Wqwm ac0603 aksum indd
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| 1 Research Reports: Daily Life in Ancient Times Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Daily Life in Aksum Aksum was a powerful and wealthy ancient kingdom. Located in East Africa, it was very infl uential between A .
. 50 and 600. During this time, goods from all over the ancient world were traded in Aksum. Immense wealth moved through Adulis, Aksum’s main port. In this thriving kingdom, the daily life of its people varied depending on a person’s work and religious beliefs. By using primary and secondary sources, historians have been able to fi gure out what many Aksumites, or people from Aksum, did for a living. The importance of trade allowed many people to gain wealth by working as merchants. These businesspeople exported gold, ivory, and spices to Arabia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. In exchange for these goods, merchants received cloth, jewelry, metals, and steel for weapons. The merchants came in contact with people from many different areas. As a result, they were aware of news and ideas from cultures as far away as India. Some people in Aksum worked as farmers. They brought mountain water to the fi elds by building dams and digging canals and ponds to hold water. However, Aksum’s land had many hills so it didn’t hold moisture very well. To solve this problem, farmers built level areas of land on the hillsides. These were called terraces and they helped hold water, which improved farming. Other Aksumites worked as builders and architects. Archaeologists have found several monuments, palaces, thrones, and stone pillars that were built by the people of Aksum. The rulers of Aksum had the stories of their military conquests carved onto thrones and pillars. The following account was carved onto a throne for King Ezana to honor his victory: And I set up a throne here in Shado [Aksum] by the might of the Lord of Heaven who has helped me and given me supremacy. May the Lord of Heaven reinforce my reign. And, as he has now defeated my enemies for me, may he continue to do so wherever I go. The text of King Ezana’s victory contains a clue to another important aspect of people’s lives in Aksum—religion. For many years, the Aksumites worshiped many gods. Then, around A . D . 330, King Ezana converted to Christianity. He soon made Christianity the offi cial religion of Aksum.
2 Eventually, Christianity spread throughout the region. Monks brought the Christian message to the interior of Aksum. They also replaced local temples and shrines with Christian churches and monasteries. Learning was also important in the lives of some Aksumites. The written language of Aksum was called Ge’ez. It is a form of Arabic that has been modifi ed by the Greek and Kushitic languages. Part of why we know so much about Aksum is because the Aksumites preserved their rulers’ written documents. The daily lives of Aksumites varied depending on their work. Aksumites worked as merchants, farmers, builders, architects, and monks. The Christian religion became important in many of their lives, starting with the conversion of King Ezana around A . D . 330. The Aksumites also emphasized learning by preserving their history through written documents.
Ezana. “DAE 11.” in Stuart Munro-Hay. An African Civilization of Late Antiquity Antiquity. ed. Alan Light. 1991. May 27, 2005. aksum/mhak4.html#c11-5-dae11>.
“Aksum.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. May 27, 2005. eb.com/>. “eastern Africa, history of.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online
Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. May 27, 2005. “The Kingdom of Aksum.” About.com. May 27, 2005. Rowe, John A. “Ethiopia.” The World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia The World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2001.
Spitzer, Leo. “Aksum.” The World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia The World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2001.
McDougal Littell. World History: Ancient Civilizations World History: Ancient Civilizations. Evanston:
McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Miffl in Company, 2006. 197–200. Research Reports: Daily Life in Ancient Times
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 3 Organization A research report has three basic parts: the introduction, the body, and the
and states the topic . The body provides engaging
on the topic and the conclusion summarizes the
information. What aspect of daily life in Egypt or Kush will you write about? Daily Life in Aksum Aksum was a powerful and wealthy ancient kingdom. Located in East Africa, it was very infl uential between A . D . 50 and 600. During this time, goods from all over the ancient world were traded in Aksum. Immense wealth moved through Adulis, Aksum’s main port. In this thriving kingdom, the daily life of the people varied depending on a person’s work and religious beliefs. By using primary and secondary sources, historians have been able to fi gure out what many Aksumites, or people from Aksum, did for a living. The importance of trade allowed many people to gain wealth by working as merchants. These businesspeople exported gold, ivory, and spices to Arabia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. In exchange for these goods, merchants received cloth, jewelry, metals, and steel for weapons. The merchants came in contact with people from many different areas. As a result, they were aware of news and ideas from cultures as far away as India. Some people in Aksum worked as farmers. They brought mountain water to the fi elds by building dams and digging canals and ponds to hold water. However, Aksum’s land had many hills so it didn’t hold moisture very well. To solve this problem, farmers built level areas of land on the hillsides. These were called terraces and they helped hold water, which improved farming. introduction body details topic background Daily Life in Aksum details Research Reports: Daily Life in Ancient Times Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
