We shall consider some of these cases

In ancient texts, sacred (Bible, Koran, Rig Veda… ) or epical (Homeric, Iranian, Kirghisian, Scandinavian epics…), we face events of exceptional nature, often catastrophic. These can be interpreted symbolically or as the memory of real events, which may now be modeled mathematically. A non trivial task both in eqs setting and their numerical solution.

• In ancient texts, sacred (Bible, Koran, Rig Veda… ) or epical (Homeric, Iranian, Kirghisian, Scandinavian epics…), we face events of exceptional nature, often catastrophic. These can be interpreted symbolically or as the memory of real events, which may now be modeled mathematically. A non trivial task both in eqs setting and their numerical solution.

• We shall consider some of these cases.

In Plato, Timeus and Critias (likely also in Ellanicus and Pythagoras, from Egyptian or Indian source), it is stated that Earth was affected several times by catastrophes of extraterrestrial nature, characterized by fire and water. Three such events were very great, the last one the Deucalion flood, and the first one, 9000 years before Solon time, the destruction of Atlantis. In Herodotus, Pomponius Mela (also Koran ) it is stated that sunrise and sunset positions of Sun changed three times, a fact that if true implies catastrophic events.

• In Plato, Timeus and Critias (likely also in Ellanicus and Pythagoras, from Egyptian or Indian source), it is stated that Earth was affected several times by catastrophes of extraterrestrial nature, characterized by fire and water. Three such events were very great, the last one the Deucalion flood, and the first one, 9000 years before Solon time, the destruction of Atlantis. In Herodotus, Pomponius Mela (also Koran ) it is stated that sunrise and sunset positions of Sun changed three times, a fact that if true implies catastrophic events.

Most ancient events pertain to first two vedic yugas, once their chronology is decrypted

• Most ancient events pertain to first two vedic yugas, once their chronology is decrypted

• 4 great catastrophes given in Mayan tradition

• 3 great catastrophes in Plato-Egyptian tradition including Atlantis destruction

• 7 events relate to the 7 days of creation in Genesis, each day being actually 1000 years

• Spedicato’s theory about last 4 catastrophes

In Mayan codices that escaped the bonfire of bishop Diego de Landa, in Popol Vuh and in Ixtichihuatl, 4 great catastrophes appear, first one from fire and wind. America preserved a memory older than in Egypt, the fire catastrophe fitting with an event recently discovered: the impact circa 10.900 AC of a large asteroid over Canadian ice. It terminated the Clovis era, burned forests over million square km forming the black mat layer, made climate more severe (Younger Dryas), formed Carolina bays.

• In Mayan codices that escaped the bonfire of bishop Diego de Landa, in Popol Vuh and in Ixtichihuatl, 4 great catastrophes appear, first one from fire and wind. America preserved a memory older than in Egypt, the fire catastrophe fitting with an event recently discovered: the impact circa 10.900 AC of a large asteroid over Canadian ice. It terminated the Clovis era, burned forests over million square km forming the black mat layer, made climate more severe (Younger Dryas), formed Carolina bays.

According to Mayas, the period that followed till second catastrophe was very windy , hence explaining geologic evidence in Europe of frequent forest destruction by hurricanes.

• According to Mayas, the period that followed till second catastrophe was very windy , hence explaining geologic evidence in Europe of frequent forest destruction by hurricanes.

• It also explains the strange statement in Plato that Atlantis was protected from winds by a chain of hills. Notice that Atlantis had been in existence a few centuries before its destruction from internal Platonic chronology. Its date of foundation may be that given by the beginning of the third yuga, circa 9800 BC.

