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Year: 2013
Eder (Place)
Arnet, Samuel
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ebr.ederplace
Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich
ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-87965
Veröffentlichte Version
Originally published at:
Arnet, Samuel (2013). Eder (Place). In: Klauck, Hans-Josef; Leppin, Volker; McGinn, Bernard; Seow,
Choon-Leong; Spieckermann, Hermann; Walfish, Barry Dov; Ziolkowski, Eric J. Encyclopedia of the
Bible and Its Reception : Volume 7: Dress – Essene Gate. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter, 391-392.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ebr.ederplace
391
Eder (Person)
of Eden (dir. E. Kazan, 1955),
Paradise Lost (dir. H.
Freed, 1999),
Adam & Eve (dir. I. K. Musallam, 2002),
and
Eden (dir. D. Recks, 2008).
Bibliography:
■
Dixon, W. W.,
Visions of Paradise (New
Brunswick, N.J. 2006).
■
Kozlovic, A. K., “Serpentine Evil
and the Garden of Eden: On DeMille’s
Samson and Delilah
(1949),”
Bright
Lights
Film
Journal
60
(May
2008;
www.brightlightsfilm.com; accessed August 27, 2013).
■
Linafelt, T., “The Human Condition in Genesis 2–3 and in
Blade Runner,” in
Teaching the Bible (ed. M. Roncace/P. Gray;
Atlanta, Ga. 2005) 73–75.
■
Sanders, T.,
Approaching Eden
(Lanham, Md. 2009).
■
Sterritt, D., “Days of Heaven and
Waco: Terrence Malick’s
The Tree of Life,”
Film Quarterly 65/
1 (2011) 52–57.
Anton Karl Kozlovic
See also /Adam (Person); /Adam and Eve, Story
of; /Eve; /Garden; /Lilith; /Paradise
Eder (Person)
1. Son of Mushi
One of Mushi’s three sons, Eder (MT
Ēder) is men-
tioned in two lists of Levites who served under Da-
vid (1 Chr 23 : 23; 24 : 30). Mushi was son of Merari
son of Levi (1 Chr 23 : 21). Rather than deriving
from an early monarchic period, the lists corre-
spond to hierarchies and influences of Levite fami-
lies during the Second Temple period. Eder may be
a short form of Adriel (
Adrî ēl), ‘El is my help’
(Aram.).
2. Son of Beriah
Eder (MT
Eder), Son of Beriah, a descendant of Ben-
jamin, is mentioned in 1 Chr 8 : 15. The verse is part
of a list of heads of families who lived in Jerusalem.
Although the list purports to be from an early pe-
riod, it is more probably related to Jerusalemite
families during the Second Temple Period. As with
many other names, the Greek versions bear witness
to several variants of the name (
Ωδερ, Εδερ, Αδαρ).
Juha Pakkala
Eder (Place)
According to Josh 15 : 21, Eder is a settlement in
Judah located “in the extreme south, towards the
boundary of Edom.” While MT has
Ēder, the LXX
manuscripts vary in their rendering (Ε
δραι, Αρα).
Since in early Hebew script the consonants
d and
r
look very similar, it may be that the name should
read Arad rather than Eder (see Josh 12 : 14; 1 Chr
8 : 15, though in a different context, lists both Arad
and Eder). The place names in Josh 15 : 20–63
should demonstrate “how vast and rich Judah once
was” (Knauf: 145).
Bibliography:
■
Knauf, E. A.,
Josua (ZBK Altes Testament;
Zürich 2008).
■
Svensson, J.,
Towns and Toponyms in the Old
392
Testament (ConBOT 38; Stockholm 1994).
■
Zorn, J. R.,
“Eder,”
ABD 2 (New York 1992) 284.
Samuel Arnet
Eder, Tower of
The Tower of Eder (MT
Migdal- ēder, lit. “tower of
the flock”) is situated near the place beyond which
Jacob/Israel pitched his tent after Rachel’s death
when on his way to Hebron (Gen 35 : 21, 27). It was
identified by Jerome with the Shepherds’ Field
(
Epist. 108.10), where God’s angel announced Jesus’
birth to the shepherds (Luke 2 : 8–14). The place,
located about 1 km east of Bethlehem within the
Arab village of Beit Saḥur, has been associated with
messianic expectations (cf. Mic 4 : 8); Targum
Pseudo-Jonathan on Gen 35 : 21 states that
Migdal-
ēder is the place from which the Messiah will reveal
himself at the end of days.
Bibliography:
■
Liid, D. C., “Eder, Tower of,”
ABD 2 (New
York 1992) 284.
■
Tsaferis, V., “Shepherds’ Field,” in
The
New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land
(ed. E. Stern; New York 1993) 1362–363.
Samuel Arnet
Edersheim, Alfred
Alfred Edersheim (1825 – 1889) was the author of
numerous popular books on the OT and NT as well
as on the Jewish people. Although he was born in
Vienna of Jewish parents and received his initial
education in a school attached to a synagogue, as a
young man he converted to Christianity. He eventu-
ally became a minister of the Free Church of Scot-
land and later took orders in the Anglican Com-
munion. His most famous book,
The Life and Times
of Jesus the Messiah (2 vols., 1883), emphasizes the
Jewish background and context of the canonical
gospels. Uncritical by modern standards, both in its
historical judgments and its use of rabbinic materi-
als, it nonetheless displays a remarkable knowledge
of Jewish sources and their importance for the
study of Jesus and early Christianity. Although the
book had very little impact upon academic circles,
it is still in print and remains popular in some Eng-
lish-speaking Protestant circles.
Bibliography:
■
Mishkin, D.,
The Wisdom of Alfred Edersheim
(Eugene, Oreg. 2008).
Dale C. Allison, Jr.
Edessa
I.
Christianity
II.
Islam
I. Christianity
Edessa had been the incontestable cultural capital
of the Aramaic speaking Christendom on Roman
territory and was to maintain its pivotal role at least
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