When Koguryo ruled East Asia



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World Cultural Heritage

Koguryo Tomb Murals

I

COMOS - 


K

orea


Cultural Properties Administration

Edited by Kim Lena




When Koguryo ruled East Asia 

two thousand years ago, great tombs and

murals of magnificent scale were created.

Such works of art depicted the lifestyles 

and philosophy of the modern Koreans’ ancestors 

in the Koguryo period.

These works are now designated as 

World Cultural Heritage

sites and are treasures that each 

and every one of us should preserve.

Representative Tomb Murals 

Koguryo, An East Asian Hegemon

by Im Ki-hwan 

Evolution of Koguryo Tomb Murals

by Jeon Ho-tae

Koguryo Tombs: Past and Present

by Kang Hyun-sook

1. Anak Tomb No. 3

2. Dongmyeongwang Tomb

3. Anak Tomb No. 1

4. Deokheungri Tomb

5. Yaksuri Tomb 

6. Yonggang Daemyo

7. Ssangyeongchong

8. Susanri Tomb 

9. Anak Tomb No. 2

10. Deokhwari Tomb No. 1

11. Deokhwari Tomb No. 2

12. Honamri Sasinchong

13. Jinpari Tomb No. 4

14. Jinpari Tomb No. 1

15. Gangseo Daemyo

16. Gangseo Jungmyo

17.Tonggu Tomb No. 12 

18. Gakjeochong

19. Muyongchong

20. Jangcheon Tomb No. 1

21. Toggu Sashinchong

22. Ohoe Tomb No. 4

23. Ohoe Tomb No. 5

Ⅰ.

Ⅱ.



Ⅲ.

Ⅳ.

98



101

105


Contents

06

12



14

18

26



32

34

40



44

48

50



54

56

58



62

68

72



74

78

82



86

90

94




4

5

Buyeo



Chaekseong

Liaoning


Naemihol

Dongbihol

Biryeolhol

Dalhol


Haseulra

Siljilguk

Bonghwangseong

Hanseong(Seoul)

Usanguk 

Jolbonseong

Geumgwan Gaya

(Gimhae)


Geumseong

(Gyeongju)

Sabi

(Buyeo)


Ungjin

(Gongju)


Gyerimryeong

Jukryeong

Gyeonyaseong

Mosanseong

Koguryo

B a e k j e  



G a y a

S i l l a

Tamna

Map of Ancient Koguryo Kingdom in Korean Peninsular



Guknaeseong

(Jiban)


Pyeongyangseong

Ⅰ.

Representative Mural Tombs



There are about 13,000 ancient tombs of Koguryo in the areas of Jian, China and Pyeongyang and

Anak, North Korea. Among those, the number of mural tombs is reportedly 20 in Jian, China and 80 in

North Korea. Of those mural tombs, this volume introduces 16 tombs in North Korea and 7 tombs in

China, whose murals are relatively well preserved.  

1. Anak Tomb No. 3

2. Dongmyeongwang Tomb

3. Anak Tomb No. 1

4. Deokheungri Tomb

5. Yaksuri Tomb

6. Yonggangdaemyo

7. Ssangyeongchong

8. Susanri Tomb

9. Anak Tomb No. 2

10. Deokhwari Tomb No. 1

11. Deokhwari Tomb No. 2

12. Honamri Sasinchong

13. Jinpari Tomb No. 4

14. Jinpari Tomb No. 1

15. Gangseo Daemyo

16. Gangseo Jungmyo

9

3

1



13

14

2



7

6

12



10

11

4



15

16

8



5

Suncheon



Pyeong

yang


Pyeongwon



Sariwon



Hwangju


Yonggang


Anak



Jaeryeong

Sincheon



Jungwha


Gangseo


Nampo


China

2122


19

18

23



17. Tonggu Tomb No. 12 

18. Gakjeochong

19. Muyongchong

20. Jangcheon Tomb No. 1

21. Toggu Sashinchong

22. Ohoe Tomb No. 4

23. Ohoe Tomb No. 5

Manpo 


17

20



� Pyeongyang and Anak Areas

� China’s Ji’an Area

Ancient Koguryo tombs below Shanchengzi mountain city

West Sea


Apnok River



Jian City

North Korea




6

The entrance to the east side room

Anak Tomb No. 3

Anak Tomb No. 3

357 CE,  Oguk-ri, Anak-gun, South Hwanghae Province

Anak Tomb No. 3 is one of the most important tombs of

Koguryo with dated inscriptions. The large scale of the

tomb makes it appear as an underground palace. The

mural paintings of various scenes demonstrate the national

strength and high cultural status of Koguryo and the

lifestyle of its people.   

This tomb has an entrance room that leads to the

antechamber with two side-rooms on either side, then to

the main chamber at the rear. All these chambers are

connected by corridors. The portraits of the deceased

master and his wife, as well as various life scenes and

decorative motifs are vividly depicted. They serve as an

important example of figure paintings of the early phase of

Koguryo murals. 

1

1. Anak Tomb No. 3



7

Ⅰ. Representative Mural Paintings  

Portrait of the deceased

master of the tomb 

_ West wall of the west side

room 


The deceased master is depicted

frontally on the wooden bed with

curtains, and his attendants are seated

on his either side. He is wearing a

Baekna (white silk) crown with a black

inner headdress and holds a zhuwei fan

in his right hand. This scene generally

follows the rule of early figure

paintings that represent the important

figures larger than his attendants. 

Portrait of the wife of

the deceased master

_ South wall of the west side

room


A plump lady is seated in a three-

quarter view facing towards the

painting of the deceased master. Three

maids, depicted much smaller, are

attending her. Their head dresses and

costumes are very decorative and

elegant. 

Plan and section




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