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new biometrical devices such as iris checks, sound
wave measurements, sound editions and other
features or security checks that have become part
of immigration procedures, open up new horizons
and norms for scientific research, as well as
g e n e r a t i n g n e w o n t o l o g y a n d g l o b a l
"communication hubs" for further research. The
modern world has also begun to dismantle the
philosophical dichotomy of subject / object, and
calls for the new "unbundling meanings".
Modern philosophy of science and technology
Another modern conceptual source of the
should encompass the major technological
subject matter is the “The Ellul Forum” founded in
advances of post-industrial civilization and
1988. It plays a crucial role in illustrating and
innovative industry. In its turn, the latter should
debating around the research and analyses of
move in the direction of maximally "pragmatic
innovations. It publishes the articles and results of
philosophy". Thus, the new field of study is
discussions on innovations, the critique referring
generated at the intersection between biosocial
to the technological civilizations connected with
and technology, more precisely, at the edge of the
new trends of the world development. Professor
boundaries of “novelty” and “traditional”. This is a
Erik Persson writes: “The pathologies of “extreme
new crossroads, where the alternative ontology
science” and “the science of the implausible”
and epistemological models are expanding the
show up almost everywhere in today's scientific
axiological and moral horizons. That is why, it is
world, the most spectacularly, perhaps, in fields
quite logical to assume that the modern philosophy
such as genetic engineering, embryonic stem cell
of science and technology should also serve as an
research, cloning, nanotechnology, artificial
innovation philosophy.
intelligence (AI), and robotics with their
However, the object of its study is not only the
outlandish discourses on such topics as the
phenomenon of modern technology and "high-
transformation of all living matter into “gray goo”
tech" developments, but the essence of both. In
through an out-of-control self-replicating
fact, as a type of active agent, innovation
nanoprocess (“the accident to end all accidents”),
substantially transforms and changes the content
the selective killing of enemy populations through
of the old traditional philosophical problems and
genetically engineered “nanoviruses”, the cure of
issues, at the same time more involving the human
all illnesses through nanomedicaments or stem
presence as the main vector of development,
cell broths made on aborted foetuses, the cloning
which is directed towards the soaring
of human beings and the “uploading” of their
technological intervention in biosocial spheres. It
minds into a computer's memory, or the future
is useful at this point to provide some models of
overshadowing and replacement of man by
philosophical interpretations related to the
artificially hyper intelligent robots, just to mention
identification of content analysis of innovation for
a few popular themes of this kind. Evidently, also
greater clarity.
virtual reality and cyberspace must be included
Robert K. Merton, Jacques Ellul, and Mario
amongst the manifestations of “extreme science”,
4
Bunge are the outstanding representatives of
exuding the typical odour of unrestrained
6
philosophical analysts of technology who have
technolatry and pneumapathology” Technology
also delved into the holistic and scientific
is not an educational panacea. It is only a tool to
evaluation of innovation phenomena. In the book
help solve a broad based problem. We have to use
7
“The Technological Society” (1964) J. Ellul
technology rather than be used by it.
described all technological innovations as
Science, through its its historical development,
“technique” tended to be applied to the global
can correct the "practical urgency of innovations”
applications of the repeated cycles for gaining the
which is characterized by 3 types of changes in the
certain final and successful goals. He wrote that
scientific rationality followed by Stepin V.S.and
Kuznetsova L.F: classical, non-classical and post-
non classical rationality. They wrote: “the criteria
for distinguishing them are: 1) The features of
technology, Mario Bunge states that it is
unfortunate that the philosophy of pragmatism has
given us less. He describes the relations between
technology and philosophy “in terms of inputs and
outputs. On the output side, he notes the
technology supplies system-theoretical-
ontologies (i.e. conceptual systems of the nature of
scientifically knowable object like the Bunge
himself has produced in a multi-volume
5
treatise).”
“technique” for him is potentially applicable to
any area of life and is always judged and modified
by the criteria of efficiency. While describing