120
kavkasielebis brZolis SesaZleblobebi da cdilobdnen Tavidan
aecilebinaT winaaRmdegoba, kmayofildebodnen mxolod im nadavliT,
rasac datovebuls iRebdnen. problema is iyo, rom vinaidan icodnen,
rom droebiT iyvnen, xSirad yvelafers Zireulad angrevdnen da
spobdnen.
me17me18 saukuneebSi TurqeTisa da sparseTs Soris gayofili
saqarTvelo sakmaod komfortulad cxovrobda. rogorc yovelTvis,
gamoCenili qarTveli warCinebulebi orive qveynis samxedro Tu sxva
sferos samsaxurebSi iyvnen. mSvidobis erTaderTi piroba iyo, rom
saqarTvelos ar moewyo rusebTan erTad muslimebis winaaRmdeg SeTq
muleba. irani da TurqeTi imazedac xuWavdnen Tvalebs, rom qarTvelebi
da qarTveli mefeebi ar Rebulobdnen islams (Tumca es pragmatuli iyo,
vinaidan sxvagvarad muslimanebs mouwevdaT adgilebze administraciis
daarseba da gaqreboda monebiT vaWrobis da ianiCarebis rekrutirebis
SesaZlebloba). internetis da komunikaciebis ararsebobis pirobebSi
mxolod evropul sanaTesaosken genetikuri ltolviT Tu aixsneba
xalxis CrdiloeTdasavluri miswrafeba. rom ara es 2 saukunis win
qarTvelebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba, daetovebinaT irani, Cven
axla viqnebodiT iranis erTerTi ucnobi provincia. Tanamedrove
tempebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Cven ruseTSi asimilacia ukve or TaobaSi
gvelodeboda.
zogadad, qarTvelebs ruseTSi Zalzed afasebdnen, magram es mxolod
zrdida asimilaciis siCqares. ruseTSi qarTvelebs ar iwvevdnen jarSi,
mxolod Tavadebi msaxurebdnen, rogorc oficrebi, yvela adgilobrivi
atarebda iaraRs da moiazrebodnen kavkasiaSi samxedro samsaxurSi
mTeli ruseTTurqeTisa da sparseTis omebis ganmavlobaSi. qarTveli
oficroba mefis mier aRiarebuli iyo rogorc rusi oficroba da maT
SeeZloT mieRwiaT umaRlesi poziciebisTvis da saukeTesod daqor
winebuliyvnen.
ruseTis mefis gvardiis nawilebisgan Camoyalibebuli iyo kavkasiis
polki kavkasieli moxaliseebisagan da dafasebulebi iyvnen mefisa
da mefis
wulebisgan, magram SeeZloT mieRwiaT mxolod polkovnikis
wodebamde. samxedro aRlumebis dros maT ecvaT kavkasiuri uniforma
– Cerqeska.
kavkasieli grenaderebis divizia pirvel grenaderTa brigadas moi
cav da, romelic Sedgeboda samxreT kavkasielebisagan;
me13 leibgrenaderTa erevnis polki (uZvelesi da dafasebuli
samxedro danayofi, daarsebidan butirskis nawili, petre didis mier
Seqmnili, Sotlandieli oficris, gordonis meTaurobiT);
121
me14 leibgrenaderTa saqarTvelos polki (aseve uZvelesi rusuli
armiis samxedro danayofi, Camoyalibebuli gordonis meTaurobiT);
me15 leib Tbilisis danayofi, daarsebuli mefe petre didis
sparsuli kampaniis dros;
me16 leib megruli danayofi, 1834 wels Seqmnili;
kavkasiis grenaderTa artileriis brigada da kavkasiis grenaderTa
kavaleriis divizia.
ruseTma saqarTvelo SemoierTa 1801 wels, magram ukve 1812 wels 12
qarTuli warmomavlobis generali monawileobda borodinos brZolaSi,
xolo qarTveli generali petre bagrationi ruseTis erovnul gmirad
aris dRemde aRiarebuli, rodesac is sayvedurobda mixael andreas
barklai de tols Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly rusi jaris mudmivi
ukan daxevis gamo, erTxel gabrazebulma uwoda: `nemec – germanelo~.
Tumca is Sotlandiuri warmoSobis baltiispireli germaneli iyo da
misi saxeli moxseniebulia valhalaSi, didebis darbazSi, sadac pativs
miageben germaniis cnobil adamianebs, romelic aSenebulia dunais
napirze regensburgis aRmosavleTiT, bavariaSi. amaze de tolim
upasuxa: `to Je mne ruski – es xom aris ra rusi~.
yvelaze mniSvnelovans, rasac saqarTvelosa da kavkasiaSi ruseTis
administracia akeTebda, iyo, rom isini mTeli sisastikiT win aRudgnen
da gaanadgures SurisZiebis praqtika (vendeta) (rogorc evropaSi
dueli) da monebiT vaWroba, gansakuTrebiT, roca qarTvelebs qarTveli
yidda.