According to Talmudic scholars each day of Creation is a period of 1000 years; same statement in one Psalm

• According to Talmudic scholars each day of Creation is a period of 1000 years; same statement in one Psalm

• Since the 6° day begins with Adam “creation” that can be dated at precisely 5500 BC, the first day starts at 10.500 BC and can be related to the impact over Canada

• Notice that second day corresponds to Atlantis destruction, i.e. to the rapid end of Ice Age

The impact over a 5 km deep ice would create a many thousand km high column of ionized ice, soon becoming extremely bright

• The impact over a 5 km deep ice would create a many thousand km high column of ionized ice, soon becoming extremely bright

• It would be visible even in Europe, Africa, parts of Asia. It would appear as a sudden flash of light, lasting probably several minutes, illuminating the night or beating sun light

• This would explain the statement FIAT LUX

After few hours the sound of the impact would reach Old World as a long rumble, and go on for several days quasi periodically. Hence we may explain LOGOS

• After few hours the sound of the impact would reach Old World as a long rumble, and go on for several days quasi periodically. Hence we may explain LOGOS

• Also after some hours the wind from the event would reach Old World, albeit not as violent and hot as experienced in Central America. Coming from over the waters of the Atlantic, we can explain the SPIRIT = RUACH = strong wind – MOVING OVER THE WATERS

The story of Atlantis presents a civilization centered beyond the Atlantic, with precise geographic features. It was destroyed about 9500 BC by a catastrophe characterized by a giant tsunami lasting several days. After the event, memorized by Ethiopians who repopulated Egypt a thousand years later, the Atlantic Ocean was no more navigable, and the island had disappeared.

• The story of Atlantis presents a civilization centered beyond the Atlantic, with precise geographic features. It was destroyed about 9500 BC by a catastrophe characterized by a giant tsunami lasting several days. After the event, memorized by Ethiopians who repopulated Egypt a thousand years later, the Atlantic Ocean was no more navigable, and the island had disappeared.

• The geographic data in Plato agree with Hispaniola in the Caribbeans, named by the Taino local inhabitants Quisqueya = MOTHER OF ALL LANDS

Quisqueya has mountains reaching 3000 meters, close to the shore, and many rivers and lakes

• Quisqueya has mountains reaching 3000 meters, close to the shore, and many rivers and lakes

• It is rich in copper mines (the orichalc?) and gold, cause of the destruction of the natives by Columbus.

• It has a flat area from east to west with many rivers and protected by hills from the northernly winds

• The coasts are steep and can be imbedded in a rectangle with the size given by Plato to the irrigated plane

• The capital city was located probably on the southern side

• Bartolome de las Casas describes Hispaniola as Plato, rich of mountains, rivers, fertile, a population over 3 million

The time given by Plato for the end of Atlantis corresponds to the time for the end of the last Ice Age, precisely established by sedimental analysis

• The time given by Plato for the end of Atlantis corresponds to the time for the end of the last Ice Age, precisely established by sedimental analysis

• There is now evidence that the Ice Age terminated very fast, see the book of two Oxford geologists ICE AGE ENDED IN LESS THAN THREE YEARS

• Sediments analysis in north Atlantic shows that temperature increased over 25 degrees in less than 5 years (Petersen et al, Milos 2005 Atlantis conference)

• After Ice Age Gulf Stream changed course, moving before from Caribbans to Gibraltar

Fast end of an ice age can be explained by two extraterrestrial events:

• Fast end of an ice age can be explained by two extraterrestrial events:

• Asteroid-comet oceanic mpact, fracturing the thin oceanic crust and letting magma pour out with production of warm rains

• Close passage of a large object deforming Earth due to gravitational tide; magma again pours out of fractured oceanic crust, mainly from oceanic ridges

• First cause less likely for last Ice Age since no crater has been found at that age

Ancient data suggest that a large object passed near Earth, possibly the Pachamacac of Chimu, or the Nibiru of Sumerians, or Metis of Greek mythology. Possibly from this object Earth acquired Moon.

• Ancient data suggest that a large object passed near Earth, possibly the Pachamacac of Chimu, or the Nibiru of Sumerians, or Metis of Greek mythology. Possibly from this object Earth acquired Moon.

• A time before the Moon is quoted in the Bible, Job 25-5 and Psalm 72-5

• For the Hindu the Moon was born from a boiling sea

• For the Malekula of Melanesia: air was filled of vapours, when they disappeared sea level had increased and the Moon shined in the sky

• Recent origin of Moon stated in Democritus, Anaxagoras, Aristotle, Apollonius, Plutarch, Ovid, Hyppolitus, Lucian….

Capture impossible in a 3 body system with only gravitational forces, but no problem in a 4 body system, see Charon leaving Neptune to Pluto.

• Capture impossible in a 3 body system with only gravitational forces, but no problem in a 4 body system, see Charon leaving Neptune to Pluto.

