ENVIRONMENT, SAFETY & HEALTH DIVISION
21 November 2022
SLAC-I-730-0A21S-027-R004
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Chapter 25:
Machine and Portable Tools
Portable Tool Requirements
Product ID:
387
| Revision ID: 2529 | Date published: 21 November 2022 | Date effective: 21 November 2022
URL:
https://www-group.slac.stanford.edu/esh/eshmanual/references/toolsReqPortable.pdf
1 Purpose
The purpose of these requirements is to ensure the safe use of
portable tools
. They cover the procurement,
safeguarding, use, and maintenance of such tools. They apply to workers and supervisors.
2 Requirements
2.1 General
Use of
portable tools
, both
power
and
hand
, must meet the following general requirements. Additional
requirements are described by type of tool in the following sections.
2.1.1 Procurement
SLAC will provide portable tools for SLAC employees. Except where approved by line management,
SLAC employees must not use their personal tools for work at SLAC. Subcontractors will provide their
own equipment. All portable tools must comply with the applicable external requirements (see
Chapter 25,
“Machine and Portable Tools”
, Section 6.1, “External Requirements”).
2.1.2 Use
Do not use a tool unless you have been trained to use it safely, know its limitations and hazards, and
have been properly authorized.
Use tools according to training and authorization
Use the appropriate tool for the task. Notify your supervisor if unsure which tool is appropriate. Select
tools that
–
Can be used without the hand or wrist in an awkward position
–
Are well balanced
–
Fit the hand comfortably
–
Are not so heavy that they strain the arm and shoulder
–
Have handles designed to minimize the grip force needed
–
Have soft grips that do not cut into the hand
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Environment, Safety & Health Division
Machine and Portable Tools | Portable Tool Requirements
21 November 2022
SLAC-I-730-0A21S-027-R004
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–
Are spark-resistant (made from brass, plastic, aluminum, or wood) if working around flammable
substances (sparks produced by iron and steel tools can be a dangerous ignition source)
Always visually inspect tools before use and remove from service any found to be defective. Tag the
tool OUT OF SERVICE and notify your supervisor.
Stop work immediately if a tool becomes damaged.
2.1.3 Housekeeping
Keep the work area free of clutter and debris that could create tripping or slipping hazards.
2.1.4 Cleaning and Maintenance
Store tools in a dry, secure location, in their supplied case or holder, or in purpose-built storage, when
they are not being used.
Damaged tools may be repaired only in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. Only
authorized personnel will be permitted to maintain or repair power tools. Tools must not be altered
from their original state, painted other than by the manufacturer, or have the manufacturer’s label
obscured.
2.1.5 Personal Protective Equipment
Wear or use personal protective equipment (PPE) or clothing that is appropriate for the work you are
doing; this may include items such as safety glasses or goggles, hearing protection, dust mask, gloves,
safety boots or shoes, or rubber boots. (See
Chapter 19, “Personal Protective Equipment”
for general
PPE requirements and the following sections for tool-specific requirements.)
2.2 Power Tools
2.2.1 Use
Make sure the tool has proper guards (see Section 2.2.3, “Guarding”).
Do not operate tools in an area containing explosive vapors or gases.
Do not surprise or touch anyone who is operating a tool. Startling a tool operator could end up causing
an accident or injury.
Use clamps, a vice or other devices to hold and support the piece being worked on, when practical to
do so. This will allow you to use both hands for better control of the tool and will help prevent injuries
if a tool jams or binds in a work piece.
2.2.2 Switches and Controls
Certain types of power tools are required to have specific switches and controls, as follows.
The following power tools must be equipped with a constant pressure switch or control that will shut off
the power when the pressure is released:
Circular saws with blade diameters over two inches
Chain saws (electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, or gasoline)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Environment, Safety & Health Division
Machine and Portable Tools | Portable Tool Requirements
21 November 2022
SLAC-I-730-0A21S-027-R004
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Percussion tools (for example, jackhammers) without positive accessory means
The following power tools must be equipped with a constant pressure switch or control that will shut off
the power when the pressure is released but may have a lock-on control provided. The control can be turned
off with a single motion:
Drills
Tappers
Fastener drivers (for example, staplers, nailers)
Grinders with wheel diameters over two inches
Disc sanders with disc diameters over two inches
Belt sanders
Reciprocating, saber, scroll, and jig saws with blade shanks greater than nominal 1/4 inch
All other power tools must be equipped with a momentary contact ON/OFF control or other controls.
Operating controls on all power tools must be located to minimize the possibility of accidental operation.
2.2.3 Guarding
Any power tool designed to accommodate guarding, such as circular saws, airless spray guns, belt sanding
machines, and portable grinders, must be equipped with that guard during use and the guard must not be
altered.