amierkavkasiis kampania, Crdilokavkasiisagan gansxvavebiT, ar iyo
kolonizacia, rogorc klasikuri tradiciuli rusuli politika. jon
steinbeki `rusul gazeTSi~ (niu iorki, 1948 w. gv. 150) John Steinbeck `A
Russian Journal~ (New York, 1948, p.150) werda, rom `marTlac, Cven daviwyeT
dajereba, rom rusebs imedi hqondaT, Tuki kargi da saTno cxovrebiT
icxovrebdnen, rodesac mokvdebodnen samoTxis nacvlad saqarTveloSi
aRmoCndebodnen~. kavkasiis kampanias garkveuli mistikuri mniSvneloba
hqonda ruseTisTvis. rodesac Samili, CeCeni meamboxe lideri,
dapatimrebul iqna da Tveebis ganmavlobaSi mihyavdaT peterburgSi, igi
Sokirebuli iyo da pirveli kiTxva, romelic man ruseTis mefes dausva
iyo – Tu raSi sWirdeboda misi aseTi patara samSoblo, rodesac amdeni
carieli adgili hqonda . verc erTi rusi ver bedavda da ver bedavs
mTian kavkasiis regionSi dasaxlebas.
mistikurad, ara mxolod imperiis administracia, aramed `pro
g
resulad~ moazrovne `inteligencia~, revolucionerebi da de
kamb
ristebic erTi ideis qveS erTiandebodnen – kavkasia aneqsirebuli
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unda yofiliyo nebismier fasad. 1833, 34, 40 wlebSi, ruseTSi sasoflo
sameurneo katastrofisa da SimSilobis gamo aTasobiT glexi daiRupa,
magram aTasobiT jariskaci gagzavnili iyo kavkasiaSi yovelgvari
ukmayofilebis gamo, mTeli im wlebis ganmavlobaSi, miuxedavad
danakargis, SimSilobisa da yvela im siZnelisa, Sua saukuneebis msgavs
omebSi rac xdeboda! saukuneebis manZilze ruseTi amyofebda jaris
saukeTeso meomar nawilebs, yvelaze niWier da qmediT generlebs
da oficrebs kavkasiaSi. ra Tqma unda, didi survili qristianuli
saqarTvelosa da somxeTis daxmarebisa iyo faqtori, magram amiT
yvelafris axsna Zalian Znelia.
dekabristma pestelma Tavis doqtrinaSi, 1824 wels aSkarad dagegma
kavkasieli tomebis cimbirSi gadasaxleba, xolo rusebis dasaxleba
maT adgilas. es ki metismeti iyo rusi imperialistebisTvisac ki.
cnobili rusi dekambristi da mwerali bestuJevmarlenski 1831
wels damwuxrebuli iyo faqtiT, rom, radgan igi kavkasiis armiaSi
msaxurebda, ar hqonda SesaZlebloba monawileoba mieRo poloneTis
ajanyebis CaxSobaSi. is moklul iqna Cerqezebze sasikvdilo Setakebis
dros. puSkinma, tolstoim, lermontovma da sxvebma am brZolaSi miiRes
monawileoba, humanizmze yovelgvari kiTxvebis gareSe. lermontovma
saxeli gaiTqva Tavisi simamaciT mTielebTan brZolaSi da werda,
rom mas sul ufro metad moswonda omi da sisxli. rusi `humanisti~
dostoevski msoflioSi gaxda cnobili rusi moxuci qalis mkvlelis
gakicxviT, magram mis nawarmoebebSi versad SexvdebiT ruseTis
sisastikis dagmobas an aRweras kavkasiaSi brZolis dros: gadamwvari
soflebi, CamomxrCvali adamianebi, gaupatiurebuli qalebi, mokluli
bavSvebi, asiaTasobiT mokluli xalxi. kavkasiaSi konkistadorebiviT
qcevam ar gamoiwvia rus inteleqtualebSi moraluri problemebi. rusi
klasikosi griboedovi iyo general ermolovis, yvelaze sastiki `gmiri~
kavkasiasTan brZolaSi, diplomatiuri mdivani yovelgvari humanuri
SeniSvnebis gareSe. magram aris aseve sxva magaliTi, generalma raevskim
samxedro ministrs miswera, rom is winaaRmdegia kavkasiaSi sabrZolo
moqmedebebisa da rom tovebda regions: `Cveni moqmedebebi kavkasiaSi
hgavs amerikis espaneli dampyroblebis pisaros an kortesis saSinel
moqmedebebs~.
ruseTis imperiuli politika da kavkasiuri tradiciebi Zalzed
SeuTavsebelia erTmaneTTan. erTxel rusma generalma gadawyvita,
SeeCerebina es giJuri Zaladobis jaWvi da aexsna mTielebisTvis aSkara
simarTle, amao winaaRmdegoba mravalmilioniani ruseTis winaSe. igi
uiaraRod Sevida mTebSi da ar iyo myisierad mokluli da mteric ki,
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