• Turkish symbol of half Moon with a five pointed star inside and the passage in Censorinus ARCADIANS CLAIM THAT, BEFORE THE MOON EXISTED, YEAR CONSISTED OF 3 MONTHS suggest the loss of a previous satellite: Mars?

• If Mars was lost, it may have approached Earth every 54 years, alternating by day and night on a given meridian, till final circularization (see Dixon)

Over 30 theories exist for Lunar formation

• Over 30 theories exist for Lunar formation

• Many considered lunar birth coeval with Earth; but lunar rock analysis shows different isotope ratios not explainable from common origin

• Three body capture is only possible if Moon would be subject to atmospheric strong drag; Japanese show that then Moon orbit circularizes in about 10 years !

• Today standard theory has Moon formed from debris of a giant tangential impact with a Mars size body

STANDARD ORBITAL PERIOD 3600 YEARS, REAL ONE PROBABLY 20, SINCE ASIAN ANCIENT NUMBERS WERE OFTEN MULTIPLIED BY 180

• STANDARD ORBITAL PERIOD 3600 YEARS, REAL ONE PROBABLY 20, SINCE ASIAN ANCIENT NUMBERS WERE OFTEN MULTIPLIED BY 180

• POSSIBLE IMPACT ON JUPITER ABOUT 6900 BC, SEE TOLTEC CODEX AND TOLLMANN ANALYSIS OF SEVEN GREAT SIMULTANEOUS IMPACTS ON EARTH AROUND THAT TIME

IMPACT IN «RED SPOT» AREA, THUS NOT A HURRICANE, BUT STILL ACTIVE CRATER OF IMPACT, SEE ACKERMAN

• IMPACT IN «RED SPOT» AREA, THUS NOT A HURRICANE, BUT STILL ACTIVE CRATER OF IMPACT, SEE ACKERMAN

• NIBIRU AS METIS, PREGNANT OF ATHENA, ENTERING BODY OF JUPITER, EXPELLING ATHENA FROM ITS HEAD

• CORE OF JUPITER SMALLER THAN OF SATURN, IMPACT BY BODY 10 TIMES LARGER IN MASS THAN EARTH

For a frontal impact, Jupiter speed is reduced, hence Jupiter moves to a more distant orbit

• For a frontal impact, Jupiter speed is reduced, hence Jupiter moves to a more distant orbit

• Did Jupiter interact with Saturn in new orbit?

• Asteroid belt possible original location of Jupiter, their mass less then lunar mass, just beeing only part of mass lost in impact

• Most mass might have produced Venus and some Jupiter satellites, see Ackerman

If Metis is Nibiru with 20 years period, then between loss of Moon and impact over Jupiter there is a time of about 2500 years

• If Metis is Nibiru with 20 years period, then between loss of Moon and impact over Jupiter there is a time of about 2500 years

• With a Metis period of 20 years, then about 120 crossing expected in such period

• Crossing generally took place with Earth far away, but the dramatic effects for close crossings

• Possibly 10 such close passages, related to the 10 reincarnations of SHAKTI and 10 ages of Hesiod

Mars as a former Earth satellite would probably explain similar rotation period and angle over ecliptic

• Mars as a former Earth satellite would probably explain similar rotation period and angle over ecliptic

• It would suggest water presence until recently, lost catastrophically when removed from Earth and at subsequent close passages. This water may explain the water droplets, see Frank, appearing as flashes in Earth night photos

• Also likely the presence of life, even intelligent one, as suggested inter alia by the Cidonia area structures whose artificiality is shown by fractal analysis by Russian military codes, see van Flandern

Modeling lunar capture is a four body problem with unknown initial conditions. It can be solved by educated guess or an optimization formulation

• Modeling lunar capture is a four body problem with unknown initial conditions. It can be solved by educated guess or an optimization formulation

• Modeling the additional loss of Mars is a five body problem of similar nature; the very accurate OD solvers of Brugnano-Trigiante should be used

• The Censorinus statement suggests, via Kepler’s third equation, that Mars was, before Moon, at about one million km from Earth. Moon appeared bigger and brighter , a bonus for survivors of Ice Age end.

