Zaporozhyan state medical university departement of infectious diseases

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MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 

ZAPOROZHYAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 

DEPARTEMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 

 

 

 

Ryabokon E.V., Onishchenko T.E., Ushenina L.O., Furyk E.A., Mashko O.P. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MANUAL OF HELMINTHIASIS 

 

 

FOR THE STUDENTS OF MEDICAL FACULTY 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2013 

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2 

Посібник затверджено на засіданні Центральної методичної раді 

Запорізького державного медичного університету 

(протокол №3 від 23.02.2013) 

Compilers: 

Ryabokon E.V., Onishchenko T.E., Ushenina L.O., Furyk E.A., Mashko O.P. 

Manual of helminthiasis : for the students of medical faculty / comp. 

E. V. Ryabokon, T. E. Onishchenko, L. O. Ushenina [et al.]. - Zaporozhye : 

[ZSMU], 2013. – 66 p. 

          Helminths  are  worms  causing  a  wide  variety  of  diseases  globally  called 

helminthiases.  Helminthiases  almost  only  occur  in  developing  countries, 

particularly  in  areas  where  sanitation  is  low  sanitation.  This  manual  reviews 

current  and  recent  information  concerning  pathogenic  helminths,  the 

characteristics of their eggs and sanitary strategies controlling them.

      The offered manual of Helminthisms will help students to learning skills of 

inspection, diagnostic thought, planning medical and prophylactic measures at 

infectious pathology in people.

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3 

CONTENTS 

 

Introduction 3 

Common part 

3 

Nematodoses 5 

Cestodoses 20 

Trematodoses 34 

Appendix№1 

Professional algorithm for formation practical skills  

of the diagnostics of the  nematodoses 

36 

Appendix№2  

Professional algorithm for formation practical skills  

of the diagnostics cestodoses 

44 

Appendix№3 

Control questions for self control 

55 

Appendix№4 

Task for self control 

57 

Appendix№5 

Tests for self control 

60 

Literature 

63 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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4 

INTRODUCTION 

 

Helminths are worms causing a wide variety of diseases globally called 

helminthiases. Helminthiases almost only occur in developing countries, 

particularly in areas where sanitation is low sanitation. Although helminths are not 

microscopic animals, their eggs, which are the infective agents, are. Helminth eggs 

are discharged to the environment in faeces and the oral faecal  route is the main 

dissemination pathway of the disease. The inadequate management and 

disposal of wastewater, sludge and faecal sludge1 pollutes crops, water and food 

that when ingested serve as vehicles for transmitting the disease. Unfortunately, 

there is a lack of knowledge about the sanitary control of helminths in specialized 

literature. This manual  reviews current and recent information concerning 

pathogenic helminths, the characteristics of their eggs and sanitary strategies 

controlling them. 

An integrated approach is required for the effective control of helminths 

which includes strategic and tactical use of anthelmintics which remains the corner 

stone to this end and careful management of grazing lands including control of 

stocking rates and appropriate rotation strategies.  

The offered manual of Helminthisms will help students to learning skills of 

inspection, diagnostic thought, planning medical and prophylactic measures at 

infectious pathology in people. 

 

COMMON PART 

 

Helminthisms are illnesses, caused parasitic worms - helmints. 

Etiology. Helminthisms are caused by the parasitic worms of three classes: 

round worms — nematods (Nemathelminthes), cestoids (Platyhelminthes) and 

sosal'schikov (Trematoda). 

Epidemiology and biology of helminthisms. The source of helmints can be 

the infected people (antroponosis helminthisms) and zoo (zoonotic helminthisms). 

Helmints have a difficult biological cycle of development, including a few 

stages: egg, larva (sometimes a few stages), adult worm. An epidemic process 

depends on the features of biology of parasite. The infected people present a direct 

danger for circumferential only at contact helminthisms (enterobiasis, 

hymenolepiasis). At an enterobiasis eggs arrive at maturity in the perianal folds, at 

hymenolepiasis mature eggs are selected with feces. An infection takes place at a 

domestic contact with a patient through the articles of everyday life and dirty 

hands. 

At geogelmintiasis immature eggs ripen in the objects of environment, more 

frequent than all in soil. There they pass the larval stage. An infection takes place 

by them at the use of food products (green-stuffs, fruit), waters or through dirty 

hands, containing the invasion eggs of helmint. Larvae can be actively inculcated 

in an organism through a skin and mucous membranes (at strongyloidiasis). 

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