4 Other Aksumites worked as builders and architects. Archaeologists have found several monuments, palaces, thrones, and stone pillars that were built by the people of Aksum. The rulers of Aksum had the stories of their military conquests carved onto thrones and pillars. The following account was carved onto a throne for King Ezana to honor his victory: And I set up a throne here in Shado [Aksum] by the might of the Lord of Heaven who has helped me and given me supremacy. May the Lord of Heaven reinforce my reign. And, as he has now defeated my enemies for me, may he continue to do so wherever I go. The text of King Ezana’s victory contains a clue to another important aspect of people’s lives in Aksum—religion. For many years, the Aksumites worshiped many gods. Then, around A . D . 330, King Ezana converted to Christianity. He soon made Christianity the offi cial religion of Aksum. Eventually, Christianity spread throughout the region. Monks brought the Christian message to the interior of Aksum. They also replaced local temples and shrines with Christian churches and monasteries. Learning was also important in the lives of some Aksumites. The written language of Aksum was called Ge’ez. It is a form of Arabic that has been modifi ed by the Greek and Kushitic languages. Part of why we know so much about Aksum is because the Aksumites preserved their rulers’ written documents. The daily lives of Aksumites varied depending on their work. Aksumites worked as merchants, farmers, builders, architects, and monks. The Christian religion became important in many of their lives, starting with the conversion of King Ezana around A . D . 330. The Aksumites also emphasized learning by preserving their history through written documents. Daily Life in Aksum (continued) body conclusion summary details details details Research Reports: Daily Life in Ancient Times Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
activities objects behaviors 5 Daily Life in Aksum (continued) Engaging Details Details can provide a deeper understanding of the history of a particular time period and make your research report more interesting to the reader. Research reports can use engaging details about the objects , the
activities and
behaviors , and the laws, rules, or rituals of a culture. What details will you provide to describe daily life in Egypt or Kush? The importance of trade allowed many people to gain wealth by working as merchants. These businesspeople exported gold, ivory, and spices to Arabia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. In exchange for these goods, merchants received cloth, jewelry, metals, and steel for weapons. Some people in Aksum worked as farmers. They brought mountain water to the fi elds by building dams and digging canals and ponds to hold water. However, Aksum’s land had many hills so it didn’t hold moisture very well. To solve this problem, farmers built level areas of land on the hillsides. These were called terraces and they helped hold water, which improved farming. The rulers of Aksum had the stories of their military conquests carved onto thrones and pillars. The following account was carved onto a throne for King Ezana to honor his victory: And I set up a throne here in Shado [Aksum] by the might of the Lord of Heaven who has helped me and given me supremacy. May the Lord of Heaven reinforce my reign. And, as he has now defeated my enemies for me, may he continue to do so wherever I go. Research Reports: Daily Life in Ancient Times Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. laws, rules or rituals 6 Daily Life in Aksum (continued) For many years, the Aksumites worshiped many gods. Then, around A . D . 330, King Ezana converted to Christianity. He soon made Christianity the offi cial religion of Aksum. Eventually, Christianity spread throughout the region. Monks brought the Christian message to the interior of Aksum. They also replaced local temples and shrines with Christian churches and monasteries. Research Reports: Daily Life in Ancient Times Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 7 Bibliography A bibliography lists the sources used for writing a research report. Remember, your bibliography for this assignment should contain a primary source, a Web site, an encyclopedia article, and a book. If possible, each citation should include the title, author, publisher, date, page number, or Web address. When you have more than one source in a category you should list them alphabetically. Use the format below for your bibliography. Primary Sources Ezana. “DAE 11.” in Stuart Munro-Hay. An African Civilization of Late Antiquity Antiquity. ed. Alan Light. 1991. May 27, 2005. aksum/mhak4.html#c11-5-dae11>.
“Aksum.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. May 27, 2005. eb.com/>. “eastern Africa, history of.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online
Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. May 27, 2005. “The Kingdom of Aksum.” About.com. May 27, 2005. Rowe, John A. “Ethiopia.” The World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia The World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2001.
Spitzer, Leo. “Aksum.” The World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia The World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2001.
McDougal Littell. World History: Ancient Civilizations World History: Ancient Civilizations. Evanston: McDougal
Littell, a division of Houghton Miffl in Company, 2006. 197–200. Daily Life in Aksum (continued)
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