Why: what is the aim of a policy?



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Housing policy

    • Housing policy
    • Institutions: 4 levels
    • Future challenges

Why: what is the aim of a policy?

    • Why: what is the aim of a policy?
    • What: what is meant by affordable?
    • Who: who is responsible?
    • How: what instruments to apply?
    • My statement: thinking in 4 layers may support research that contributes to solutions for housing affordability problems


A roof over the head

  • A roof over the head

  • A home

  • An investment



Why is housing relevant:

  • Why is housing relevant:

    • Resilient cities: urban
    • Wellbeing: social
    • Economic growth: market


(1950-1960’s): Modernisation: urban

      • (1950-1960’s): Modernisation: urban
      • Developing world: emphasis on urban planning/slumclearing,
      • Europe: emphasis on solving housing shortage after WOII
      • (1970-1980’s): Structuralism: wellbeing
      • Developing world: welfare and support self-help,
      • Europe: housing as part of welfare states
  • Since 1990’s: Neoliberalism: market

      • Developing world: marketisation, formalisation
      • Europe: marketisation, privatisation, deregulation
  • Next?



Government as facilitator for the market

  • Government as facilitator for the market

    • Public housing at below market price
    • Subsidies (lump sum, yearly, tax-reduction), land, loans, bricks:
      • For developers/landlords
      • For people
    • Regulation:
      • Price, Quality,
      • Energy efficiency, transparency


Government

  • Government

  • Others (and government)



Housing policy

    • Housing policy
    • Institutions: 4 levels
    • Future challenges




Discourse in housing policy and housing policy institutions

    • Discourse in housing policy and housing policy institutions
    • How to make the market work
    • In reality there is a huge challenge in our urbanising world
    • Large part of housing solutions is beyond the scope of policy makers and beyond statistics
    • Key issues what happens in reality on level 4?
    • Time for a critical review of implicit value at level 1?


Who are the providers on the ground? How about affordability?

  • Who are the providers on the ground? How about affordability?

  • What are innovations on the supply side:

    • New design
    • New technology
    • New planning
    • New financial arrangements
    • New types of investment
  • What are the informal solutions of households?



Informal solutions:

  • Informal solutions:

    • 1.4 people billion by 2020 (UN-Habitat); 30-50% of the population in urban areas
    • Family help: multigenerational living




How does it really work in practice?

    • How does it really work in practice?
    • Housing outcomes are determined by other developments/policies
    • Ongoing:
      • Options to turn empty buildings to affordable housing in the Netherlands, Marjolein Overtoom
      • What are stakeholder interests in urban renewal in China, Toazhi Zhuang
      • Invasion of student housing and airbnb and the impact on affordable housing, master-projects


Who are the actors and how do they deal with the rules

  • Who are the actors and how do they deal with the rules







Governance of affordable housing: what works given the context?

    • Governance of affordable housing: what works given the context?
    • How is the interaction between formal and informal institutions
      • Low income condominiums in Quito and Ecuador; housing as common pool resource, Rosa Donoso
      • Family strategies towards home ownership, Wenjing Deng
    • Evaluate different models and how they work out in practice
      • RESHAPE: rethinking social housing, many…
      • New options for hybrid rental models in China, Juan Yan
      • New options for hybrid rental models in South Korea, Kyungho Choe
      • Alternative models for housing maintenance in Ghana, Samson Aziabah


The effect of policy instruments for affordable housing: subsidies, regulation: many ws in this conference

  • The effect of policy instruments for affordable housing: subsidies, regulation: many ws in this conference

    • TENLAW-project, FP7
    • Pilot project on homelessness
    • Instruments to encourage private renting, Steunpunt Wonen Vlaanderen, cooperation with Cambridge University
    • Towards cost effective housing policies, Steunpunt Wonen Vlaanderen
    • Towards new housing subsidies, Steunpunt Wonen Vlaanderen


What is fair and what is welfare about?

  • What is fair and what is welfare about?

    • Needs versus capabilities
  • Sen and Nussbaum on capabilities





Does the capabilities approach provide perspective for housing and other fields of welfare, H2020-project RE-InVEST

    • Does the capabilities approach provide perspective for housing and other fields of welfare, H2020-project RE-InVEST
      • Current social policy disempowers people
      • Participative approach with tenants and professionals:
      • http://www.re-invest.eu/
    • Other work:
      • Comparing formal and informal housing strategies in Asian cities (capabilities approach), Boram Kim
      • Project for Delft Design for Value: housing and philosophy


Housing policy

    • Housing policy
    • Institutions: 4 levels
    • Future challenges


Housing = access to the city, inclusive and resilient cities/societies

  • Housing = access to the city, inclusive and resilient cities/societies

  • Need for investment in affordable and sustainable new and existing dwellings means addressing:

    • Individual households: home owners, tenants
    • Landlords: social or commercial
    • Developers
    • Lenders
    • Investors




Williamson vs Ostrom (Nobel price 2009 together): “…a boost for the behaviourally founded, evolutionary–institutional approach…” Earl and Potts (2011) cited by Donoso, 2017

    • Williamson vs Ostrom (Nobel price 2009 together): “…a boost for the behaviourally founded, evolutionary–institutional approach…” Earl and Potts (2011) cited by Donoso, 2017
    • Redefine what is housing affordability and what is welfare/fair: can capabilities approach work for housing?
    • Create knowledge to feed policies:
      • What works and what not?
      • Global North and Global South can learn from each other
    • Next: adequate housing makes societies work?


M.g.elsinga@tudelft.nl

    • M.g.elsinga@tudelft.nl
    • https://www.tudelft.nl/bk/over-faculteit/hoogleraren/profdrir-mg-elsinga/


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