1. Pangaea was: Pangaea was

1. Pangaea was:

• 1. Pangaea was:

• a.) A time period when the dinosaurs lived

• b.) A unified ocean

• c.) A super-continent

• 2. TRUE or FALSE: Plates below us, and all over the world beneath Earth’s crust are still moving

1. Plates move because:

• 1. Plates move because:

• a.) Heat in the earth’s core provides energy for movement

• b.) earthquakes push & move plates

• c.) Tides push and move plates

• 2. TRUE or FALSE: Pangaea was the 1st super continent to form on earth

Theory that continents were once part of a single landmass that broke apart and have moved to their present locations.

• Theory that continents were once part of a single landmass that broke apart and have moved to their present locations.

• can drift apart from one another and have done so in the past

Pangaea is the name given to the single landmass that was present 200 million years ago

• Pangaea is the name given to the single landmass that was present 200 million years ago

Mountains

• Mountains

• Some mountain ranges on different continents seem to match.
• Ex: ranges in Canada match Norway and Sweden
• Ex: Appalachian Mtn. match UK mtn

Climatic evidence such as glaciers in areas that are now close to the Equator

• Climatic evidence such as glaciers in areas that are now close to the Equator

• Laser Geodynamics

• Satellite (LAGEOS)

Which way? - look at this image – this is the way the plates are moving.

• Which way? - look at this image – this is the way the plates are moving.

• 50 million years- what they predict the world will look like

THEORY STATES THAT EARTH’S OUTER LAYER (LITHOSPHERE) IS DIVIDED INTO PLATES THAT ARE IN CONSTANT SLOW MOTION MOVING AROUND ON TOP OF THE ASTHENOSPHERE

• THEORY STATES THAT EARTH’S OUTER LAYER (LITHOSPHERE) IS DIVIDED INTO PLATES THAT ARE IN CONSTANT SLOW MOTION MOVING AROUND ON TOP OF THE ASTHENOSPHERE

Theory that pieces of lithosphere move around on top of the asthenosphere

• Theory that pieces of lithosphere move around on top of the asthenosphere

If we could take a chunk out of the Earth, we would see that it is made up of different layers.

• If we could take a chunk out of the Earth, we would see that it is made up of different layers.

Earth is made up of 3 main layers

• Earth is made up of 3 main layers

• Crust
• Mantle
• Core
• Each layer has it’s own individual composition and physical properties.

Composition= what it’s made of

• Composition= what it’s made of

• Physical properties= characteristic that is unique and helps to identify the substance (temp, size, shape, color)

• Example: Chocolate Chip Cookies

• Composition- flour, eggs, sugar, chocolate
• chips, baking powder, butter
• Properties- round, rough, sweet, tan and black, hot, lumpy,

CRUST

• CRUST

• Physical Properties:
• outermost layer
• thinnest layer (5-70km thick)
• Surface temperature
• 1% of Earth’s mass
• where we live
• touches the atmosphere
• Composition:
• consists of loose rocks
• & soil

• Very

• thin

Continental Crust:

• Continental Crust:

• dry land, granite

• less dense

• Oceanic Crust:

• ocean floor,

• Basalt, thinner

• than cont. crust

• but more dense

MANTLE

• MANTLE

• Physical Properties:
• thickest layer (2900km thick)
• 1600-4000 F
• 66% of earth’s mass
• flowing
• Composition:
• Molten rock
• Magma

CORE

• CORE

• Physical properties:
• HOT! 4000-8000 F
• Very dense
• High pressure
• 4000 miles from surface
• 33% of Earth’s mass
• About the same size as
• Mars
• Composition:
• Iron and Nickel (metals)

As you get deeper inside the Earth, temperature Increases

• As you get deeper inside the Earth, temperature Increases

• As you get deeper inside the Earth, pressure Increases

The 3 main layers

• The 3 main layers

• of the Earth can be

• divided further by

• the way they “act”

• within the Earth

• and by their

• different physical

• properties.

outermost layer – includes crust and upper mantle

• outermost layer – includes crust and upper mantle

• rigid

• divided into

• pieces or

• tectonic plates

• Rocks and soil

composed of solid flowing rock

• composed of solid flowing rock

• layer on which pieces of lithosphere move on top (solid rock that flows)

• Think of
• it like caramel

strong, lower part of the mantle

• strong, lower part of the mantle

• layer between asthenosphere and core

The core is divided into two parts

• The core is divided into two parts

• Outer Core:
• Liquid iron and nickel that’s spinning
• Inner Core:
• Solid iron and nickel
• Solid because of all the pressure of the rest of the Earth surrounding it.

Seismic waves

• Seismic waves

• produced by

• earthquakes

• travel at

• different

• speeds through

• solid rock

• and liquids

A.) CONVECTION CURRENTS

• A.) CONVECTION CURRENTS

• This is where Hot material from deep within the Earth rises (add this) while cooler material near the surface sinks

B.) Sea-floor spreading

• B.) Sea-floor spreading

• This is where new ocean

• floor is created as two

• lithospheric plates

• pull away from

• one another.