Deucalion catastrophe from Orosius took place at time of Exodus, of migrations and climatic troubles, and was due to the explosion of Phaethon

• Deucalion catastrophe from Orosius took place at time of Exodus, of migrations and climatic troubles, and was due to the explosion of Phaethon

• Can be dated at 1447 BC, at the end of Egypt Middle Kingdom by the invasion of the Hyksos-Amu-Amalek from Turan, see Velikovsky chronology

• Homer does not quote Deucalion but refers to Phaethon and Lampos as visible at sunrise. Such bodies were possibly perturbed, Lampos crashed over Africa (Mauritania, S. Egypt?) while Phaethon spiralled towards Earth

Assuming for Lampos and Phaethon sizes of 1-3 km, Lampos crashing over Africa would spread dust in the atmosphere and start eruption of the hundred volcanoes in Dancalia, Earth most unstable region

• Assuming for Lampos and Phaethon sizes of 1-3 km, Lampos crashing over Africa would spread dust in the atmosphere and start eruption of the hundred volcanoes in Dancalia, Earth most unstable region

• Such volcanoes, many covered at that time by salty water, would produce blood red pumices, falling partly over Indian Ocean ( called Red Sea by this reason) and partly over Ethiopia

• Monsoon rains would wash pumices into Nile, leading to the chain of events known as the Ten Plagues – the tenth one a case of eclampsia affecting young Egyptian women, see Sabbadini…

Once close to Earth by spiralling, Phaethon fragmented over Arabia, a fact seen by Moses when stranded in Pi Hahirot between Egyptian army and mountains, his road blocked by rockfall. Trajectory recorded b Babylonians, see Hempsell

• Once close to Earth by spiralling, Phaethon fragmented over Arabia, a fact seen by Moses when stranded in Pi Hahirot between Egyptian army and mountains, his road blocked by rockfall. Trajectory recorded b Babylonians, see Hempsell

• It entered atmosphere over Mediterranean, fired palaces of Crete and forests of Central Europe, and exploded over Eider in northern Germany

• There was an earthquake, followed by an atmospheric hot wave or wind, generating more fires and tsunamis in Mediterranean, Red Sea and Atlantic

In the north side a road exists between sea and mountains, as described in Josephus

• In the north side a road exists between sea and mountains, as described in Josephus

• The wadis in the plane can be canalized becoming small ports, hence name PI HAHIROT

• Moses probably arrived from Wadi Watir

• Sea in front of Nuweiba is shallow. A Karolinskaia Institut expeditio found unexpected corals of special shape. A submarine bridge allows sea appear as divided if sea level decreases some meters

Phaethon explosion is a super Tunguska event. Possibly one million MT versus 500 of 1908 Tunguska event in West Siberia

• Phaethon explosion is a super Tunguska event. Possibly one million MT versus 500 of 1908 Tunguska event in West Siberia

• Effects of atmospheric wave and generated tsunamis can be calculated in principle, a very complex problem requiring huge calculations and many data

• Calculation parameters involve energy and height of the explosion

• Calculation interesting in relation to possible impact on Earth of Apophis, circa 2025

The second catastrophe in Plato is certainly the biblical flood, where most interpreters have Noah surviving on mount Judi in Armenia, about 30 km south of’Ararat, in Turkey, date about 3161-3171 AC

• The second catastrophe in Plato is certainly the biblical flood, where most interpreters have Noah surviving on mount Judi in Armenia, about 30 km south of’Ararat, in Turkey, date about 3161-3171 AC

• The same Flood appears in other traditions, with different survivors, e.g. Utnapishtim or Manu. According to Talmud many boats were built, some survived the event, most were destroyed, the event being expected, also for the many earthquakes. Noah visited Enoch “in sky” (in Garden of Eden?, now Hunza valley)

In Vedic Fish Upanishad, there is a king with a very great dominion surviving the Flood. Since he has three sons whose names are similar to those of Noah’s sons, one making joke of him having seen him naked, he can be related to Noah

• In Vedic Fish Upanishad, there is a king with a very great dominion surviving the Flood. Since he has three sons whose names are similar to those of Noah’s sons, one making joke of him having seen him naked, he can be related to Noah

