Lei Feng's example of true communist spirit;
Films about Lei Feng aired in 2013
Lei Zhengfu's scandalous sex video

Critique of officials

21

Icons: Mao's portrait
Indices: mask, closed eyes, waving hair

Mask

-

Beijing smog problem

Environmental problems

22

Icons: Mao's portrait
Indices: closed eyes, waving hair, smile

-

-

Beijing smog problem

Environmental problems

23

Indices: red stains,
Symbols: Apple Inc. logo, Fruit Ninja application logo

-

-

Chinese media's anti-Apple campaign

Foreign Affairs

24

Indices: happy director, formal suit
Symbols: wolf, deer, 'thumb up' gesture

-

-

Media as the main platform for propaganda

Media

25

Indices: Mao Zedong's hairstyle, Red Guards' hand band, user's face expression, nets

-

two smaller Red Guard-like fidures are bending in front of the Mao-like figure

Internet censorship regulations;
Red Guards

Censorship

26

Indices: official government seal
Symbols: the Statue of Liberty, gold bar, prison cell

-

-

Corruption

Political system

27

Symbols: Hitler's body,

Hitler-like figure

-

Colonel Dai Xu's opinion on China's military strategy and current affairs

Environmental problems

28

Indices: magnifying glass, smiling cameraman, hand

-

-

New restrictions on domestic media

Media

29

Indices: axe, pioneer, no mouth
Symbols: red book instead of a head,

Red book instead of a head

A bigger figure is dominating the smaller one

Traditional Chinese teching methods

Society

30

Indices: Sun Wu Kong, bulldozer

Bucket of the bulldozer

A huge bulldozer opposed to a small Monkey king: opposition of the government secision and people

The legend of the Monkey King;
Governmental decision for demolition of the Xingjiao Temple in Xi'an

Society

31

Indices: chickens, red transparency

-

Arrangement of chickens as in a traditional photo of meetings and congresses, with two older and more important figures in the center

H7N9 strain of avian flu situation

Environmental problems

32

Icons: Oval Office
Indices: Obama's face expression
Symbols: red curtains, a transparency with Chinese characters

-

-

Petitions of the Chinese posted through the White House website

Society

33

Icons: policeman
Indices: microscope, computer, sign of Tallium

-

-

Popular manga Detective Conan;
The case of tallium poisoning being brought up to public attention again

Society

34

Symbols: Winnie-the-Pooh, Tigger

-

Parallel images; same posture - same status

The US and China leaders' meeting at Sunnnylands, California

Leaders

35

Indices: foot, broken line

-

-

A loss in the Thailand-China match

Society

36

Indices: traditional hat of imperial officials
Symbols: pagoda

Jumping pagoda

Pagoda has great power - jumps over the face of a man

Case of Liu Guofeng and chengguans

Society

37

Indices: red book, smiles

-

All characters are equal

Concept of China Dream;
Post deletion in Weibo

Censorship

38

Symbols: cloud symbolyzing a dream

-

Equality of a seller and the chengguans vs. inequality

Concept of China Dream;
Case of watermelon seller in Hunan;
Reputation of chengguans

Society

39

Indices: ghost
Symbols: scales, smashed watermelon, watermelon juice

-

-

Case of watermelon seller in Hunan

Society

40

Icons: China map
Indices: iron weight
Symbols: watermelon juice, smashed watermelon

-

-

Case of watermelon seller in Hunan

Society

41

Icons: chengguan, SWAT officer
Symbols: smashed watermelon, watermelon juice

-

-

Case of watermelon seller in Hunan;
Reputation of chengguans

Society

42

Icons: grey-colored people with no faces
Indices: mouths
Symbols: watermelons, smashed watermelons

Watermelon heads

Small, medum-size and big watermelons = a family

Case of watermelon seller in Hunan;
Passivity of the public

Society

43

Indices: crying female worker, chengguan's hat and badge, a military
Symbols: the Great Wall, red bacground

-

Chengguan standing on a man's head

Case of watermelon seller in Hunan

Society

44

Indices: SWAT shields and clubs
Symbols: smashed watermelon, watermelon juice

-

-

Case of watermelon seller in Hunan

Society

45

Symbols: monk's hat; traditional clothing

-

-

The Legend of the White snake;
Qigong instructor Wang Lin's reputation

Society

46

Indices: V-sign
Symbols: emperor's garment, brick ornament

-

Wall-man is much bigger than the usual man - mmore power

The status if VIP-users in Weibo

Censorship

47

Indices: handcuffs

-

-

The status if VIP-users in Weibo

Censorship

48

Symbols: @-symbol head, locks

-

-

Freedom of Internet discussions

Censorship

49

Icons: human silhouette
Indices: net

-

Silouette is situated outside the net and is much bigger than other people

Freedom of Internet discussions

Censorship

50

Icons: policemen
Indices: WeChat icons

-

-

Freedom of Internet discussions

Censorship

51

Icons: human silhouettes, water
Indices: police shields

-

-

Typhoon in Zhejiang;
Protests after the madia coveragte of the situation

Society

52

Indices: red pepper
Symbols: fire

-

Chopstics imply the presense of someone huge compared to the pepper

Imprisonment of a blogger with the nickname Rebel Pepper

Censorship

53

Indices: axe
Symbols: official government seals, tree roots

-

-

Anti-corruption campaign

Political system

54

Indices: cane, red necktie
Symbols: yuan symbols

-

Elderly - young opposition

the case of an elderly woman beig rescued by school students

Society

55

Indices: graduation hats
Symbols: golden rice bowl, red star

-

-

News about the number of civil service examination participants

Critique of officials

56

Indices: headless chickens, dog, feathers for writing
Symbols: 5 jiao note

-

The biggest feather means the highest status - about Mao Zedong

Chinese government practice of hiring Internet cpmmentators

Media

57

Indices: red smile, Mao suit, traditional suit

-

-

CCTV program about happiness

Media

58

Indices: baozi
Symbols: Winnie-the-Pooh

-

-

Xi Jinping's lunch in a small Beijing restaurant

Leaders

59

Symbols: yellow, black, red colors

-

-

Multiple meaning of 德国 (Germany and 'the country of moral');
Anti-pornography campaign

Political system

60

Indices: gas-jet, smiling police

-

-

An incident of a protester burning to death in his tent in Shandong province

Society

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