1.) volcanoes

• 1.) volcanoes

• 2.) earth quakes

• 3.) Mountain ranges (to form)

• 4.) Deep ocean trenches (to form)

The edges of

• The edges of

• different pieces of

• The lithosphere

• meet at lines

• called plate

• boundaries

1.) Convergent

• 1.) Convergent

• 2.) Divergent

• 3.) Transform

= WHEN TWO PLATES ARE MOVING AWAY FROM EACH OTHER

• = WHEN TWO PLATES ARE MOVING AWAY FROM EACH OTHER

• MAGMA RISES AND SPILLS OUT FROM UNDER THE PLATES, MAKING NEW CRUST

• Ex.) rift valley OR trench

Divergent boundary= two plates move apart

• Divergent boundary= two plates move apart

• Magma rises and creates new crust or seafloor

• Ex:

• sea-floor

• spreading or a

• rift

• Boundary animation

= when one plate is pushed under (subducts) another plate. The plate that is pushed under is then recycled back into the asthenosphere.

• = when one plate is pushed under (subducts) another plate. The plate that is pushed under is then recycled back into the asthenosphere.

• This is when the plates converge

Convergent= when two tectonic plates push into one another.

• Convergent= when two tectonic plates push into one another.

Continental vs. Continental

• Continental vs. Continental

• Continental vs. Oceanic

• Oceanic vs. Oceanic

Ex: Andes mtn in S.

• Ex: Andes mtn in S.

• America

The oceanic plate slides under the continental plate.

• The oceanic plate slides under the continental plate.

• (Why doesn’t the continental plate slide under the oceanic crust?)

• This causes continental crust to crumble and forms new mountains or volcano

When two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally

• When two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally

Continents

• Continents

• “fit together”

• like puzzle

• pieces

Pick up a convection lab guide, and answer pre-lab questions 1 - 3

• Pick up a convection lab guide, and answer pre-lab questions 1 - 3

1. WHAT QUESTION ARE WE TRYING TO ANSWER TODAY?

• 1. WHAT QUESTION ARE WE TRYING TO ANSWER TODAY?

1. WHAT QUESTION ARE WE TRYING TO ANSWER TODAY?

• 1. WHAT QUESTION ARE WE TRYING TO ANSWER TODAY?

• How do the tectonic plates move?

• 2. WHAT DO WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT HOW THE PLATES MOVE?

2. WHAT DO WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT HOW THE PLATES MOVE?

• 2. WHAT DO WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT HOW THE PLATES MOVE?

• HEAT FROM THE EARTH’S CORE PROVIDES THE ENERGY FOR THE PLATES TO MOVE

• THE PLATES ARE ALWAYS MOVING

• 3. So, how is heat from the earth’s core getting to where the tectonic plates are?

3. So, how is heat from the earth’s core getting to where the tectonic plates are?

• 3. So, how is heat from the earth’s core getting to where the tectonic plates are?

• It is transferred through touching (conduction)!!!

• 3. HOW is the heat transferred from the earth’s core to the plates? Through CONDUCTION (touching) and CONVECTION (moving)

• Convection is the transfer of heat by the circulation or movement of the heated parts of a liquid or gas. HOT AIR RISES, COLD AIR SINKS

Convection is the transfer of heat by the circulation or movement of the heated parts of a liquid or gas. HOT AIR RISES, COLD AIR SINKS

• Convection is the transfer of heat by the circulation or movement of the heated parts of a liquid or gas. HOT AIR RISES, COLD AIR SINKS

5.) CONVECTION CURRENTS This is where hot material from deep within the Earth rises while cooler material near the surface sinks

• 5.) CONVECTION CURRENTS This is where hot material from deep within the Earth rises while cooler material near the surface sinks

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_lqsyrOpvc

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_lqsyrOpvc

Slide 75: When a candle burns, CONVECTION CURRENTS- rise above the flame. We are not able to see them, however, without special help like the light from a projector. Convection is the transfer of heat by the MOVEMENT of the heated parts of a liquid or gas.

• Slide 75: When a candle burns, CONVECTION CURRENTS- rise above the flame. We are not able to see them, however, without special help like the light from a projector. Convection is the transfer of heat by the MOVEMENT of the heated parts of a liquid or gas.

Slide 76: When air is heated, its molecules actually bump into each other, spreading them farther apart and creating MOVEMENT. Think about magma in the asthenosphere: When magma is heated by touching the hot core below it, the magma will RISE.

• Slide 76: When air is heated, its molecules actually bump into each other, spreading them farther apart and creating MOVEMENT. Think about magma in the asthenosphere: When magma is heated by touching the hot core below it, the magma will RISE.

Slide 77: After the magma cools, it will sink back down again to the core, just like the cold water from your ice cube sinks to the bottom of your cup. The core will again heat the magma, and the magma will again rise. The up and down, rising and sinking motions of the magma causes the tectonic plates to move.

• Slide 77: After the magma cools, it will sink back down again to the core, just like the cold water from your ice cube sinks to the bottom of your cup. The core will again heat the magma, and the magma will again rise. The up and down, rising and sinking motions of the magma causes the tectonic plates to move.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0dWF_3PYh4

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0dWF_3PYh4

BGJHS Mission Statement: At BGJHS, all students are empowered to become respectful and responsible 21st century learners and leaders.

• BGJHS Mission Statement: At BGJHS, all students are empowered to become respectful and responsible 21st century learners and leaders.