• From extrabiblical sources Enoch, grand father of Noah, had a very great kingdom, since 600 kings accepted his authority. Such a kingdom may have passed to his son Lamech, one of the three main gods of Kafirs, and also to Noah: a kingdom possibly from Europe to China, remember a tradition Noah died in Italy

Bible says Ark landed in Urartu, in past seen as Ararat, now as Armenia. Urartu has no meaning in semitic languages. But it may be a triple hybrid name, UR=KUR=mountain, sanskrit, AR=ARI= ARANI, gold, Magyar, TU=TA= great, Chinese. So the great mountain with gold, which leads to Kailas, most sacred Asian mount, place of Ophir gold mine

• Bible says Ark landed in Urartu, in past seen as Ararat, now as Armenia. Urartu has no meaning in semitic languages. But it may be a triple hybrid name, UR=KUR=mountain, sanskrit, AR=ARI= ARANI, gold, Magyar, TU=TA= great, Chinese. So the great mountain with gold, which leads to Kailas, most sacred Asian mount, place of Ophir gold mine

• At foot of Kailas lies lake MANASOVAR, where MANAS relates to a man with knowledge, OV=OB= AB is water, lake, AR gold again. Hence the golden lake of Manas.

Manas is a name related to Minos, Menes, Manu, Latin MENS, indicating someone with special knowledge. There is a town Manas in Zungaria and an epic of Manas of Kirghisians, about 6 millione verses, only a tenth translated into Russian. Is this epic related to Noah to some extent? A good question and one more reason for collecting and translating it.

• Manas is a name related to Minos, Menes, Manu, Latin MENS, indicating someone with special knowledge. There is a town Manas in Zungaria and an epic of Manas of Kirghisians, about 6 millione verses, only a tenth translated into Russian. Is this epic related to Noah to some extent? A good question and one more reason for collecting and translating it.

• Noah lived over 300 years after Flood, to about 2700 BC, and owned a very large dominion. Thus did he travel and was he at the origin of some civilizations starting at that time? Is he the Menes of first Egypt dynasty, Menes-Manas-Noah?

• The quoted Upanishad and other arguments suggest a Tibetan place for Noah, another research topic on surviving Tibetan texts

In Sumerian and Akkadian traditions the survivor is Ziusudra or Utnapishtim; he was visited about 2500 BC by Gilgamesh, on mount Nimush, now the Anye-machen range, in Tibet, sacred to the Ngolok, surrounded by river Maqu, a Sumerian name for the Yellow River !

• In Sumerian and Akkadian traditions the survivor is Ziusudra or Utnapishtim; he was visited about 2500 BC by Gilgamesh, on mount Nimush, now the Anye-machen range, in Tibet, sacred to the Ngolok, surrounded by river Maqu, a Sumerian name for the Yellow River !

• According to Avesta another survivor is Manu, probably the Mannu of Germans. He survived in a cave on the top of Montisola in lake Iseo or Siviano. Ancient local names suggest contacts with India via Red Sea, Wadi Hammamet, Nile, Mediterranean, Po and river Siviano=Oglio

The second catastrophe was due to an event possibly unique in the history of Universe, not to be repeated, says the Bible

• The second catastrophe was due to an event possibly unique in the history of Universe, not to be repeated, says the Bible

• It was characterized by arrival of water from the depths of the high and of the low

• Hypothesis of Ackerman and mine that the cause was the close passage of Mars, which lost its oceans and its core, that became planet Mercury. The length of the year changed from 360 to 365 days. This event is hinted by an enigmatic passage in Plutarch, and…

From Herodotus and Pomponius Mela twice Sun rose in east and twice in west; no changes in climate

• From Herodotus and Pomponius Mela twice Sun rose in east and twice in west; no changes in climate

• Koran praises the God of Orients and of Occidents, in a sura always interpreted as poetic utterance

• The above can be explained by three inversions of the rotational momentum of Earth. Such inversions may or may not also involve inversion of the stellar vault

• Possible Typhon event circa 2040, ending Ancient Kingdom, Sargonide empire, Indus civilization, Job witnesses effects explosion in Sinai from Oman?