In general, guards are provided to protect the user and others from the following hazards:
Point of operation
In-running nip points
Rotating parts
Flying chips and sparks
Specifically, the moving parts of a power tool that can be hazardous must be guarded. For example, all of
the following parts must be guarded:
Gears, sprockets, and sprocket chain drives
Belt and pulley drives
Hazardous revolving or reciprocating parts
Pulleys and drums
Exposed shafts
Projecting shaft ends
Collars, clutches, and couplings
For example, portable circular saws must be equipped with guards. An upper guard must cover the entire
blade of the saw. A retractable lower guard must cover the teeth of the saw, except when the saw makes
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Environment, Safety & Health Division
Machine and Portable Tools | Portable Tool Requirements
21 November 2022
SLAC-I-730-0A21S-027-R004
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contact with the work material. The lower guard must automatically return to the covering position when
the tool is withdrawn from the work.
2.2.3.1
Exclusions
Certain tools are excluded from the guarding requirements due to there being a greater hazard to workers if
they are guarded in their working area. These tools include chain and reciprocating saws. These types of
tools have other guards to protect workers.
2.2.4 Powering On and Off
Switch off tools before connecting them to a power supply.
Disconnect the power supply before making adjustments or changing accessories.
Do not disconnect the power supply of the tool by pulling or jerking the cord from the outlet.
Remove any wrenches and adjusting tools before turning on a tool.
Do not bypass the ON/OFF switch and operate the tools by connecting and disconnecting the power
cord.
Do not walk around with a plugged-in tool with your finger touching the switch.
Do not brush away sawdust, shavings, or turnings while the tool is running.
Do not leave a running tool unattended. Do not leave it until it has been turned off, has stopped
running completely, and has been unplugged.
2.2.5 Housekeeping
Suspend power cords over aisles or work areas to eliminate stumbling or tripping hazards.
2.2.6 Cleaning and Maintenance
Ensure that cutting tools, drill bits, and so on are kept sharp, clean, and well maintained.
Do not clean tools with flammable or toxic solvents.
Use mechanical means (brush, broom) to clean surfaces and remove sawdust, metal turnings, and so
on. Use compressed air only as a last resort. If compressed air is used for cleaning, the pressure at the
nozzle tip must be less than 30 pounds per square inch (psi) and all personnel in the area must wear eye
protection (
8 CCR 3382
).
2.2.7 Personal Protective Equipment
Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry while using revolving power tools. Tie back long hair or wear
appropriate hair protection to prevent hair from getting caught in moving parts of equipment. When
using revolving power tools, wear gloves when the tool is taken to the work; do not wear them when
the work is taken to the tool.
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Environment, Safety & Health Division
Machine and Portable Tools | Portable Tool Requirements
21 November 2022
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2.3 Electric Power Tools
2.3.1 General
2.3.1.1
Use
In areas that are wet or in where flammable vapors may be present, use only electrical tools designed
specifically for that purpose.
Use only tools that are of an approved, double-insulated type and/or grounded to conform to federal
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) electrical standards (see
Chapter 8,
“Electrical Safety”
).
On construction sites, on temporary wired circuits, or in wet environments, use tools only in
conjunction with an approved ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI).
Do not power on tools until just before use and power them off immediately afterwards or before
changing accessories.
Do not get near the moving parts of an electrical tool unless the power is off.
Avoid body contact with grounded surfaces like refrigerators, pipes, and radiators.
Do not use any tool that is sparking or appears to have an electrical short.
Do not use an electric grinding wheel, buffer, or wire brush that wobbles or vibrates excessively.
Do not use excessive force on saws or drills.
2.3.1.2
Electric Cords
Use only approved extension cords that have the proper wire size for the length of cord and power
requirements of the electric tool that being used. This will prevent the cord from overheating.
For outdoor work, use outdoor extension cords marked W-A or W.
Do not use light-duty power cords.
Do not use any tool with a damaged or exposed cord or exposed wiring.
Check cords regularly for fraying, insulation damage, and crushing or cutting.
If a power cord feels more than comfortably warm, remove it from service and have it checked by an
electrician or other qualified person.
Do not lay power cords over sharp edges or through doorways or holes in walls.
Keep power cords away from heat, water, oil, and moving parts. They can damage the insulation and
cause a shock.
Keep power cords clear of tools and the path that the tool will take.
Protect cords from damage by vehicles, being walked on, and so on. Cords should be put in conduits,
placed under a cord cover or protected by placing planks on each side of them.
Do not lift, lower, or carry tools by their cords.
When unplugging a tool, pull the plug, not the cord. Pulling the cord causes wear and may adversely
affect the wiring to the plug.
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Environment, Safety & Health Division
Machine and Portable Tools | Portable Tool Requirements
21 November 2022
SLAC-I-730-0A21S-027-R004
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Do not plug several power cords into one outlet by using single-to-multiple outlet adapters or
converters (
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