• A few degrees variation of the axis angle towards ecliptic can follow an asteroid impact, whose velocity vector points not too close to the Earth center, see Barbiero who used gyroscope theory

• Same effect can follow a close passage of a large body, see Baltensperger and Woelfli

A variation only of sign and not direction of the angular rotational velocity vector keeps the equatorial bulge, reducing the consequences of the event. Perhaps only “silent earthquakes” would take place.

• A variation only of sign and not direction of the angular rotational velocity vector keeps the equatorial bulge, reducing the consequences of the event. Perhaps only “silent earthquakes” would take place.

• Spedicato under some simplifications shows existence of 2 or 4 states with same total energy and total angular momentum, by considering both rotation and revolution, via Kepler’s third law. One state is close to present one and might be reached by a small input.

Distance Earth-Sun changes about one thousandth, hence received solar energy one millionth: undetectable!

• Distance Earth-Sun changes about one thousandth, hence received solar energy one millionth: undetectable!

• Day’s length changes about 8 minutes, detectable possibly at circadian level

• Number of days in year changes from 365 to 363, thus need to correct the calendar, i.e. to establish the solstitial or equinoctial days

Signs of inversion taking place: strange movements in celestial bodies, and possible modest tsunamis

• Signs of inversion taking place: strange movements in celestial bodies, and possible modest tsunamis

• Possibly one inversion at end of Indus-Sarasvati civlization, circa 2000 BC, when megalitic monuments underwent modifications

• Another 1407 BC, Ogyges flood, Sun “stopped at order of Joshua”, 40 years after Exodus

• A third one circa 700 AC, when many calendars were changed (Numa Pompilius…)

• At time of Biblical Flood, which seems to have happened in Spring but followed by Autumn

The above quoted civilizations may have ended at the same time, see several authors

• The above quoted civilizations may have ended at the same time, see several authors

• Possible cause Typhon, a Cruithne object, exploding over north coast of Sinai, lake Serbonides, about 1940 BC, time of a giant Hekla explosion

• Sarasvati river dried for sand rich tsunami that flooded SW plane of India due to methane hydrates…

• Job probably describes the explosion effects from a distance, say 2000 km, in Khuzistan….

The greatest was about 546 AD, when several comets were seen, a few probably crashed, especially in Arabia, destroying the tribes of Aad and Thamud. Then the devastating plague of Justinian. Food shortage in China leading to emperor suicide.A volcano exploded, separating Java and Sumatra, and becoming Krakatoa, according to arguments by Keys

• The greatest was about 546 AD, when several comets were seen, a few probably crashed, especially in Arabia, destroying the tribes of Aad and Thamud. Then the devastating plague of Justinian. Food shortage in China leading to emperor suicide.A volcano exploded, separating Java and Sumatra, and becoming Krakatoa, according to arguments by Keys

• Another in 1178 when probably fragments of an asteroid, whose core hit Moon, hit Pacific Ocean leading to social discontinuities, migrations, fires in New Zealand forests…

Impacts with comets, Apollos and other bodies always possible

• Impacts with comets, Apollos and other bodies always possible

• Close passages of large objects from Kuiper region also possible, also from ouside solar system

• Asteroid Apophis, about 400 m diameter, in about 20 years may hit Earth with the energy of over 10.000 megatons, or will pass very lose.

Once decrypted by a simple astronomical based criterion all large numbers in ancient texts (Babylonian, Japanese, Nepalese, Indian…) are congruent and informative

• Once decrypted by a simple astronomical based criterion all large numbers in ancient texts (Babylonian, Japanese, Nepalese, Indian…) are congruent and informative

• The oldest reference pertain to the first two yugas, one giving a year 29.000 BC, the other 17.000 BC. The third yuga can be associated to the foundation of Atlantis, the last one to the seven couples “creation” in Garden of Eden, ending in 3103 with death of Krishna

• No end of age expected for now !!!

The second may relate to the starting of last Ice Age, the first one to some event that led to a first form of civilization, with Homo Sapiens prevailing over Neanderthal

• The second may relate to the starting of last Ice Age, the first one to some event that led to a first form of civilization, with Homo Sapiens prevailing over Neanderthal

• While this is not my research field, these two events can be interpreted within the scenario developed by Cardona (Earth as a previous satellite of Saturn, an independent brown dwarf captured by solar system) and by De Grazia and Milton, who analyze electromagnet effects